P-700 Granit
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The P-700 Granit (Russian: П-700 "Гранит"; English: granite) is a Soviet and Russian naval anti-ship missile. Its GRAU designation is 3M45 and its NATO reporting name is SS-N-19 Shipwreck. It comes in ASCM and SLCM variants.
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[edit] Design and building
The P-700 was designed in the 1970s to replace the SS-N-7 Starbright and SS-N-9 Siren, both effective missiles but with too short a range in the face of improving weapons of US Navy carrier battle groups. The missile was partially derived from the SS-N-12 Sandbox.
Built by Chelomei/NPO Mashinostroenia, the bulging 10m missile has swept-back wings and tail, weighs around 7000 kg and can be fitted with either a 750 kg HE warhead, a FAE warhead, or a 500 kt nuclear warhead. It is launched by circular solid-fuel booster before moving into sustained flight with a turbojet KR-93 engine, the missile has a distinctive annular air intake in the nose to power the engine. Maximum speed is believed to be around Mach 2.5, experimental version fitted with a ramjet 4D 04 engine can accelerate up to a top speed of Mach 4. Range is estimated at 550 to 625 km. The guidance system is mixed-mode, with inertial, active terminal guidance with radar and also anti-radar homing. Mid-course correction is probable.
The missile, when fired in swarm (groups of 4-8) has a unique guidance mode. One of them goes up and designates targets - the others attack. The one that goes up does it in short pop-ups, so it makes it harder to intercept. It works like a network with datalink between each missile. Missiles are able to differentiate targets, detect groups and prioritize targets automatically using information gathered during flight and types of ships and battle formations pre-programmed in onboard computer, after that swarm attacks highest priority-to-lowest: after destroying first target missiles left are attacking next prioritized target.[1] [2]. See also P-500 Bazalt for more details.
[edit] Deployment
Initial deployment was aboard the cruiser Kirov (now the Admiral Ushakov) in 1980. It is currently in service with the Russian Northern Fleet on the Kirov-class battlecruisers Admiral Nakhimov and Pyotr Velikhy, the aviation cruiser Kuznetsov and as part of the larger guided missile submarines armoury (the Kursk carried 24 missiles). However, the size of the missile limits the platforms on which it can operate.
[edit] Specifications
Name: P-700 (SS-N-19)
Type: Long-range anti-ship cruise missile
Developed: Russia
Weight: 7000 kg
Length: 10 m
Diameter: 0.85 m
Warhead: 750 kg HE (unknown composition, probably RDX or similar) or 500 kt fission-fusion thermonuclear
Guidance: Inertial, active radar with home-on-jam, and Legenda satellite targeting system (believed to be nonfunctional after the fall of the USSR)
G limit: 16
Maximum Mach number: 2.5
Range: 600 km
Platforms: Kirov CGN, Kuznetsov CVG, Oscar SSGN
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Jane's Underwater Weapon Systems 2006-2007
[edit] External links
- www.dtig.org Russian/Sovjet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles (pdf)
