Scottish Football League

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Founded	1890
President Brown McMaster

The Scottish Football League is a league of football teams in Scotland, comprising the Scottish First Division, Scottish Second Division and Scottish Third Division. Since July 2007 the league is known as the Irn-Bru Scottish Football League after a sponsorship deal with A.G. Barr was signed.

1 Founding members
2 First single-division period (1890-1893)
3 First two-division period (1893-1915)
4 Second single-division period (1915-1921)
5 Second two-division period (1921-1923)
6 First three-division period (1923-1926)
7 Third two-division period (1926-1946)
8 Second three-division period (1946-1955)
9 Fourth two-division period (1955-1975)
10 Third three-division period (1975-1994)
11 Four-division period (1994-1998)
12 Fourth three-division period (1998-)
13 Restructuring?
14 Beyond 2008-9
15 See also
16 References
17 External links

[edit] Founding members

The Scottish League's first season of competition was in 1890-91. The original clubs in membership were:

Celtic and Rangers (along with Aberdeen who joined later) have never been relegated. Heart of Midlothian and St. Mirren are still in the upper reaches of the Scottish league system although the four do not play in this league, plying their trade in the Scottish Premier League instead. Dumbarton play in the Third Division (the fourth flight) of the league. Every other club is either defunct or out of the League.

[edit] First single-division period (1890-1893)

The league was formed in the 1890s to provide the growing number of football clubs in the country with a more consistent fixture list.

In its initial season Rangers and Dumbarton topped the league on equal points. No thought of separating teams by goal average, or goal difference had been considered and the two teams played a play-off to decide the winner. The result of the play-off was a 2:2 draw and both teams were declared joint winners, each taking possession of the trophy for six months. This was only occasion in which the Scottish league was tied. Goal average was only brought in for the 1921/22 and replaced by goal difference for the 1971/72 season.^[1]

[edit] First two-division period (1893-1915)

The league proved to be highly successful, and in 1893 a Second Division was formed by the inclusion of a number of clubs previously in the Scottish Football Alliance. Promotion was initially based on a ballot of clubs; automatic promotion was not introduced until 1922.

[edit] Second single-division period (1915-1921)

The onset of World War I saw the Second Division being suspended, not being reintroduced until 1921 when the Central Football League was absorbed as a new division with automatic promotion.

[edit] Second two-division period (1921-1923)

[edit] First three-division period (1923-1926)

In 1923, the League decided to introduce a Third Division. The Western Football League (in Scotland) was used as its backbone but the new set-up lasted only three years before it collapsed under heavy financial losses.

[edit] Third two-division period (1926-1946)

From 1926 until 1946, the League returned to two divisions. Post-World War II reforms saw the League resume with three divisions.

[edit] Second three-division period (1946-1955)

Postwar seasons saw the divisions renamed 'A', 'B' and 'C' with the last section also including reserve sides. In 1949, the 'C' Division was expanded to two sections - North-West and South-East.

[edit] Fourth two-division period (1955-1975)

The withdrawal of the reserves from 'C' Division in 1955 saw a return to two divisions which would last until the formation of the Premier Division in 1975.

[edit] Third three-division period (1975-1994)

This change of structure split the league into three divisions, Premier, First, and Second Divisions. This permitted more frequent fixtures between the top clubs; the expectation was that meant greater revenue for them, and it was hoped it would stimulate greater interest, at a time when attendance at league matches had dropped alarmingly. A new club entered the league - Meadowbank Thistle - who were Edinburgh's third league team ( who would eventually become Livingston F.C. in 1995. )

This three-divisional structure (of 38 clubs) continued until 1994.

[edit] Four-division period (1994-1998)

After a couple of decades, the league again reorganised, with four divisions of 10 clubs, as Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Ross County were elected to round out the league.

[edit] Fourth three-division period (1998-)

In 1998 the Premier Division clubs split from the league to form the Scottish Premier League (SPL).

The remaining leagues, of ten clubs each, kept their names and the Premier Division was not reconstituted, leaving First, Second and Third Divisions.

When the SPL expanded to 12 clubs in 2000, the SFL took in two new members in a further round of league enlargement with Elgin City and Peterhead joining from the Highland League. This brought the Scottish Leagues up to 42 teams - 12 in the Scottish Premier League and 10 in each of the three Scottish Football League divisions.

