River Don, South Yorkshire
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| River Don | |
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| Origin | Pennines |
| Mouth | River Trent |
| Basin countries | England |
| Length | 70miles (112km) |
- This article is about the river in South Yorkshire, England. For other rivers with the same name, see Don River (disambiguation).
The River Don (also called Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines and flows for 112 km (70 miles) eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth.
It originally joined the Trent, but (re-engineered by Vermuyden as the Dutch River), now joins the River Ouse at Goole in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Don Valley is the local UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.
The Don's major tributaries are the Loxley, the Rivelin, the Sheaf, the Rother and the Dearne.
Along the Sheffield–Rotherham stretch of the river are five weirs that punctuate a local walking and cycling route: the Five Weirs Walk. A further walk, the Upper Don Walk is being developed that will make it possible to walk or cycle from Sheffield city centre up to Oughtibridge
The industrial nature of the region has led to a severe pollution problem for the river, although this has abated somewhat over recent years, with salmon reported in the river near Doncaster.
Fig trees grow on a stretch of the river bank in Sheffield; the seeds having germinated successfully thanks to the increased warmth of the water near factory outfalls.
The Don derives its name from Dôn (or Danu), a Celtic mother goddess.
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[edit] Navigation
- See also: River Don Navigation
Navigation to Sheffield was made possible by using canal cuttings to avoid circuitous and unnavigable sections of the Don as far up as Tinsley, and then by a canal from Tinsley to Sheffield. The cuts and navigable river sections (with two canals connecting the Don to the Aire and Calder Navigation and the River Trent respectively) constitute the Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation.
[edit] History
The lower Don originally meandered in a north-easterly direction across the marshland of Hatfield Chase to enter the Trent just above its junction with the Ouse. It formed the boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
In the marshland drainage project of 1627, the civil engineer Cornelius Vermuyden from The Netherlands diverted the Don northwards and then eastwards to enter the Ouse at the site of Goole, 15km upstream of the Trent. The "Dutch River" so formed had the advantage of being navigable by small coal barges which transferred their cargo to sea-going vessels at the Ouse.
The construction of the railway from Doncaster to Goole in 1870 greatly reduced this traffic and when the cut-off New Junction Canal from Stainforth to the Aire and Calder Navigation (Knottingley and Goole Canal) west of Goole was completed in 1897, the Dutch River reverted almost entirely to its original drainage function.
The Stainforth and Keadby Canal allows navigation from the Don at Stainforth to the Trent at Keadby.
[edit] Flooding
The Don has produced a number of notable floods. On the night of 26 October 1536 a sudden rise in the level of the river prevented the forces of the Pilgrimage of Grace from crossing the river at Doncaster, forcing them to enter into negotiations with Henry VIII's forces.[1][2] The Great Sheffield Flood, which occurred on 11 March 1864 following the collapse of the Dale Dike Dam, destroyed 800 houses, and killed 270 people.[3]
The Don was also one of the rivers that flooded during the 2007 United Kingdom floods. Record levels of rainfall resulted in flooding in Sheffield and Rotherham with two people dying in the area, whilst in the Denaby Main/Mexborough area, the river rose and burst its banks onto the Doncaster road bridge, also flooding the railway tracks situated to the north of the river. The nearby canal overfilled, with some parts of the river don flowing into the canal, resulting in a great increase in water area, and leading to this combined body of water overflowing towards the houses near pastures.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ *Hunter, Joseph (1819). Hallamshire. The History and Topography of the Parish of Sheffield in the County of York. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mayor & Jones, p.3. (wikisource)
- ^ "Antiquarian Researches" (1855). The Gentlemen's Magazine 199: p.628.
- ^ Harrison, Samuel (1864). A Complete History of the Great Flood at Sheffield on March 11 & 12, 1864. Sheffield: S Harrison, Sheffield Times Office.
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