Stellenbosch

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Stellenbosch from Botmaskop mountain looking towards Cape Town

Stellenbosch (pronounced /ˈstɛlənbɒs/)^[1][2] is the second oldest European settlement in the Western Cape Province, South Africa after Cape Town, and is situated about 50 kilometers (30 mi) away along the banks of the Eerste Rivier. The town became known as the City of Oaks or Eikestad in Afrikaans and Dutch due to the large number of oak trees that were planted by the founder to grace the streets and homesteads.^[3]

The town is home to the University of Stellenbosch. The Technopark is a modern corporate and research complex situated on the southern side of the town near the Stellenbosch Golf Course.

Stellenbosch is said to be the heart of Afrikanerdom due to the large number of academics and students who have lived and studied there.

[edit] History

A typical Cape Dutch style house in Stellenbosch

The town was founded in 1679 by the Governor of the Cape Colony, Simon van der Stel, who named it after himself — Stellenbosch means "(van der) Stel's forest". It is situated on the banks of the Eerste River ("First River"), so named as it was the first new river he reached and followed when Jan van Riebeeck sent him from Cape Town on an expedition over the Cape Flats to explore the territory towards what is now known as Stellenbosch. The town grew so quickly that it became an independent local authority in 1682 and the seat of a magistrate with jurisdiction over 25 000 square kilometers (9,700 sq mi) in 1685.

The Dutch were skilled in hydraulic engineering and they devised a system of furrows to direct water from the Eerste River in the vicinity of Thibault Street through the town along van Riebeeck Street to Mill Street where a mill was erected.^[4][5] Early visitors commented on the oak trees and gardens.^[3][6]

Soon after the first settlers arrived, especially the French Huguenots, grapes were planted in the fertile valleys around Stellenbosch and soon it became the centre of the South African wine industry.^[4] The first school had been opened in 1683 but education in the town began in earnest in 1859 with the opening of a seminary for the Dutch Reformed Church and a gymnasium which known as het Stellenbossche Gymnasium was established in 1866. In 1874 some higher classes became Victoria College and then in 1918 University of Stellenbosch. The first men's hostel to be established in Stellenbosch was Wilgenhof. In 1909 an old boy of the school, Paul Roos, captain of the first team to be called the Springboks, was invited to become the sixth rector of the school. He remained rector till 1940. On his retirement the school's name was changed to Paul Roos Gymnasium.

In the early days of the Second Boer War (1899-1902) Stellenbosch was one of the British military bases, and was used as a 'remount' camp; and in consequence of officers who had not distinguished themselves at the front being sent back to it, the expression 'to be Stellenbosched' came into use; so much so, that in similar cases officers were spoken of as 'Stellenbosched' even if they were sent to some other place.

[edit] Population

Stellenbosch has a population of around 117 713 as of the year 2001, not counting students. This estimate is based on formally housed residents. As such it is almost certainly understated, as the Stellenbosch region also includes a number of informal settlements. The population of Stellenbosch is primarily Afrikaans speaking, with large English and Xhosa speaking minorities. The black population mostly speaks Xhosa as their home language, with whites speaking Afrikaans or English, the coloured (mixed-race and khoisan decent) is primarily Afrikaans speaking and are in the majority.

In 1833 the population for the Stellenbosch District was 16137.^[7] This comprised 8555 slaves, 6066 'Whites', 1220 'Hottentots', and 296 'Free Blacks'.

[edit] Climate and geography

Stellenbosch's eastern suburbs in the winter months. Snow on the Jonkershoek Mountains with the prominent peak "The Twins" (1494m) visible

Stellenbosch is located just 55km to the east of Cape Town. Stellenbosch is in a hilly region of the Cape Winelands and is sheltered in a valley at an elevation of approximately 100m, flanked on the west by Papegaaiberg (Afrikaans: Parrot Mountain), actually a hill. The south and east are high mountains, with Stellenbosch Mountain to the south, and Simonsberg (Afrikaans:Simon's Mountain), Jonkershoek Mountains and Great Drakenstein Mountains to the east and south-east. The Pieke (1494m) (Afrikaans:The Twins) is a signature peak of the Stellenbosch region, the highest being Victoria Peak (1590m).

The soils are dark alluvial to clay soils and combined with the well-drained, hilly terrain and Mediterranean climate prove ideal for viticulture. Summers are dry and warm to hot, with some February and March days rising to over 30°C. Winters are cool, rainy and sometimes quite windy, with daytime temperatures averaging 16°C. Snow is usually seen a couple times in winter on the surrounding mountains. Spring and autumn are shoulder seasons and daytime temperatures hover in the 20°C's.

[edit] Sport

Cricket is the most popular sport. Stellenbosch hosted the ICC Women's World Cup Qualifier, which was initially to be played in Pakistan but moved to South Africa due to Security concerns. South Africa's Women's Team came out victorious beating Pakistan in the finals.

