USS George Washington (1908)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 USS George Washington (on right) |
|
| Career |  |
|---|---|
| Laid down: | |
| Launched: | 10 November 1908 |
| Commissioned: | 6 September 1917 |
| Decommissioned: | 21 April 1947 |
| Fate: | Sold for scrap, 13 February 1951 |
| Struck: | |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 33,000 tons |
| Length: | 722 ft 5 in (220.2 m) |
| Beam: | 78 ft (23.8 m) |
| Draft: | 36 ft (11.0 m) |
| Propulsion: | Oil burner |
| Speed: | 19 knots (35 km/h) |
| Complement: | 749 |
| Armament: | 4 × 5 in (127 mm) guns |
The second USS George Washington was an ocean liner taken over and used as a transport ship by the United States Navy in World War I and World War II. She was named for George Washington, the first President of the United States.
George Washington was built as German passenger liner George Washington by the Vulcan Works, Stettin, Germany; and launched 10 November 1908. She was operated by the North German Lloyd Line until World War I when she sought refuge in New York, a neutral port in 1914. With the American entry into the war in 1917, George Washington was taken over 6 April and towed to the New York Navy Yard for conversion into a transport. She commissioned 6 September 1917, Captain Edwin T. Pollock in command.
[edit] World War I
George Washington sailed with her first load of troops 4 December 1917 and during the next 2 years made 18 round trip voyages in support of the A.E.F. During this period she also made several special voyages. President Woodrow Wilson and the American representatives to the Paris Peace Conference sailed for Europe in George Washington 4 December 1918. On this crossing she was protected by Pennsylvania (BB-38), and was escorted into Brest, France, 13 December by nine battleships and several divisions of destroyers in an impressive demonstration of American naval strength. George Washington also carried Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Roosevelt and the Chinese and Mexican peace commissions to France in January 1919 and on 24 February returned President Wilson to the United States. The President again embarked on board George Washington in March 1919; arriving France 13 March, and returned at the conclusion of the historic conference 8 July 1919.
During the fall of 1919, George Washington carried another group of distinguished passengers—King Albert and Queen Elizabeth of Belgium and their party. Arriving New York 2 October, the royal couple paid a visit before returning to Brest 12 November. Subsequently, the ship decommissioned 28 November 1919 after having transported some 48,000 passengers to Europe and 34,000 back to the United States. George Washington was turned over to USSB 28 January 1920 and in 1921 was used to transport 250 members of the American Legion to France as guests of the French Government. The vessel was then reconditioned by USSB for transatlantic service, and chartered by the U.S. Mail Steamship Company, for whom she made one voyage to Europe in March 1921. The company was taken over by the Government August 1921 and its name changed to the United States Lines. George Washington served the Line on the transatlantic route until 1931 when she was laid up in the Patuxent River, Md.
[edit] World War II
George Washington was reacquired for Navy use from the Maritime Commission 28 January 1941 and commissioned USS Catlin (AP-19) 13 March 1941 in honor of Brigadier General Albertus W. Catlin, USMC. It was found, however, that the coal-burning engines did not give the required speed for protection against submarines, and she decommissioned 26 September 1941. Because of their great need for ships in 1941, Great Britain took the ship over under Lend-Lease 29 September 1941 as George Washington, but they too found after one voyage to Newfoundland that her engines rendered her unfit for combat service and returned her to the WSA 17 April 1942.
The ship was next operated under General Agency Agreement by the Waterman Steamship Co., Mobile, Ala., and made a voyage to Panama. After her return 5 September 1942 the WSA assigned George Washington to be converted to an oil-burner at Todd Shipbuilding's Brooklyn Yard. When she emerged 17 April 1943, the transport was chartered by the Army and made a voyage to Casablanca and back to New York with troops April to May 1943. In July she sailed from New York to the Panama Canal, thence to Los Angeles and Brisbane, Australia. Returning to Los Angeles, she sailed again in September to Bombay, India, Cape Town, and arrived at New York to complete her round-the-world voyage in December 1943. In January 1944 George Washington began regular service to the United Kingdom and the Mediterranean, again carrying troops in support of the decisive Allied onslaught on Europe from the sea. She made frequent stops at Le Havre, Southampton, and Liverpool. During a 10-day journey as one of four transports in an eleven-ship convoy transporting US troops of the U.S. 100th Division from New York City to Marseilles, France in October 1944, she encountered a hurricane for 48 hours beginning on October 12th during which the rudder needed repair.
George Washington was taken out of service and returned to the Maritime Commission 21 April 1947. She remained tied to a pier at Baltimore, Md., until a fire damaged her 16 January 1951 and she was subsequently sold for scrap to Boston Metals Corp. 13 February 1951.
[edit] References
- This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
