Maria Jane Taylor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|
||||||||
Maria Jane Dyer (January 16, 1837 – July 23, 1870) was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China, and "Mother" of the China Inland Mission with her husband, founder James Hudson Taylor. She was a pioneer missionary and educator there for 12 years (from 1852-1860 and 1866-1870). In 1858, she married Taylor and was an invaluable assistant and influence to him. In her time with the CIM she was instrumental in training single women to be missionaries in China, when opportunities for women to serve had been previously dependent on having a missionary husband.
Contents |
[edit] British and Malaysian roots
Maria was the youngest daughter of the Rev. Samuel Dyer and his wife Maria Tarn of the London Missionary Society, who had been pioneer missionaries to the Chinese in Penang, Malaysia and Malacca, where she was born. Both of her parents had died before she was ten. Maria was the second surviving daughter. Born in Malacca, she did not see England until her second year of life. Even then the stay was brief and she called "China" her home. Her father died while away at Macau when she was only six. Her mother married again but she, too died on the mission field at Penang a few years later in 1846. Maria and her brother and sister lived in England after the death of their parents. All three children were raised in England by their mother's brother and they all eventually dedicated their adult lives return to do missionary work in China.
[edit] Life in Ningbo
In 1853, aged 16, Maria traveled to China with her sister, Burella, and they both lived and worked at a school for girls in Ningbo which was run by one of the first female missionaries to the Chinese, Mary Ann Aldersey, an old friend of their mother. It was there that she met and in 1858, married Hudson Taylor, despite Aldersey's complete opposition.
Maria Taylor was better educated than her husband and from a different social background. Having spoken the Ningbo dialect fluently for several years, she was immediately able to start a small primary school. As a married couple the Taylors also took care of an adopted boy named Tianxi in Ningbo in addition to five Chinese boys that Taylor was helping. They had a baby of their own that died late in 1858. Their first surviving child, Grace Dyer Taylor, was born in 1859. Shortly after she was born, the Taylors took over all of the operations at the hospital in Ningbo that had been run by Dr. William Parker. In addition to this they cared for a young Chinese girl named Ensing and five other Chinese boys.
in 1860 the Taylors went to England so that Hudson could regain his health. But for Maria, China was still her home.
Their second child, a son, was born in London, Herbert Hudson Taylor, in 1861. More children were born to the Taylors in 1862 (Frederick Howard Taylor), in 1864 (Samuel Dyer Taylor), and in 1865 (Jane Dyer Taylor- who died at birth).
In London, Maria helped Hudson to write China's Spiritual Need and Claims, which had an enormous impact on Christian missions in the 19th Century.
[edit] Return to China
On May 26, 1866, after over five years of working in England, Maria & Hudson Taylor and their four children set sail for China with their new missions team, "the Lammermuir Party", aboard the Lammermuir (clipper). A four-month voyage was considered speedy at the time. While in the South China Sea and also the Pacific Ocean the ship was nearly sunk but survived 2 typhoons. They arrived safely in Shanghai on September 30, 1866.
The arrival of the largest party of missionaries ever sent to China - as well as their intent to be dressed in native clothing - gave the foreign settlement in Shanghai much to talk about and some criticism began for the young China Inland Mission. The party donned Chinese clothing, notwithstanding - even the women missionaries (Maria for the first time) - which was deemed semi-scandalous by some Europeans. They traveled down the Grand Canal to make the first settlement in the war torn city of Hangzhou. Another daughter was born to them in China (Maria Hudson Taylor). While her husband preached or practiced medicine.
Their eldest daughter, Grace, died during their first year in China. Maria felt the loss deeply, and poured out her emotions in poetry, as she had done earlier in life after the death of her parents.
Amid the struggle of the first year back in China, she wrote:
| “ | “As to the harsh judgings of the world, or the more painful misunderstandings of Christian brethren, I generally feel that the best plan is to go on with our work and leave God to vindicate our cause.” | ” |
When young women CIM missionary recruits arrived to join the work in China, Maria was able to train them in understanding Chinese, adaptation to Chinese culture, and missionary work.
