Perm

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Perm (English)
Пермь (Russian)

Sibirskaya Street

Perm on the map of Russia
Coordinates
58°0′N 56°19′E / 58, 56.317Coordinates: 58°0′N 56°19′E / 58, 56.317
Coat of Arms Flag
City Day: June 12
Administrative status
Federal subject
In jurisdiction of
Administrative center of		 Perm Krai
Perm Krai
Perm Krai, Permsky District
Local self-government
Charter Charter of Perm
Municipal status Urban okrug
City Head Igor Shubin
Legislative body City Duma
Area
Area 799.68 km² (308.8 sq mi)
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population
- Rank
- Density
 1,001,653 inhabitants
13th
1,252.6/km² (3,244.2/sq mi)
Events
Founded May 15, 1723
Town status October 29, 1781
Renamed Molotov 1940
Renamed Perm October 2, 1957
Other information
Postal code 614xxx
Dialing code +7 342
Official website
http://www.gorodperm.ru/
This article is about the city in Russia. For the hairstyle, see perm (hairstyle). For other uses, see perm (disambiguation)

Perm (Russian: Пермь, pronounced [pʲɛrmʲ]) is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia. It is situated on the banks of the Kama River, in European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains.

Perm is one of the largest cities in Russia, thirteenth most populous, with 990,200 (2007 est.)[1] inhabitants, down from 1,001,653 recorded in 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census. The city is served by Bolshoye Savino Airport but also hosts Bakharevka air base.

The word "Perm" is 'Komi in origin. "Parma" is translated from Komi-Permyak language as a hilly place, covered with woods.

In geology, the Permian period takes its name from the region.

Contents

[edit] Geography

Kama River near Perm
Kama River near Perm

Perm covers an area of 799,68 square km. It takes the third place among Russian cities, after Moscow and Saint-Petersburg.

The city of Perm is located on the bank of the Kama River. The Kama is the main tributary of the Volga River and the one of the deepest and most picturesque rivers of Russia. The Kama is the water-way which grants the Urals access to the White Sea, Baltic Sea, Sea of Azov, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea. Kama divides the city into two parts, Central part and right-banked part. The city stretches for a 70 km along the Kama and 40 km across of it. All latitudional streets settles down along the river, all meridional streets across of it.

The city is situated on hills. The distinguishing feature of the city's relief is the large quantity of small rivers and brooks. The largest of them are the Mulyanka, Yegoshikha, Motoviliha (all are in left bank of Kama River), and Gaiva (in right bank of Kama River).

[edit] History

During the early Middle Ages, the region of Perm was populated by pagan Finno-Ugric tribes who lived to the southeast of the legendary Bjarmaland and northeast of Volga Bulgaria. Between the 13th and 14th centuries, Russian fur traders and Christian missionaries from Novgorod and later Moscow founded the first settlements in the area. Saint Stephen of Perm is credited with the conversion of the local population to Christianity in the late 14th century. In the 15th century, the Perm region, because of its highly profitable fur trade, was an object of a bitter rivalry between Novgorod and Moscow, and in 1472 Perm was finally annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, soldiers, merchants, Christian monks, and priests were followed by Tsarist administration officials and peasant settlers from the western Russia.

Perm was first mentioned as a village, Yegoshikha, in 1647; however, the history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter I of Russia. Vasily Tatishchev, appointed by the Tsar as a chief manager of Ural factories, founded Perm together with another major center of the Ural region, Yekaterinburg.

Perm was founded on May 15 (May 4 in Julian calendar), 1723, and has had town status since 1781. By 1797, it was already an administrative center of the gubernia with the same name.

In the 19th century, Perm became a major trade and industrial center with a population of more than 20,000 people in the 1860s, with several metallurgy, paper, and steamboat producing factories, including one owned by a British entrepreneur. In 1870, an opera theatre was opened in the city, and in 1871 the first phosphoric factory in Russia was built. In 1916, Perm State University—a major educational institution in modern Russia—was opened.

