Miguel of Portugal
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Miguel I (Miguel Maria do Patrocínio João Carlos Francisco de Assis Xavier de Paula Pedro de Alcântara António Rafael Gabriel Joaquim José Gonzaga Evaristo de Bragança e Bourbon; Lisbon, October 26, 1802 - Karlsruhe, November 14, 1866) was the second son of King John VI of Portugal and Charlotte of Spain, and the 30th (or 31st according to some historians) King of Portugal and the Algarves between 1828 and 1834, during the Portuguese civil war.
[edit] Life
He was given the Lordship of Infantado as his appanage.
Miguel was an avowed conservative and admirer of the Austrian Empire under the guidance of Klemens Wenzel von Metternich. He led two revolts against his father in the 1820s, earning himself a sentence of exile at one point. In 1826 he was betrothed to his young niece Maria II. Miguel subsequently proclaimed himself regent (February 26, 1828) and then took the throne as sole monarch (June 23, 1828) at which time he overthrew his brother Pedro IV's constitution.
Miguel sought to gain international backing for his regime, but the government of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland fell in 1830 just before it could afford formal recognition. In 1831 Miguel's brother Pedro abdicated the throne of Brazil and occupied the Azores from which he launched naval attacks on Portugal. After a three-year civil war, Miguel was forced to abdicate at Évora Monte (May 26, 1834) and was sent into exile by the victorious Pedro.
The last Monarchic Constitution of 1838, never revoked, in the article 98 categorically excluded the collateral line of the king Miguel of Portugal and all his descendants.
Miguel lived the rest of his life in exile. He eventually died in Karlsruhe, Germany on November 14, 1866.
Also Spain, by law of Cortes on 15 January 1837 in midst of the First Carlist War (1833-39), excluded Miguel from the Spanish succession, on grounds of him being with the rebellion of his uncle don Carlos, the first Carlist pretender of Spain. Miguel's eldest sister Teresa, and his nephews (three sons of late infanta Francisca, and Sebastian, son of Teresa) were so excluded.
[edit] Ancestors
| Miguel I of Portugal | Father: John VI of Portugal |
Paternal Grandfather: Peter III of Portugal |
Father's Paternal Grandfather: John V of Portugal |
| Father's Paternal Grandmother: Mary Anne of Austria |
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| Paternal Grandmother: Maria I of Portugal |
Father's Maternal Grandfather: Joseph I of Portugal |
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| Father's Maternal Grandmother: Mariana Victoria of Spain |
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| Mother: Charlotte of Spain |
Maternal Grandfather: Charles IV of Spain |
Mother's Paternal Grandfather: Charles III of Spain |
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| Mother's Paternal Grandmother: Maria Amália of Saxony |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Maria Luisa of Parma |
Mother's Maternal Grandfather: Philip, Duke of Parma |
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| Mother's Maternal Grandmother: Louise-Elisabeth of France |
[edit] Marriages and descendants
In 1851, when already 48, he married Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, by whom he had six daughters and a son. In a similar fashion to Queen Victoria, he would become known as the grandfather of Europe, however this occurred after his own death. His widow succeeded in securing advantageous marriages for their daughters.
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| By Adelheid of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (April 3, 1831-December 16, 1909; married in 1851) | |||
| Maria das Neves | August 5, 1852 | February 15, 1941 | Married Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime, Infante of Spain. Pretender to the Spanish Throne (See: Carlism) |
| Miguel (II) | September 19, 1853 | October 11, 1927 | Duke of Braganza. Grandfather of the present day throne claimant Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza. |
| Maria Teresa | August 24, 1855 | February 12, 1944 | Married Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria as his third wife. |
| Maria José | March 19, 1857 | March 11, 1943 | Married Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria (brother of Empress Elisabeth of Austria) as his second wife. |
| Aldegundes, Duchess of Guimaraes | November 10, 1858 | April 15, 1946 | Married Enrico of Parma, Count di Bardi, son of Charles III of Parma. |
| Maria Ana | July 13, 1861 | July 31, 1942 | Married Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. |
| Maria Antónia | November 28, 1862 | May 14, 1959 | Married Robert I, Duke of Parma as his second wife. |
| Illegitimate offspring | |||
| Maria da Assunção do Carmo de Bragança | March 1831 | Brazil, November 18, 1910 | Natural daughter from a relationship with a Lady of the Portuguese nobility living in Rome named Dona Antónia Francisca Ribeiro do Carmo, daughter of the Duke of Algarve. Recognized as his child in 1839, thereby being semi-legitimized. According to public records, she died in Minas Gerais State, Brazil in 1910. Offspring unknown. |
| Maria de Jesus de Bragança e Bourbon | Santarém, 1834 | Natural daughter from a relationship with a woman from the Portuguese peasantry living in Santarém at the time the King was living there during the end of the civil war. She was however never acknowledged. She married D. Tomás José Fletcher de Melo Homem, born in Moita, February 23, 1836 and died in Lisbon, October 3, 1905, and had female issue now extinct at the generation of her two grandsons. | |
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Miguel of Portugal
Cadet branch of the House of Aviz
Born: 26 October 1802 Died: 14 November 1866 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Usurped from Maria II |
King of Portugal and the Algarves 1828 – 1834 |
Reclaimed by Maria II |
| Titles in pretence | ||
| Dethroned | — TITULAR — King of Portugal Miguelist line 1834 – 1866 |
Succeeded by Michael II |
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| Pretenders to the Portuguese throne |
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Deposed King |
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