Sarasota, Florida
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Sarasota | |
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| Nickname: Paradise | |
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country |  United States |
| State |  Florida |
| County | Sarasota |
| Incorporated | 1902 |
| Government | |
| - Type | Commission-Manager |
| - Mayor | Lou Ann Palmer |
| - City Manager | Robert J. Bartolotta |
| Area [1] | |
| - Total | 25.93 sq mi (67.2 km²) |
| - Land | 14.89 sq mi (38.6 km²) |
| - Water | 11.04 sq mi (28.6 km²) 42.58% |
| Elevation [2] | 16 ft (7 m) |
| Population (1 July 2005)[3] | |
| - Total | 52,715 |
| - Density | 3,539.8/sq mi (1,366.7/km²) |
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) |
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 34230 - 34243 |
| Area code(s) | 941 |
| FIPS code | 12-64175[4] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0290675[5] |
| Website: http://www.sarasotagov.com | |
Sarasota is a city in Sarasota County on the Southwestern coast of Florida, USA. Its official limits include Sarasota Bay and several barrier islands between the bay and the Gulf of Mexico. These islands (known as keys) include Siesta Key and Lido Key and are famous worldwide for the quality of their beaches. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Sarasota had a population of 54,349 in 2004.[1]. Sarasota is a principal city of the Sarasota-Bradenton-Venice, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the seat of Sarasota County.
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[edit] History
[edit] Prehistorical data
Fifteen thousand years ago, when humans first settled in Florida, the shoreline of the Gulf of Mexico was one hundred miles further to the west. In this era, hunting and gathering was the primary means of subsistence. This was only possible in areas where water sources existed for hunter and prey alike. Deep springs and catchment basins, such as Warm Mineral Springs, were close enough to the Sarasota area to provide camp sites, but too far away for permanent settlements. As the Pleistocene glaciers slowly melted, a more temperate climate began to advance southward. Sea levels began rising; they ultimately rose another 350 feet, resulting in the Florida shoreline of today.
Archaeological research in Sarasota documents more than ten thousand years of seasonal occupation by native peoples. For five thousand years while the current sea level existed, fishing in Sarasota Bay was the primary source of protein. Europeans first explored the area in the early 1500s. The first recorded contact was in 1513, when a Spanish expedition landed at Charlotte Harbor, just to the south. When the natives encountered the Spaniards, they insulted them in Spanish before a preemptive attack. Apparently, some natives had made previous contact with the Spaniards — enough to learn a few words and much suspicion.
[edit] Pioneer families
European settlers arrived in significant numbers in the late 1840s. The area already had a name—'Zara Zote'—on maps dating back to the early 1700s. The initial settlers were attracted by the climate and Sarasota Bay.
Joseph Daniel Anderson was one of the first pioneers and an early Sarasota leader. Following is a transcript from a Sarasota County historical marker that resides in a park dedicated to him on Manasota Key, in southern Sarasota County.
"After the Civil War, many Georgians moved their families to Southern Florida. Joseph Daniel "Jody" Anderson, born in Georgia in 1867, was a child when his father moved to the Tampa/Sara Sota area. In 1884, Joseph became the head of the Anderson family. Two years later, he moved his family to Southern Manatee County. He homesteaded the land in the Mystic River (Forked Creek) Valley. In 1890 he married Helen Alice Johnson of Sarasota. They had eleven children. Eight survived.
With only hand tools, Anderson converted the Florida wilderness into an agricultural industry. This fertile land produced vegetables, sugar cane and citrus. In the vast Myakka/Pinedale area, he raised his cattle and swine. He and brother Moses "Lee" prospered in ranching until the Range Law Act curtailed the right to use this land for grazing.
Sleds (later wagons) were used to move the farm produce, fruit and cattle to Lemon Bay where they were transferred to draft boats and transported to ships at Boca Grande. Some of the wagons were rafted across the bay to Manasota Beach where the produce was ferried to Cuban smacks and later to American schooners.
Anderson pioneered commercial fishing in North Lemon Bay which teemed with schools of mullet and other fish. The Andersons fished with nets made of cotton and flax twine over which they poured a heavy lime solution to prevent rot. Their base of operation included land storage facilities on the shore and on the beach (Manasota) to salt, dry and pack the fish in barrels. Upon the arrival of run boats with ice from Tampa, the Andersons could ship fresh fish and produce.
