Sangrur
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| ?Sangrur Punjab • India |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
• 232 m (761 ft) |
| District(s) | Sangrur |
| Population | 78,717 (2001) |
| Codes • Pincode • Telephone |
• 148001 • +01672 |
| Website: sangrur.nic.in | |
Sangrur is a city in the Indian state of Punjab, India. It is the headquarters of the Sangrur district. It is located at the intersection of the roads connecting Delhi with Ludhiana and Patiala with Bathinda, at a distance of 80 km from Ludhiana and 48 km from Patiala. The Ludhiana-Jakhal railway line passes through it. The Sangrur district is predominantly rural area in the southern part of Punjab.
Contents |
[edit] History
Sangrur was the winter capital of the princely Jind State. Khunga Kothi, a place on the left bank of a canal near Jind was the summer capital[citation needed]. The city originally was a part of the Nabha State but was annexed by the Raja of Jind[citation needed]. The district of Sangrur was formed in 1948. The name of the district from its headquarters, Sangrur, said to be have founded by one Sanghu, a Jat, about 400 years back. The Sangrur District as of today comprises parts of a few erstwhile distinct administrative units, the Philkian States if Jind, Nabha and Patiala: the Muslim State of Malerkotla; and some parts of then district of Ludhiana. It is interesting to note that Sangrur itself was earlier a part of Nabha State. History of the district is, therefore, complicated, although it is traceable through its various components.
The District of Sangrur takes its name from its headquarters town, Sangrur. It is said to have been founded by one Sanghu, a Jatt, about four hundred years back.
Sangrur is one of the four districts in Patiala Division. It is, one of the southern districts of the State and lies between 29 o - 4 ' & 30 o - 42 ' North latitude and 75 o -18 ' and 76 o -13 ' East longitude.
It is bounded by Ludhiana and Firozpur districts in the north, by Bhatinda district in the west, by Patiala district in the east and by Jind district (State Haryana) in the south.Sangrur, the headquarters of the district administration is directly linked by road with Chandigarh (125 Km), Ludhiana (77 Km), Budhlada (73 Km), Delhi (257 Km), Sultanpur (189 Km), Gurdaspur(250 Km), Ganga-Nagar(240 Km), Nangal (Km). It is also directly linked by rail with Ludhiana and Jhakhal (in Haryana). All the municipal towns of the district except Bhadaur, Bhawanigarh, Dhanaula and Longowal have railway stations.
The excavations carried out by the Archaeological Department, Punjab, at the various places of Malerkotla Tehsil of Sangrur District, give sufficient proof that the district is quite rich in ancient history. From the close of scrutiny of the available data, the researchers have traced the ancient history of the district from the pre-harappan period. Almost the whole of the excavated places fall in Malerkotla Tehsil of the Sangrur Deistrict. The important sites so far excavated in Malerkotla Tehsil are:
- Rohira
- Mahorana
- Bhudan
- Bahwa
- Bhasaur
- Dhingri
- Jandali
- Malaud Rorian (Theh Loharan)
- Mohammadpur
It lies about 6 Km From Mandi Ahmadgarh and about 13 km from Malerkotla. It is situated along the line of depression which follows the ancient course of river Saituj. It is worthwhile to mention here that it was near Rohira that thousanids of Sikhs were massacred by Ahmad Shah Abdali in a great holocaust known as Wada Ghallugghara, in 1762. Recently, an exiting discovery of a pre-Harappan settlement - a pre-cursor of 'the Indus Valley of Harappan civilisation has bcen made at an ancient mound at Ruhira which has now emerged as tJie second important pre-Harappan site in. India. Kalibaugan in the Sriganganagar area of Rajasthan was the first site to reveal an important pre-Harappan settlement after 10 years of continuous excavation, Experts believe that from the Kalibangan area, pre-Harappan people started moving in the northern or northern -eastern direction along some of the streams which have now dried up. The ancient water courses are marked by ranges of sand dunes. The different stages of this movement towards the Satluj have remained uninvestigated so far.
The mound is 10 metres above the surrounding fields, Originally it cuveredl an area of more than 30 acres. However, onJy 15 acres of it is now left, the rest having been brought under cultivation. Out of this, an area of 900 sq. meters has been taken up for excavation.
The earliest settlement at the site is believed to have begun around 2,300 B.C Attracted by the fertile soil and availability of water, people from Sind and Baluchistan started moving and following the path of the Satluj or the Ghagger settled at Rohira.
