Marie of Orléans (1813-1839)
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Marie Christine Caroline Adélaïde Françoise Léopoldine of Orléans, known as Marie of Orléans (12 April 1813, Palermo - 6 January 1839, Pisa) was a French princess and, by her marriage, duchess of Württemberg (1837). She was solidly educated on her father's insistence, and took up sculpture and drawing.
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[edit] Family
She was the third child (and second daughter) of Louis-Philippe, king of the French, and his wife Maria Amalia.
On 17 October 1837, Marie d'Orléans married prince Alexander of Württemberg (b. 1804–d. 1881), son of Alexander of Württemberg (1771-1833) and his wife Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1779-1824). The cadet branch of a not very prestigious German princely family, Alexander was nevertheless the nephew both of king Frederick I of Württemberg (via his father) and of king Leopold I of Belgium (via his mother).
Marie d'Orléans and Alexander of Wurtemberg had one child, Philipp of Württemberg, who inherited his father's dukedom and in 1865 married archduchess Marie-Therese of Habsburg-Teschen (1845-1927) (daughter of Albert of Habsburg-Teschen). These are the ancestors of the present claimants to the throne of Württemberg.
[edit] Life
At the beginning of 1834, due to the consolidation of the July Monarchy and a better acceptance of Louis-Philippe by the monarchs of Europe, the King of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II, gave his consent to the marriage of princess Marie of Orléans with one of his younger brothers. Leopold of the Two Sicilies (1813-1860), count of Syracuse, was (like Ferdinand) born of king Francis I's second marriage to Maria Isabella of Spain. Nephew of Maria's mother (queen Maria Amalia), he was thus also half-brother to the duchesse de Berry, born by Francis I's first marriage to archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria,and mother of the Legitimist pretender to the throne of France, the duc de Bordeaux.
However, following the uprisings which afflicted France in April 1834, the court of Naples demanded that Marie immediately receive the part of the Orléans family fortune which was due to her by the "donation-partage" Louis-Philippe had made among his children on 7 August 1830 on the eve on his accession to the throne. Louis-Philippe judged this demand unreasonable, and the marriage proceedings came to an end.
In 1837, princess Marie married prince Alexander of Württemberg (1804-1881). Such a marriage was unprestigious and largely down to the intervention of the bridegroom's uncle, king Leopold of Belgium. The ceremony took place on 18 October 1837 at the Grand Trianon in Versailles[1], restored by Louis-Philippe for his personal use. The civil ceremony was taken by chancelier Pasquier, the Catholic ceremony by Louis-Marie-Edmond Blanquart de Bailleul, bishop of Versailles, and the Lutheran ceremony by pastor Cuvier. The following reception took days and was hosted by the king and queen.
In 1838, weakened by pulmonary tuberculosis, Marie left for Pisa with the hope that the more favourable climate would help her to a cure. Her brother, the duc de Nemours, was later sent to escort her on their parents' instructions and arrived just before her death on 6 January 1839. She was buried on 27 January at the royal chapel at Dreux.
[edit] Princess-artist
A student of Ary Scheffer, princess Marie was a talented artist, practising sculpture and drawing. Many of her works survive, mostly now in the Museum of Dordrecht, in the Netherlands[2].
[edit] Notes
- ^ Due to the mixed nature of this marriage, the Archbishop of Paris, de Quélen, forbade its being celebrated in a cathedral (as he had done with the marriages of princess Louise and the duc d'Orléans).
- ^ Portrait présumé de la princesse Marie d’Orléans, 1831 - Paris.fr
[edit] Sources
- Catalogue, Marie d'Orléans, 1813-1839, Princesse et artiste romantique, Somogy, Paris, 2008 ISBN 2757201654.
[edit] External links
- Marie d’Orléans 1813–39 - Princess and Romantic Artist - exhibition at the Louvre, 18 April - 21 July 2008 (supplemented by an exhibition at the Musée Condé de Chantilly
- Marie d'Orléans 1813-1829 - Musée du Louvre - Paris