[edit] Viticulture and winemaking

Vineyards around Stellenbosch

The Stellenbosch, Paarl and Franschhoek valleys form the Cape Winelands, the largest of the two main wine growing regions in South Africa. The South African wine industry produces about 1,000,000,000 litres of wine annually. Stellenbosch is the primary location for viticulture and viticulture research. Professor Perold was the first Professor of Viticulture at Stellenbosch University. The Stellenbosch wine route, established in 1971 is world renowned and popular tourist destination.

The area has a mediterranean-type climate, with dry hot summers, cold wet winters. It is at the start of the Cape Fold mountains, which have created soil favourable to vines. Grapes are grown primarily for wine, not as table grapes.

[edit] Stellenbosch University

Main article: Stellenbosch University

Stellenbosch University is one of South Africa's leading universities. This institution has a rich history dating back to 1863 and has 10 faculties, including Engineering, Commerce, Science and Arts.

The University currently has about 25,000 students. Although the official language of the university is Afrikaans, most post-graduate courses are presented in English.

[edit] List of suburbs

• Arbeidslus
• Brandwacht
• Cloetesville
• Dalsig
• De Zalze
• Dennesig
• Die Boord, previously Rhodes Fruit Farms
• Die Rant
• Idas Valley
• Jamestown
• Karindal
• Krigeville
• Kayamandi
• Welbedaght
• La Colline
• Mostertsdrift
• Onderpapegaaiberg, previously known as Voëltjiesdorp
• Paradyskloof
• Plankenberg
• Rozendal
• Simonswyk
• Techno Park
• Tennantville
• Town central
• Uniepark
• Universiteitsoord
• Welgevonden

[edit] History of selected suburbs

[edit] Kayamandi

Although parts of Kayamandi may currently appear to be an informal settlement it was originally a small suburb reserved for the exclusive use of Xhosas.

[edit] Notable entrepreneurs

• Anton Rupert
• Kees Bruynzeel
• Willy Heuer

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Stellenbosch

• Stellenbosch writers - a wealth of information
• Official Stellenbosch website - includes a number of photos and maps
• Official Stellenbosch Wine Valley & Tourist information guide
• Cape Winelands Tourism your guide to Winelands accommodation, holiday and visitor information
• Wikitravel article
• [1] Helderberg community site
• Stellenbosch Scenic Pictures

Coordinates: 33°55′12″S, 18°51′36″E

	v • d • e Municipalities and Communities of Cape Winelands District Municipality, Western Cape District Seat: Stellenbosch
Local municipalities	Witzenberg • Drakenstein • Stellenbosch • Breede Valley • Breede River/Winelands
Cities and towns	Amstelhof • Arbeidslus • Ashbury • Ashton • Avian Park • Bella Vista • Bennetsville • Berg-En-Dal • Bergsig • Bonnievale • Brandvlei • Brandwacht • Ceres • Charlston Hill • Chicago • Chris Hani • Cloetesville • Coetzenburg • Courtrai • Dal Josafat • Dalsig • Dalvale • De Doorns • De Zoete Inval • Denneburg • Devon Park • Devonvallei • Die Boord • Drommedaris • Dwarsrivier • Ekupuvmeleni • Esselen Park • Fairyland • Florian Park • Franschhoek • Gouda • Green Oaks • Groendal • Groenheuwel • Groenvlei • Happy Valley • Hassie Square • Hexpark • Hillcrest • Hospital Park • Huguenot • Idas Valley • Johnsons Park • Karindal • Khayamandi • Kingston Town • Klapmuts • Klein Nederburg • Klein Parys • Kleingeluk • Krigeville • Kromrivier • Kylemore • La Colline • Langerug • Languedoc • Langvlei • Lemoenkloof • Mandela Square • Mbekweni • McGregor • Meirings Park • Meulstroom • Milky Town • Montagu • Montana • Mostertsdrift • Nduli • New Look • New Orleans • Nkqubela • Noble Park • Op-die-Berg • Paarl • Paglande • Panorama • Papegaaiberg • Paradyskloof • Parkersdam • Pine Valley • Plankenbrug • Pniel • Prince Alfred Hamlet • Rawsonville • Reunion Park • Riverview • Robertson • Robertsvlei • Rolihlahla • Roodewal • Roux Park • Rozendal • Saron • Simonswyk • Skurweberg • Smartie Town • Somerset Park • Steinthal • Stellenbosch • Touwsrivier • Tulbagh • Uniepark • Van Riebeeck Park • Van Wyks Vlei • Victor Verster • Victoria Park • Vrykyk • Webersvallei • Welgelegen • Wellington • Weltevrede • Wemmershoek • Witzenville • Wolseley • Worcester • Zweletemba •