They started living in thatched huts on the virgin soil, Before long they started building houses of sub-dried bricks. The houses were well laid out and were fairly spacious.
A large number of beads of terra-cotta, carnelian agate, bangle pieces of terra-cotta and bone styluses discovered there testify to the prosperity of the region and its trade relations with distant lands.
This period is designated as pre-Harappan. The finds at this place are comparable to those of Kalibangan(Rajasthan). Banawali (Bhiwani District) Balu (Jind District) and Kot Diji and Amri in Pakistan
By about 2,000 B.C, a new set of people is believed to have settled at the site.. Their pottery was more Surdy and their equipment superior. There is no evidence of any upheaval
A citadel which possibly ran all-round the residential complex was constructed to guard against invaders
Houses of bead makers with a large number of finished and unfinished beads and two copper chisels have been recovered. These finds point to the advanced technology of the Copper-Bronze age. Certain finds of gold beads, attest to the prosperity of the people. They used fine, well baked pots, jars and troughs. Clay figurines of bull, terra-cotta. and idli-shaped cakes have been found in abundance. A well made of hated bricks has also been discovered. At least five phases of house construction have been found.
The most notable find is a terra-cotta seal depicting a mythological scene of ritual killing.The site was possibly desires by 1700 B.C and the newcomers 'Bara foJks1 (named after Bara site near Ropar), occupied it. The use; of culture pots, vessels and water jars gave a distinctive character to this culture. The use of com bins is a typical feature of this area.
The new people wluo made Rohira their abode from 1100 to 500 B.C. used the painted grey ware. They were- followed by people who used black ware (600 to 200 B.C.). Even though thcir regular habitation has not been found in the area under excavation, surface explorations and pits dug in the area indicate their presence at the site.
There is evident of Sunga-Kushan porttery. The area around the east has structures typical of Kushan bricks with finger marks. Some tcrra-cotta figurines including one of mother goddess, a few small coins of Indo-Pcrthian King Gondo Pharnese (first century A.D.) arid Iate Kusban coins have also been discovered, Since thc area of Sangrur lies in close proximity to the must known battlefield of Kurukshetra of epic times, there is the least doubt of its having been under the influence of vedic culture it must have been a settlement of the Aryans. The Rigwedaa is the earliest literary record of the socio-cultural development and affords us the First glimpse of the life of its people. The most important god of the Vedic period indra. A thorough analysis of the character of various Vedic gods reflects the heroic character of the Aryan Society. The heroic society of the Vedic period was tribal in character. The ideal of the hero is laid down in the Mahabharta: ':Fame is all that one should acquire here. That fame can be acquired by battle and by no other means." The ashramas of teachers and sages in forests were their military academies humming and throbbing with the activities of young athletes and cadets.
Further, the Mahabharata contains profuse and useful information on various aspects of the political and socio-culture life of the land. From the scrutiny ofihe Mahabharta, it is presumed that Yaudheyas, a martial tribe occupied the present area of Sangrur along with the allied tarritories in the proximity of Kurukshetra.. Yaudheyas were a gena community who were famous for their valour. Their coins have been found mostly in tlhe eastern Punjab and in the region between the Satluj and Yamuna.
The area of present Sangrur Distrct along with adjoining areas came under the Maurya Dyansty in B.C. 322. It was Chandragupta Maurya who established Maurya Dynasty After overthrowing the Nandas.
This area also enjoyed the blessings of the Gupta administration from the beginning of the 4th Century to the end of the 6th Century, Because of the efficient administration, Gupta era haa been known as the Golden age of Hindu period Chandragupta Vikramditya was the most famous king of the Gupta Dynasty.
In the beginning of' the 7th Century, Prabhakara Vardhana ruled over this area whose capital was at Thenesar. not far from the present area of Sangrur District, His brother Harsha Vardhana who rcduced anarchy to order in Northern India, and reigned for forty-one years, from AD 606-47. However, later on, Harsha Vardhana shifted his capital From Thanesar to Kanauj, because of the extension of the territory of the empire.
Early in the 8th Century, Thanesar ceased to exist and another line of kings, Tomar Rajputs, established itself in the South East Punjab. After about a century, the Tomars were supplanted by the Chauhans of Ajmer. SANGRUR IS A INDIPANDENT DISTT. AND NOT UNDER BARNALA DISTT. BARNALA WAS A TEH.OF DISTT. SANGRUR AND WAS MADE DISTT. IN 2006 BY CAPT. AMRINDER SINGH RAGIME. AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN SANSRUR BARNALA IS 39 KM AND SANGRUR TO PATIALA IS 59KM & CHANDHIGARH IS 125 KM.