Gala Fairydean have been rejected from the Scottish League at each time of asking, despite having a setup and facilities arguably better than some of their opponents. Other teams that have fallen at this hurdle include Whitehill Welfare.

Scottish club Gretna, who had previously played in the English Northern Premier League, were admitted in 2002 to replace the defunct Airdrieonians. Shortly afterwards Airdrie United who came second in the process when Gretna were chosen to fill the gap created by Airdrieonians' demise, simply purchased ailing side Clydebank F.C., renaming then and moving them to Airdrie.

Each season the winners of the First Division are eligible to be promoted to the Scottish Premier League providing their stadium meets certain criteria. As of March 2005, these criteria include priority tenancy or ownership of a stadium with at least 6,000 seats, and an undersoil heating system for the pitch. Falkirk F.C.'s failure to meet these demands resulted in their being refused promotion despite winning the First Division in 2002/03; at that time, the SPL required 10,000 seats for its member clubs. They have since built a new stadium with an all-seater capacity of 7,000, and prompted by a campaign by Inverness Caledonian Thistle, the SPL reduced its seating requirement to 6,000, making them now eligible to join the SPL, having won the First Division again in 2004/05.

Promotion and relegation between the First and Second Division, and the Second and Third Division, are currently decided using a combination of automatic movement and playoffs.

Rangers have won the greatest number of league titles in the league's history, with 51 national championships (including SPL titles) to their name.

[edit] Restructuring?

“	"Our review of non-financial matters indicate an organisation which is not wholly suited to the modern-day business environment, or the size of the league."	”
—Pannell Kerr Foster, BBC Sport website

In March 2007, a self-conducted review found the league to be three times more expensive to run than equivalent leagues in England, with a report stating the league structure was "outdated". The report found that the Football Conference has four employees looking after 68 clubs, while the SFL has 14 people running leagues with just 30 clubs. The SFL, which runs Scotland's First, Second and Third Divisions, lacks a "commercial engine", according to the report.^[2]

[edit] Beyond 2008-9

Many people feel that the financial difficulties that have hit various clubs in recent years (Airdrieonians and Clydebank F.C. to name but two), the league's own self-review, and the later demise of Gretna demonstrate an underlying financial problem with national league football in Scotland that may eventually best be dealt with by further restructuring, including some regionalisation. A strong case can be put for having a slightly expanded First Division, with maybe 12 or 14 clubs, sitting on top of two regionalised 'Second Divisions'. This would perhaps allay any lasting fears about a second breakaway to join the existing SPL, as most First Division sides have recently played in the SPL and may welcome an expanded league and exposed television exposure. Clubs playing in the regionalised 'Second Division' would save significantly on travelling costs, and a greater number of local 'derbies' may also have a positive impact on attendances.

Assuming an expansion to divisions of 12 teams (to match the SPL), were the SFL to adopt a regionalised system for 2008-2009 (which is clearly not practical given the timescales involved), the divisions could appear thus:

'First Division': Dundee, St. Johnstone, Queen of the South, Dunfermline Athletic, Partick Thistle, Livingston, Greenock Morton, Clyde, Ross County, Airdrie United, Stirling Albion, Raith Rovers

'Second Division (North & East)': Alloa Athletic, Peterhead, Brechin City, East Fife, Arbroath, Cowdenbeath, Montrose, Elgin City, Forfar Athletic, Huntly*, Deveronvale*, Cove Rangers*

'Second Division (South, Central & West)': Ayr United, Queen's Park, Stranraer, Berwick Rangers, Stenhousemuir, Albion Rovers, Dumbarton, East Stirlingshire, Annan Athletic*, Preston Athletic*, Spartans*, Gala Fairydean*

(* identifies clubs currently playing in either the Highland League or the East of Scotland Football League who may apply to become members of the SFL under such an arrangement and whose grounds would be of sufficient standard for 'league football').

Promotion and relegation could follow the current one up, one down system ('First Division' to SPL), with either 2 or 3 teams being relegated from the 'First Division' to the two regionalised 'Second Divisions'. By having three teams relegated, it would be possible for the two 'Second Division' winners to be promoted along with one other side found via a series of play-offs, which are currently in use and popular.