Joseph Daniel "Jody" Anderson was a quiet family man who never sought publicity. However, before Sarasota County was organized, he served as deputy sheriff and game warden in the Pinedale/Manasota area. The Anderson family built the area's first school (Pinedale) of which Jody was trustee. He also organized the first church in the area. Anderson actively supported the creation of Sarasota County from Manatee County and in 1922, became the first elected county commissioner from District 4. After the death of his first wife, he married Mary Ethel Morgan with whom he raised four more children. Joseph Daniel Anderson died in 1939."
William Whitaker, born in Savannah, Georgia in 1821, is the first documented pioneer of European descent to settle permanently in what is now the city of Sarasota.[6] Before his arrival, both Cuban and American fishermen had built fish camps or ranchos along Sarasota Bay, but these were not used throughout the year. After time spent along the Manatee River at the village of Manatee, Whitaker built upon Yellow Bluffs, just north of present day Eleventh Street. He sold dried fish and roe to Cuban traders working the coast. In 1847, he began a cattle business.
In 1851, Whitaker married Mary Jane Wyatt, a member of a pioneer family who had settled the village of Manatee. They raised eleven children on Yellow Bluffs despite the hardships faced by solitary pioneers. This included a raid that destroyed their home. It was made by a formerly friendly Seminole chief, Holata Micco, dubbed Billy Bowlegs, after whom Bowlees Creek may have been named. The Whitakers rebuilt and prospered. Their homestead site has not been preserved.
In 1867, the Webb family from Utica, New York, came to Florida looking for a place to settle. After arriving in Key West, the pioneer family met a Spanish trader. He told them about a high bluff of land on Sarasota Bay that would make a good location for a homestead. The site was further south from Whitaker's settlement, in an area near what is now the city of Osprey. When the Webbs arrived in the area looking for the bluff, they described it to Bill Whitaker. He led them right to it. After settling, they named their homestead "Spanish Point," in honor of the trader.
The Webbs had to travel quite a distance for their mail for nearly twenty years. In 1884, John Webb finally petitioned for a separate postal address for Spanish Point. They chose Osprey as their postal address, since federal regulations required the use of only one word for the new address. A separate town eventually grew around that postal address. Although there is no similar documentation regarding the name of Sarasota, that federal one-word rule for postal designations may be the reason that Zara Zota or Sara Sota became Sarasota.
[edit] Twentieth century
Bertha Palmer (Bertha Honoré Palmer) was the region's largest landholder, rancher, and developer at the turn of the twentieth century. In 1914, she bought 16,000 acres (65 km²) of land as an exclusive hunting preserve in what is now Temple Terrace, Florida (near Tampa) in Hillsborough County which she called Riverhills Ranch. During the 1920's Mrs. Palmer also owned a large tract of land that is now Myakka State Park. During this period of time this land was operated as a ranch. Mrs. Palmer's foreman on the ranch was Eugene B. Sweeting and several of his children were born in what is now the State Park. Gerald E. "Buck" Sweeting who was born in the Park still lives in Sarasota. Mrs. Palmer made her winter residence on the land which the Webb family had homesteaded. She quickly established Sarasota as a fashionable location for winter retreats and tourists. In her early publicity, Palmer compared the beauty of Sarasota Bay to the Bay of Naples, and also touted its sports fishing. As the century advanced, the bay continued to attract visitors, until overfishing depleted its marine life.
Palmer retained most of the Webb’s original structures and greatly expanded the settlement. The pioneer site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Historic Spanish Point and is open to the public for a fee.
Two McClellan sisters were also significant developers during this period. They created the McClellan Park subdivision.
The region also attracted many of the Ringling brothers who had created their wealth as circus magnates at the turn of the century. The Ringling Brothers Circus had not yet consolidated as a single entity.
John and Mable Ringling developed their estate on property that had been part of the Shell Beach subdivision platted by Mary Louise and Charles N. Thompson in 1895. The Thompson home was the first residence on the property. From 1911 Mable and John Ringling spent their winter stays in that house. Along with being a land developer, Thompson was a manager with another circus. He attracted several members of the Ringling family to Sarasota as a winter retreat as well as for investments in land.
