Niterói

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Niterói

View of Niterói Contemporary Art Museum and Icaraí beach

Flag

Seal

Nickname: Cidade Sorriso (Smile City)

Location of Niterói

Coordinates: 22°52′58″S 43°06′14″W / -22.88278, -43.10389

Founded

Government

- Mayor

Godofredo Pinto (PT)

Area

- City

129.38 km² (50 sq mi)

Elevation

0 m (0 ft)

Population (2006)^[1]^[2]

- City

476,669

- Density

3,684.4/km² (9,542.6/sq mi)

- Metro

11,620,000

Time zone

UTC-3 (UTC-3)

- Summer (DST)

UTC-2 (UTC-2)

Website: www.niteroi.rj.gov.br

Niterói is a city in Brazil, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, founded on November 22, 1573 by a Tupi Indian named Araribóia (who later received the Christian name of Martim Afonso, to honor Martim Afonso de Souza). It is the only Brazilian city to have been founded by an indigenous Brazilian^[3].

1 History
2 Economy
3 Demographics
4 Education
5 Administrative divisions
6 Notable people from Niterói
7 References
8 External links

[edit] History

In the late 16th century the Portuguese crown began treating Rio de Janeiro as a strategic location for the Atlantic transit of ships between Brazil, the African colonies and Europe. Fortresses were built and an alliance was formed with nearby native tribes to defend the settlement against invaders. Rio's neighbour, Niterói, was founded by Araribóia, an Indian chief, for defensive purposes. After the war with France for Guanabara Bay (in the so-called France Antarctique episode), Araribóia requested from the Governor-General, Mem de Sá, a piece of land, which he called "Banda D'Além" ("land beyond"). His request was granted, and the village of "São Lourenço dos Índios", Niterói's first name, was born.

In 1819, the village was recognized as such by the central government, and received the new name of "Vila Real da Praia Grande" (Royal Village of Long Beach), which occupied only the area where today the centre of the city is. It only begun expanding beyond those limits in the late 19th century, when a tramway service begun circulating, allowing the expansion of urban construction. In the early 20th century, the city started its industrialization boom.

During the period (1834 - 1975) Rio de Janeiro (state) was divided in two: Rio de Janeiro and State of Guanabara (Federal District), where the national capital was. Niterói was elevated to capital of Rio de Janeiro State by the Ato Adicional of 1834 and served this function during this period (except between 1894 and 1903 when it was transferred to the city of Petrópolis). The two states were remerged on March 15, 1975 and the city of Rio de Janeiro was restored as state capital.

The city was officially renamed from "Vila Real da Praia Grande" to "Niterói" on March 6, 1835 after the Tupi Nictheroy (hidden waters) when it was also elevated from village to city status. The old spelling persisted until the mid-20th century.

[edit] Economy

Niteroi is a trade center city and services. It has many companies of food, clothes, caldle, marine objects. But has many problems because it has but a small port. The city is 25 minutes from Rio de Janeiro city centre, the must populous city, but Niteroi boasts the title of the second richest to Rio. It's a modern city, with modern buildings and shoppings mall. ^[4]

The city has a big tower named Niteroi Tower of Niteroi Shopping Mall.

The city has a big imobiliary companies. It also has many computer and service companies for example web design, art and others.

Niteroi has four big shopping malls, the Plaza Shopping, Niteroi Shopping, BayMarket and Itaipu Multi Center.

[edit] Demographics

Itacoatiara beach

It is within 13km (7 miles) of the Rio de Janeiro city, to which it is linked by the Rio-Niterói Bridge and a Ferry service. Quality of life in Niterói is one of the best (3rd place) among 5,600 Brazilian cities according to UN standards. The Niterói Contemporary Art Museum, the city's landmark, was designed by the famous Brazilian modernist architect Oscar Niemeyer. In the early 1990s, the administrative division of Niterói was altered.

The Niterói class of naval frigates is named after the city.

[edit] Education

The seat of the Fluminense Federal University, one of the most important research centers in Brazil^{[citation needed]}, is located in Niterói. It does have others colleges such as La Salle, Santa Tereza and Candido Mendes.

Niteroi has some of the best schools of Brazil.^{[citation needed]}

Located within its borders, Assunção, Salesin High School, La Salle Institute, PH, MV1 and Oswaldo Cruz Institute.

Niteroi has the highest Brazilian literacy rates after Rio de Janeiro.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Administrative divisions

The Administrative Regions of Niterói (pre-1990)

There were 5 administrative regions of the city, but in the early 1990s, they were expanded to 12 (mostly by further division of the pre-existing ones). The regions are further divided into 48 neighborhoods: