Sodium laureth sulfate

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Sodium laureth sulfate
Identifiers
CAS number [009004-82-4]
Properties
Molecular formula CH3(CH2)10CH2(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na
C11+nH23+4nNaO4+nS
Molar mass around 420 g/mol
(274.35 + 44.05n) g mol−1
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Sodium laureth sulfate, or sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), is a detergent and surfactant found in many personal care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.). It is an inexpensive and very effective foamer.

Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)10CH2(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na. Sometimes the number represented by "n" is specified in the name, for example laureth-2 sulfate. The commercial product is heterogeneous, both in the length of the alkyl chain (12 being the mode of the number of carbon atoms), and in the number of ethoxyl groups, where n is the mean. n=3 is common in commercial products. SLES can be derived from ethoxylation of dodecyl alcohol used to make SDS.

Sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate or SLS) and ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) are commonly used alternatives to SLES in consumer products.[1]

While SLS is a known irritant,[2][3] some evidence and research suggest that SLES can also cause irritation after extended exposure.[4][5]


Contents

[edit] Toxicology

The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) and the American Cancer Society have stated that the common belief that SLES is a carcinogen is an urban legend, a view confirmed by toxicology research by the OSHA, NTP, and IARC.[6] SLES and SLS, and subsequently the products containing them, have been found to contain parts-per-thousand to parts-per-million levels of 1,4-dioxane, with the recommendation that these levels be monitored.[7] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers 1,4-dioxane to be a probable human carcinogen (having observed an increased incidence of cancer in controlled animal studies, but not in epidemiological studies of workers using the compound), and a known irritant (with a no-observed-adverse-effects level of 400 milligrams per cubic meter).[8] While the U.S. Food and Drug Administration encourages manufacturers to remove this contaminant, it is not currently required by federal law.[9]

[edit] Alternative names

AI3 – 00356, Akyposal SDS, Aquarex ME, Aquarex methyl, Avirol 101, Avirol 118 conc, Berol 452, Carsonol SLS, Carsonol SLS Paste B, Carsonol SLS Special, Conco sulfate WA, Conco sulfate WA – 1200, Conco sulfate WA – 1245, Conco Sulfate WAG, Conco Sulfate WAN, Conco Sulfate WAS, Conco sulfate WN, CP 75424, Cycloryl 21, Cycloryl 31, Cycloryl 580, Cycloryl 585N, Dehydag sulfate GL emulsion, Dehydag sulphate GL emulsion, Detergent 66, Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt, Dodecyl sodium sul fate, Dodecyl sulfate sodium, n - Dodecyl sulfate sodium, Dodecyl sulfate, sodium salt, Dreft, Duponal, Duponal WAQE, Duponol, Duponol C, Duponol ME, Duponol methyl, Duponol QX, Duponol WA, Duponol WA Dry, Duponol WAQ, Duponol WAQA, Duponol WAQE, Duponol WAQM, EMAL O, EMAL 10, Emersal 6400, Empicol LPZ, Empicol LS 30, Empicol LX 28, Emulsifier No. 104, Finasol osr (sub 2), Gardinol, Hexamol SLS, Incronol SLS, Irium, Jordanol SL – 300, Lanette wax – S, Laurylsiran sodny (Czech), Lauryl sodium sulfate, Lauryl sulfate, sodium salt, Maprofix 563, Maprofix LK, Maprofix NEU, Maprofix WAC, Maprofix wac – LA, Melanol CL, Melanol CL 30, Monododecyl sodium sul fate, Monogen Y 100, Montopol LA paste, NCI - C50191, Neutrazyme, Nikkol SLS, Odoripon AL 95, Orvus WA paste, P and G emulsifier 104, Perlandrol L, Product No. 75, Product No. 161, Quolac EX – UB, Rewopol NLS 30, Richonol A, Richonol AF, Richonol C, SDS, Sinnopon LS 95, Sinnopon LS 100, Sintapon L, Sipex OP, Sipex SB, Sipex SD, Sipex SP, Sipex UB, Sipon LS, Sipon LS 100, Sipon LSB, Sipon PD, Sipon WD, SLS, Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Sodium n - dodecyl sulfate, Sodium dodecyl sulphate, Sodium lauryl sulfate, Sodium lauryl sulphate, Sodium monododecyl sulfate, Sodium monolauryl sulfate, Solsol needles, Standapol 112 conc, Standapol WA – AC, Standapol WAQ, Standapol WAQ Special, Standapol WAS 100, Steinapol NLS 90, Stepanol ME, Stepanol ME Dry, Stepanol ME Dry AW, Stepanol methyl, Stepanol methyl dry AW, Stepanol T 28, Stepanol WA, Stepanol WA – 100, Stepanol WAC, Stepanol WA paste, Stepanol WAQ, Sterling WA paste, Sterling WAQ – CH, Sterling waq – cosmetic, Sulfetal L 95, Sulfopon WA 1, Sulfopon WA 2, Sulfopon WA 3, Sulfopon WA 1 special, Sulfotex WA, Sulfotex WALA, Swascol 3L, Swascol 4L, Swascol 1P, Syntapon, Syntapon L, Syntapon L pasta (Czech), Tarapon K 12, Texapon DL conc., Texapon K12, Texapon K – 1296, Texapon L 100, Texapon V HC, Texapon V HC powder, Texapon ZHC, Texapon Z high conc. Needles, Trepenol WA, TVM 474, Ultra sulfate SL – 1, WAQE, Witcolate A, Witcolate A powder, Witcolate C.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Sodium Laureth Sulfate POE(2). Chemical Land 21, Seoul, Korea. Product Identification
  2. ^ Agner T. Susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to irritant dermatitis caused by sodium lauryl sulphate. Acta Derm Venereol. 1991;71(4):296-300. Abstract
  3. ^ A. Nassif, S. C. Chan, F. J. Storrs and J. M. Hanifin. Abstract: Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis. Arch Dermatol. November 1994;130(11):1402. Abstract
  4. ^ Magnusson B, Gilje O. Allergic contact dermatitis from a dish-washing liquid containing lauryl ether sulphate. Acta Derm Venereol. 1973;53(2):136-40. Abstract
  5. ^ Van Haute N, Dooms-Goossens A. Shampoo dermatitis due to cocobetaine and sodium lauryl ether sulphate. Contact Dermatitis. 1983 Mar;9(2):169. Abstract
  6. ^ Rumor: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Causes Cancer. The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association. 13, October 2000. Consumer Information
  7. ^ Roderick E. Black, Fred J. Hurley, Donald C. Havery. Occurrence of 1,4-Dioxane in Cosmetic Raw Materials and Finished Cosmetic Products. Journal of AOAC International.2001 May;84(3):666-670. Abstract
  8. ^ 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide). Hazard Summary. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Created in April 1992; Revised in January 2000. Fact Sheet
  9. ^ FDA/CFSAN--Cosmetics Handbook Part 3: Cosmetic Product-Related Regulatory Requirements and Health Hazard Issues. Prohibited Ingredients and other Hazardous Substances: 9. Dioxane

[edit] External links