First, the Alf T. Ringling family settled in the Whitfield Estates area with extensive land holdings. The families of Charles and John Ringling followed, living farther to the south. Soon, children and members of the extended family increased the presence of the Ringling family in Sarasota. Ringling Brothers Circus established its winter home in Sarasota during 1919 following the death of Alf T., when Charles Ringling assumed many of his duties.
Charles Thompson had joined the staff of the Ringling Brothers circus when it began to purchase smaller or failing circuses, and operate them separately. In 1919, these holdings were consolidated into one huge circus, billed as "the greatest show on Earth". Only two of the original five founding brothers now survived, but members of their families continued to participate in the business or serve on its board of directors. Performers and staff members began to settle in Sarasota, and established the Ringling Circus as part of the Sarasota community.
Sarasota was incorporated as a town in 1902 with John Hamilton Gillespie as mayor. It was replatted in 1912 and incorporated as a city in 1913. Following the end of World War I, an economic boom began in Sarasota. The city was flooded with new people seeking jobs, investment, and the chic social milieu.
On adjacent parcels of Shell Beach where Ellen and Ralph Caples built their winter retreat, Mable and John Ringling built their compound. It would soon include the museum. Edith and Charles Ringling built a compound that included a home for their daughter, Hester Ringling Landcaster Sandford. The next large Shell Beach parcel, immediately to the north, passed between Ellen Caples, Mable and John Ringling and a few others several times without development until 1947. It was then developed as the Uplands. Some other historic names associated with that parcel are Bertha Potter Palmer, her sons Lockwood and Honore, and A. B. Edwards, whose names are featured as familiar street names.
The tract abutting that parcel was replatted in 1925 as Seagate, where Gwendolyn and Powel Crosley built their winter retreat in 1929. All of these historic homes and the museum have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The now-historic neighborhood of Indian Beach Sapphire Shores grew immediately to the south of the area where these grand homes were built on the bay. Sapphire Shores provided homes to the professionals and retirees who wished to be, or were, closely associated with these wealthiest residents of the community. Indian Beach, which had been a separate community at one time, contained pioneer homes that survived among the fashionable new homes built in the boom era of the 1920s.
[edit] Charles Ringling as developer
Charles Ringling invested in land, developed property and founded a bank. He participated in Sarasota's civic life and gave advice to other entrepreneurs starting new businesses in Sarasota. He donated land for the newly formed county to build its government offices and courthouse.
Ringling Boulevard was named for him. It is a winding road leading east from Tamiami Trail toward the winter circus headquarters. It crosses Washington Boulevard where Charles Ringling built the Sarasota Terrace Hotel, a high-rise in the Chicago style of architecture, opposite the site which Ringling would donate for the county seat.
Charles Ringling and his wife Edith began building their bayfront mansion in the early 1920s. Charles Ringling died in 1926, just after it was completed. For decades Edith Ringling remained there and continued her role in the circus and her cultural activities in the community. Her daughter Hester and her sons were also active in Sarasota's theatrical and musical venues. What came to be known internationally as the Edith Ringling Estate is now the center of the campus of New College of Florida.
[edit] John Ringling in partnership with Owen Burns
John Ringling invested heavily in the barrier islands, known as keys, which separate the shallow bay from the Gulf of Mexico. He worked in partnership with Owen Burns to develop the keys through a corporation named, Ringling Isles Estates. To facilitate development of these holdings a bridge was built to the islands by his partner, Owen Burns, and eventually donated to the city for the government to maintain. They named that route, John Ringling Boulevard. Dredge and fill created even more dry land to develop. Winter residents, called snowbirds, flocked to purchase the seasonal homes marketed to the well-to-do.
[edit] Leading edge of the Crash
The Roaring Twenties ended early for Sarasota. Florida, which was the first area in the United States to be affected by the financial problems that led to the Great Depression. In 1926 development speculation began to collapse in Florida, much earlier than most parts of the country. John Ringling initially profited from the economic crash. Ringling had put his partner, Owen Burns, into bankruptcy by using money from the treasury of their corporation for use on another project that was failing. He later purchased the landmark El Vernona Hotel from Burns at a fraction of its worth. John Ringling, too, however, lost most of his fortune. Shortly after the June 1929 death of his wife, Mable, his reversal began.
Just before the market crashed, Ringling had purchased several other circuses with hopes of combining them with the existing circus and selling shares on the stock exchange. The crash ended that plan. While Ringling continued to invest in expensive artwork, he left unfinished grand projects, such as a Ritz hotel on one of the barrier islands. He abandoned plans for an art school as an adjunct to the museum. Ringling did lend his name to an art school established by others in Sarasota. The board of the circus removed John Ringling and placed another director, Samuel Gumpertz, in charge of the corporation. By the time of his death in 1936, John Ringling was close to bankruptcy. His estate was saved only because he had willed it, together with his art collection, to the state. His nephew, John Ringling North, struggled for years to keep that legacy intact.
[edit] Recent history
In January 2006, Sarasota made national news when the National Coalition for the Homeless named it the country's "meanest city". The city's 2005 ordinance banned persons' sleeping outside on public or private property without permission.[7][8][9]
In 2008, Sarasota county's Pine View School for the Gifted was named the 6th best high school in the United States of America. According to the U.S. News report, Pine View School students have a college readiness index of 99.3.
[edit] Culture
Sarasota is the home of Florida West Coast Symphony, founded by Ruth Cotton Butler in 1949. It has a three-week Sarasota Music Festival. Other attractions include the Sarasota Ballet; Sarasota Opera; Florida Studio Theatre; The Sarasota Players; and other musical, dance, artistic, and theatrical venues.
In 1926 A. B. Edwards built a theater which could be adapted for either vaudeville performances or movie screenings. In the early 1950s, the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art purchased a historic Italian theater, the Asolo. A. Everett "Chick" Austin, the museum's first director, arranged the purchase and reassembly of the theater for performances of plays and opera. The theater was built in 1798 and disassembled during the 1930s. Adolph Loewi, a Venetian collector and dealer, had purchased the theater and stored its parts until the purchase and shipment to Sarasota for the museum. Later the theater was used for a foreign film club. When the club expanded, it built its own theater at Burns Court near downtown Sarasota.
In the 1960s the Van Wezels enabled the city to build a performing arts hall on the bay front. The auditorium, the Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin team under the direction of his wife, Olga (Olgivanna) Lazovich Hinzenburg. She selected its purple color.
Later, Stuart Barger designed and oversaw the construction of another Asolo Theater. It is a multi-theater complex, located further east on the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art property. It was built around a rococo, historic Scottish theater, which had been shipped to Florida. The new complex provides venues and facilities for students of Florida State University's theater arts and film program.
Since 1998, the city has annually hosted the Sarasota Film Festival. The festival attracts independent films from around the world. It has become one of Florida's largest film festivals.[citation needed]
The Sarasota School of Architecture has developed as a variant of mid-century modernist architecture. It incorporates elements of both the Bauhaus and Wright's "organic" architecture. The style developed as an adaptation to the area's sub-tropical climate and used newly emerging materials manufactured or implemented following World War II. Philip Hiss was the driving force of this movement.
Fellow architects creating new adaptive designs were Paul Rudolph and Ralph Twitchell. The second generation of the school includes Gene Leedy, Jack West, Victor Lundy, Mark Hampton, James Holiday, Ralph Zimmerman, as well as several who still practice in the community: William Zimmerman; Carl Abbott, Edward J. "Tim" Seibert, and Frank Folsom Smith.
Rudolph's Florida houses attracted attention in the architectural community. He started receiving commissions for larger works, such as the Jewett Art Center at Wellesley College. In 1958 Rudolph was selected as Director of the School of Architecture at Yale, shortly after designing the school's building. He led the school for six years before returning to private practice.
Sarasota is home to Mote Marine Laboratory, a marine rescue, research, and aquarium; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens; G-Wiz Museum, a science museum; and Sarasota Jungle Gardens, which carries on early tourist attraction traditions. It also has many historic sites and neighborhoods.
Colleges in Sarasota include New College of Florida, a public liberal arts college; Keiser College of Sarasota, a private college; Ringling College of Art and Design, a school of visual arts and design; and satellite campuses of Eckerd College, based in St. Petersburg, Florida; University of South Florida, based in Tampa, Florida; and Florida State University College of Medicine, based in Tallahassee, Florida. Community colleges include Sarasota County Technical Institute and Manatee Community College.