[edit] SHAHEED UDHAM SINGH : THE PRIDE OF SANGRUR
Though the people of various States remained suppressed under the oppressive rule of their rulers, yet they played a significant role in the freedom movement of the country. The people of Sangrur District were not lagging behind in this respect. They are proud of Shahid Udham Singh, born on the soil of Sunam in Sangrur District, who played a commendable role in the freedom struggle along with many other heroes of this district and the country as a whole
[edit] Geography
Sangrur is located at .[1] It has an average elevation of 232 metres (761 feet).
[edit] Demographics
As of 2001 India census,[2] Sangrur had a population of 78,717. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sangrur has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 68%. In Sangrur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Area is 5021 Sq. km. (According to Dy E.S.A., Sangrur) Population 2000173(Census 2001) Sub-Divisional Wise Population in District Sangrur as 0n 01-01-2004
SUBDIVISION(RURAL/URBAN)(TOTAL)(MALES)(FEMALES);
Sangrur(Rural)(206351)(110472)(95879); Sangrur(Urban) (116020)(61986)(54034)
Sunam Rural 250224 134572 115652 Urban 78575 41982 36593
Barnala Rural 366364 194932 171432 Urban 160567 86562 74005
Malerkotla Rural 251408 134357 117051 Urban 135031 71711 63320
Dhuri Rural 190674 101916 88758 Urban 49406 26425 22981
Moonak Rural 150333 80349 69984 Urban 45220 24025 21195
Grand Total 2000173 1069289 930884 Total Rural 1415354 756598 658756 Total Urban 584819 312691 272128
[edit] Famous people born in Sangrur
Two of the chief ministers of Indian Punjab hailed from Sangrur, as did one chief minister of the former state of PEPSU(Patiala and East Punjab States Union, which was later merged with present day Punjab)[citation needed].
The two Punjab Chief Ministers were Surjit Singh Barnala and Rajinder Kaur Bhathal. Late Lala Brish Bhan was the chief minister of PEPSU.
Baba Hira Singh Bhattal, who was the father of former Chief Minister Rajinder Kaur Bhathal, was a freedom fighter for India against the British, and belonged to Sangrur district. Shaheed (Martyr)Udham Singh too was born in this district. Sant Baba Attar Singh Mastuanawale, Giani Gian Singh Ji, Shaheed Bhai Mani Singh, are amongst other notable personalities from the district.
[edit] Tourist info
Sangrur has a few places of some historical or religious importance including Gurudwaras and Hindu Temples. A well planned Banesar Garden in the north of the city with an attractive marble baradari is a popular picnic spot. It also has a small zoo.
Weather: Sangrur gets very dry and hot in summers lasting from early March to July. Moonsoon Rains start around early to mid July and last through August and end in September. It becomes quite cold in Dec-January. Best time to visit Sangrur is January to March, as this time climate is too pleasant. Along with this you can enjoy festival like Lohri and Basant.The climate of the district is on the whole dry and is characterised by a short monsoon, a hot summer and a bracing cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from November to March is followed by the hot season lasting up to the end of June. The period from July to mid-September constitutes the rainy season, of south-west monsoon, the second half of September and October may be termed the post-monsoon or transition period.
Travel options from Delhi include train and road travel.
[edit] Education in Sangrur
The city and surroundings provide a good educational institutions, some of which are:
1. SLIET (Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology) (www.sliet.org) which is run and managed by Ministry of HRD, India.
2. AKAL DEGREECOLLEGE,MASTUANA,run in the sweet memory of Bhai Atar Singh ji Maharaj
2. Bhai Gurdas Group of Institutions 3. Ranbir college,Sangrur
3. Sangrur public school, Mangwal(sangrur)
4. La Foundation School, Sangrur (www.lafoundation.com)
5. Golden Earth Global School
7. Army School Sangrur
8. Holy Heart Convent School, Mangwal (Sangrur)
9. Arora Commerce Coaching Centre, Sangrur
10. National Institute of Nursing Sangrur ([1])
11. Prem sabha national high school, sangrur(since 1965)
[edit] References
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Sangrur
- ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