After the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, Perm became a prime target for both sides because of its military munitions factories. In December 1918 the Siberian White Army under Anatoly Pepelyayev (who acknowledged the authority of the Omsk Government of Aleksandr Kolchak), took Perm. In 1919 the city was retaken by the Red Army.

Grand Duke Mikail Alexandrovich was executed in the outskirts of Perm with his secretary Nicholas Johnson on June 12, 1918 on the orders of the Perm Cheka. Their bodies were never recovered. A few weeks later on July 7, 1918, Andronic Nikolsky, the Archbishop Of Perm, was also murdered by the Bolsheviks in the city. In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church glorified him as Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop Of Perm, one of the Russian New Martyrs and Confessors.

Early color photograph of Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, year 1910

General view of City of Perm. (1910).

General view of the city of Perm from Gorodskie Gorki (1910)

Razguliai, outskirts of the city of Perm(1910)

Mary Magdalene Church of the city Perm.(1910)

Summertime location of the exchange in the city Perm.(1910)

Prokudin-Gorskii - Staro-Sibirskaia Gate in the city of Perm (1910)

Kama river near Perm (1910)

Headquarters of the Ural Railway Administration in the city of Perm. (1910)

[edit] Soviet Times

In the 1930s, Perm grew as a major industrial city, and aviation, shipbuilding, and chemical factories were built there. The process continued after the 1940s and virtually every major industry became represented by numerous factories in Perm. To this day almost 80% of the city's population is employed in manufacturing. During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Perm was a vital center of tank production in the Soviet Union.

From 1940 until 1957 the city was named Molotov (Мо́лотов), after Vyacheslav Molotov.

[edit] Modern city

TGC-9
TGC-9

The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center. The leading industries include machinery, defence, oil production (about 3% of Russian output), oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, timber and wood processing and the food industry.

[edit] Administrative divisions

Administrative divisions
Administrative divisions
Building of the Perm Administration
Building of the Perm Administration

Perm is divided into seven city districts:

City District Population (2002 Census)
Dzerzhinsky (Дзержи́нский) 153,403
Industrialny (Индустриа́льный) 160,039
Kirovsky (Ки́ровский) 126,960
Leninsky (Ле́нинский) 57,569
Motovilikhinsky (Мотови́лихинский) 176,564
Ordzhonikidzevsky (Орджоники́дзевский) 111,631
Sverdlovsky (Свердло́вский) 215,487

[edit] Culture

The Perm Opera and Ballet House is the one of the best in Russia. There are many other theatres in Perm such as the Drama theatre, the Puppet Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators, the Theatre "Near Bridge" and so on.

Perm Opera and Ballet House
Perm Opera and Ballet House

[edit] Education

Perm is scientific center. Some of institutes combine into Perm scientific center of ural branch Russian Academy of Sciences.

Perm is a home to several major universities including Perm State University [1], Perm State Technical University [2], Perm State Teachers' Training University, Perm State Medical Academy [3], Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy [4], Perm State Agricultural Academy, The Institute of Art and Culture, Perm State Choreographic School[5], Perm branch of state university Higher school of economics [6] and others. There are also three military schools in Perm.

[edit] Transport

Perm is an important railway junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway with lines radiating to Central Russia, north part of Ural, far east of Russia. Kama River is an important link in the unifying deep-water system of the European part of Russia. The river connects city with European water-routes. It is possible to ship cargo from Kama river area to the sea ports of White, Baltic, Azov, Black and Caspian seas without reloading. [2]

There is one international airport in Perm Bolshoye Savino (Big Savino). Perm is also served by the smaller Airport "Bakharevka".

Perm's public transit network includes streetcar (tram), bus, and trolleybus routes.

[edit] Sister cities

Perm is the sister city of (twinned with):

[edit] Sport

[edit] Media

[edit] Notable citizens

See: Category:People from Perm

The following people were either born in Perm or made names for themselves while residing there.

Monument to Fyodor Gral
Monument to Fyodor Gral


[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Perm citizens — The Official website of Perm Administration.
  2. ^ Transport infrastructure — Perm regional server.

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
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Cities and towns in Perm Krai
Administrative center: Perm
Coat of arms of Perm Krai Flag of Perm Krai