[edit] Geography
Sarasota is located at (27.337273, -82.535318).[10]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.9 mi² (67.2 km²). 14.9 mi² ( 38.6 km²) of it is land and 11.0 mi² (28.6 km²) of it is water. The total area is 42.58% water.
[edit] Demographics
As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 52,715 people, 23,427 households, and 12,064 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,539.8/mi² (1,366.9/km²). There were 26,898 housing units at an average density of 1,806.2/mi² (697.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 76.91% White, 16.02% African American, 0.35% Native American, 1.02% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 3.74% from other races, and 1.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.92% of the population.
There were 23,427 households out of which 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female head of household with no husband present, and 48.5% were non-families. 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the city the population was spread out with 18.4% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,077, and the median income for a family was $40,398. Males had a median income of $26,604 versus $23,510 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,197. About 12.4% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.5% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Historic sites
By the end of the 20th century, many of Sarasota's more modest historical structures had been lost to the wrecking ball. Condominium development erased all evidence of the Whitaker settlement along the bay. To the east of Tamiami Trail, however, their family cemetery remains on property owned by the Daughters of the American Revolution, adjacent to the city-owned Pioneer Park. Recently, two historic buildings, the Crocker Church and the Bidwell-Wood House (the oldest structure in the city), became city property. These structures were relocated to this park, despite protests from residents who objected to the loss of park area.
In the late 1970s, Sarasota County purchased the Terrace Hotel and renovated it for use as a county government office building. That structure and the adjacent courthouse have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Most of the luxurious historic residences from the 1920s boom period along the northern shore of Sarasota Bay have survived. This string of homes, built on large parcels of elevated land along the widest point of the bay, is anchored by the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art at its center. Many significant structures from the comparatively recent "Sarasota School of Architecture" period of the mid-twentieth century have not survived.
In 2006, the Sarasota County School Board slated one of Paul Rudolph's largest Sarasota projects, Riverview High School, for demolition. The board arrived at the decision despite protests by many members of the community, including architects, historic preservationists, and urban planners. Others support the demolition as they believe the structure is no longer functional. The issue remains divisive.[citation needed] The World Monuments Fund included the school in its 2008 Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites in the category "Main Street Modern."
Though the community of Sarasota is divided on the worth of Rudolph's structure, the international arts community is not. new urbanist planner and architect Andres Duany has strongly supported retention of the school. At a public meeting in January 2007 in Sarasota, Duany stated that Sarasota would lose its stature as an arts center if it allowed the demolition. The historic building is the main structure in the school complex and includes a planetarium. Plans existed to nominate Riverview High School to the National Trust for Historic Preservation's list of the most endangered historic structures in the United States, America's Most Endangered Places.
Following a March 2007 charrette led by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, a proposal was advanced to renovate and preserve Rudolph's buildings. The school board decided to allow a year to consider implementation. As of Sept. 2007, the structure's fate has not been decided.
[edit] Transportation
The city is home to Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport (also known by its IATA designation, SRQ) which serves both Manatee and Sarasota counties. That designation was adopted by SRQ Magazine, SRQ Dance Studios, and by SRQ Racing, a local automotive community, and is sometimes used by people who identify with the city and area.
[edit] Media
[edit] Television
- See also: List of TV stations in Florida
Sarasota is part of the Nielsen-designated Tampa-St. Petersburg-Sarasota television market, which is the 13th largest TV market in the United States.[11] The local television stations are ABC affiliate WWSB and SNN 6, a continuous local cable news operation run by Comcast and the Sarasota Herald-Tribune. WWSB is the only network station with studios in Sarasota. Other network programming is offered by Fort Myers and Tampa television stations.
[edit] Radio
- See also: List of radio stations in Florida
Arbitron has identified the Sarasota-Bradenton radio market as the 73rd largest market in the country,[12], and the fifth largest in the state of Florida. There are eight radio stations in the city: WSMR (89.1FM/College), WSLR (96.5FM/Variety-Talk), WKZM (104.3FM/Religious), WCTQ (106.5FM/Country), WLSS (930AM/Talk), WSRQ (1220AM/Talk), WTMY (1280AM/Talk-Business-Health), WTZB (105.9FM/Rock-Alternative Rock;commonly known as The Buzz) and WSDV (1450AM-Standards).
