Saulteaux

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Saulteaux (also Salteaux; pronounced /ˈsoʊtoʊ/) are a First Nation in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada.

Contents

[edit] Ethnic classification

The Saulteaux are a branch of the Ojibwa nation. They are sometimes also called Anihšināpē (Anishinaabe). Saulteaux is a French language term meaning "people of the rapids," referring to their former location about Sault Ste. Marie. Because of their location, they farmed little and were mainly hunters and fishers.

[edit] Location

The Saulteaux were originally settled around Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg, principally in the Sault Ste. Marie and northern Michigan areas. White Canadians and Americans gradually pushed the tribe westwards to Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, with one community in British Columbia. Today most of them live in the Interlake, southern part of Manitoba, and in Saskatchewan; because they lived on land ill-suited for European crops, they were able to keep much of their land. Generally, the Saulteaux are divided into three major divisions.

[edit] Ontario Saulteaux

Eastern Saulteaux, bettern known as the Ontario Saulteaux, are located about Lake of the Woods in Northwestern Ontario and southeastern Manitoba. Many of the Ontario Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 3. Their form of Anishinaabemowin (Anishinaabe language) is sometimes called Northwestern Ojibwa language (ISO 639-3: OJB) or simply as Ojibwemowin (Ojibwe language), though English is the first language of many members. The Ontario Saulteaux culture is that of the Eastern Woodlands culture.

[edit] Manitoba Saulteaux

Central Saulteaux, bettern known as Manitoba Saulteaux, are found primarily in eastern and southern Manitoba, extending west into southern Saskatchewan. Together with the Western Saulteaux, the Manitoba Saulteaux are sometimes called Plains Ojibwe. Many of the Manitoba Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 1. The Manitoba Saulteaux culture is a transitional one from Eastern Woodlands culture of their Ontario Saulteaux neighbours and Plains culture of the Western Saulteaux neighbours. Often, the term "Bungee" is used to describe either the Manitoba Saulteaux or their Métis population, with the language used by their Métis population described as the Bungee language.

[edit] Western Saulteaux

Western Saulteaux are found primarily in central Saskatchewan, but extend east into southwestern Manitoba and west into central Alberta and eastern British Columbia. These Saulteaux call themselves Nakawē (ᓇᐦᑲᐌ)—a general term for the Saulteaux. To the neighbouring Plains Cree, they are known as the Nahkawiyiniw (ᓇᐦᑲᐏᔨᓂᐤ), a word of related etymology. Their form of Anishinaabemowin (Anishinaabe language), known as Nakawēmowin (ᓇᐦᑲᐌᒧᐎᓐ) or Western Ojibwa language (ISO 639-3: OJW), is an Algonquian language, although like most First Nations, English is the first language of most members. Many of the Western Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 4. The Western Saulteaux culture is that of the Plains culture.

[edit] Communities

Population figures are as of July 2006, unless noted otherwise.
  • Big Grassy First Nation, Morson, ON (population 632)
  • Cote First Nation, Kamsack, SK (population 2,979)
  • Couchiching First Nation, Fort Frances, ON (population 1,950)
  • Cowessess First Nation, Cowessess, SK (population 3,418)
  • Eagle Lake First Nation, Migisi Sahgaigan, ON (population 159 in 1991)
  • Ebb and Flow First Nation, Ebb and Flow, MB
  • Gordon First Nation, Punnichy, SK (population 2,938)
  • Keeseekoose First Nation, Kamsack, SK (population 2,033)
  • Key First Nation, Norquay, SK (population 420 in 2001)
  • Muscowpetung First Nation, Fort Qu'Appelle SK (population 1,133)
  • Muskoday First Nation Muskoday, SK (population 1,552)—primarily Cree but historically part Saulteaux
  • Muskowekwan First Nation Lestock, SK (population 1,460)
  • Naicatchewenin First Nation, Devlin, ON (population 353)
  • Naotkamegwanning First Nation, Pawitik, ON (population 1,047)
  • Nigigoonsiminikaaning (Nicickousemenecaning) First Nation, Fort Frances, ON (population 268)
  • O'Chiese First Nation, Rocky Mountain House, AB (population 882)
  • Pasqua First Nation, Fort Qu'Appelle, SK (population 1,716)
  • Pine Creek First Nation, Pine Creek MB (population 2,592)
  • Pauingassi First Nation, Pauingass, MB (population 561)
  • Poplar River First Nation, Poplar River, MB (population 1152)
  • Rainy River First Nations, Manitou Rapids, ON (population 410)
  • Sagkeeng First Nation Fort Alexander, MB (population 6,768)
  • Sakimay First Nations, Grenfell, SK (population 1,364)
  • Saulteau First Nations, Moberly Lake, BC (population 818 in 2005)
  • Saulteaux First Nation, Cochin, SK (population 1,102)
  • Seine River First Nation, Mine Centre, ON (population 678)
  • Shoal Lake No. 40, Shoal Lake, ON (population 522)
  • Swan Lake First Nation, Swan Lake, MB (population 1,167)
  • Yellow Quill Band of Saulteaux (Historical)
    • Fishing Lake First Nation, Wadena, SK (population 1,483)
    • Kinistin First Nation, Tisdale, SK (population 836)
    • Yellow Quill First Nation, Yellow Quill, SK (population 2,475)

[edit] Notable Saulteaux

[edit] External links

Languages