[edit] Print
The Sarasota Herald-Tribune is the city's daily newspaper; the Bradenton Herald from neighboring Bradenton is also distributed in the area. Additional local publications include Pelican Press, Sarasota Magazine and "Sarasota Magazine's Biz941", the Longboat Observer, Creative Loafing, and Sarasota Downtown and Beyond.
[edit] Sports
The warm climate helped the Sarasota area become a popular golf destination. The Sara Bay course in the Whitfield area was designed by golf architect Donald Ross. Many courses dot the area, including the one originally laid out for the hotel John Ringling planned on the southern tip of Longboat Key.
Sarasota also is home to Ed Smith Stadium, where the Cincinnati Reds train in spring for the upcoming season, and is home to the minor league Sarasota Reds. However, along with many other teams, the Cincinnati Reds may move their spring training location to Goodyear, Arizona. Before 1997, the city had a long association with the Chicago White Sox; both through spring training and through Sarasota's minor-league team, which was once known as the Sarasota White Sox. This predates the construction of Ed Smith Stadium in 1989.
The area YMCA is the largest and best-funded in Florida.[citation needed] Within the YMCA's three branches is one of the state's more proficient swim teams, the Sarasota YMCA Sharks which has won numerous state titles.[citation needed] Swim teams from around the nation come every summer to practice at the facilities and compete against the Sharks.
Sarasota is also the site of the annual UPA ultimate frisbee national tournament.
[edit] Sister cities
- See also: List of sister cities in Florida
Hamilton, Ontario 1990[13]
Perpignan, France 1994[14]
Tel Mond, Israel 1994[15]
Vladimir, Russia 1994[16]
Dunfermline, Scotland 2002[17]
Treviso, Italy Feb. 2007[18]
Xiamen, Fujian Province, China[19]
[edit] References
- ^ Florida by place Population, Housing Units, Area and Density:2000. US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-07-24.
- ^ Sarasota, United States Page. Falling Rain Genomics. Retrieved on 2007-07-24.
- ^ Annual Estimates of the population for the Incorporated Places of Florida (XLS). US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-07-24.
- ^ a b American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ Burnett Gene M. (1986) Florida's Past: People and Events that Shaped the State. Pineapple Press Inc., Sarasota, FL
- ^ (January 13, 2006), Report: Sarasota, Fla., the 'Meanest City'. CBS News. Cbsnews.com. Retrieved on December 28, 2007.
- ^ USA Today (January 13, 2006). Sarasota, Fla. named meanest city for homeless. Usatoday.com. Retrieved on December 28, 2007.
- ^ Brady Dennis (January 30, 2006), Tough on the homeless, city deemed heartless: Sarasota defends its no-camping ordinance that won it the top spot on a national "mean list." St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved on December 28, 2007.
- ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ Top 50 TV markets ranked by households. Northwestern University Media Management Center. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Arbitron Radio Market Rankings: Spring 2007. Arbitron. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Hamilton, Province of Ontario, Canada: 1990. Sarasota Sister Cities Association. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Perpignan, Languedoc-Roussillion, France:1994. Sarasota Sister Cities Association. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Tel Mond, Israel:1994. Sarasota Sister Cities Association. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Vladimir, Russia:1994. Sarasota Sister Cities Association. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Dunfermline, Scotland:2002. Sarasota Sister Cities Association. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Treviso,Italy:2007. Sarasota Sister Cities Association. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China:Candidate City. Sarasota Sister Cities Association. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- Jennings, David, A Tale of Two Commissions, Sarasota Alliance for Historic Preservation, Inc. Newsletter February 2005, volume twenty, number two, Box 1754, Sarasota, Florida 34230 - with illustrations of Crocker Church and Bidwell-Wood House by Kafi Benz
- LaHurd, Jeff, Sarasota, A History, The History Press, Charleston, South Carolina, IBSSN 1-59629-119-2
[edit] External links
- Sarasota, Florida is at coordinates Coordinates:
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