1868 brought another child (Charles Edward Taylor) into the Taylor family, and in 1870, Hudson and Maria made the difficult decision to send their older three surviving children (Bertie, Freddie, and Maria - Samuel died earlier that year) home to England. That same year, Noel was born, though he died of malnutrition and deprivation two weeks later due to Maria's inability to nurse him. Maria died several days later at their home in Zhenjiang, with the official cause of death being cholera. The small Protestant cemetery where she was buried in Zhenjiang was where Hudson wanted to be laid to rest as well. He followed her there in 1905. The cemetery itself was destroyed during the Chinese Cultural Revolution by Red Guards in China as part of the Destruction of the Four Olds campaign. Today there are industrial buildings over the site.
Maria's death shook Hudson Taylor deeply, and in 1871, his own health began deteriorating further, he returned to England later that year to recuperate and take care of business items involved with the mission work.
Of Maria and Hudsons' nine children, three died at birth and two in childhood. The four who survived her all later became missionaries with the China Inland Mission. In 1897 Hudson & Maria's only surviving daughter, Maria Hudson Taylor the wife of John Joseph Coulthard died in Wenzhou, leaving four little children and her husband in sorrow. She had been instrumental in leading many Chinese women to Christianity during her short life.
[edit] Epitaph
Her marker read:
SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF MARIA JANE,
THE BELOVED WIFE OF THE REV. J. HUDSON TAYLOR,
OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION,
AND DAUGHTER OF THE LATE REV. SAMUEL DYER OF PENANG.
SHE WAS BORN IN MALACCA JAN. 16TH 1837,
ARRIVED IN CHINA IN 1852,
AND FELL ASLEEP IN JESUS IN CHINKIANG JULY 23RD 1870.
AN EARNEST CHRISTIAN AND DEVOTED MISSIONARY,
A FAITHFUL AND AFFECTIONATE WIFE AND TENDER MOTHER,
A SINCERE AND WARM HEARTED FRIEND,
TO HER TO LIVE WAS CHRIST, AND TO DIE WAS GAIN,
HER MEMORY IS EMBALMED
IN THE HEARTS OF THOSE WHO KNEW AND LOVED HER.
"FATHER, I WILL THAT THEY ALSO WHOM THOU HAST GIVEN ME
BE WITH ME WHERE I AM"
ALSO OF THE FOLLOWING CHILDREN OF THE ABOVE,
JANE DYER TAYLOR
BORN AND DIED IN ENGLAND IN 1865,
GRACE DYER TAYLOR
BORN IN NINGPO JULY 31ST 1859 DIED AT HANGCHAU AUG. 23RD 1867,
SAML. DYER TAYLOR
BORN IN ENGLAND JUNE 24TH 1864, DIED AT CHINKIANG FEB. 4TH 1870,
NOEL TAYLOR
BORN IN CHINKIANG JULY 7TH, DIED JULY 20TH 1870
"SUFFER THE LITTLE CHILDREN TO COME UNTO ME"
[edit] Legacy
Descendants of Hudson & Maria Taylor continue his full-time ministry today in Chinese communities in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Rev. James Hudson Taylor III (戴紹曾牧師) and his son Rev. James Hudson Taylor IV (戴繼宗牧師) are now based in Hong Kong providing full-time Chinese ministries.
[edit] Writing
- Siao Veng-teh. Little Catechism pp. 36. Ningbo, 1860. This small work, in the Ningpo dialect, contains elements of Christian teaching in catechetical form, divided into seven sections.
[edit] Chronology
Early Years and Ophanhood
- 1837 Maria Jane Dyer born in Malacca
- 1839 Arrives in England with parents, Samuel and Burella
- 1841 Leaves for Singapore with parents, Samuel, Burella and Ms. Buckland
- 1842 Arrives in Singapore with parents who rent mission-house of American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions (Memoir p 240)
Ebenezer, baby brother, born (Memoir p 232, 235)
- 1843 Father leaves with John Stronach for London Missionary Society Conference in Hong Kong
Father dies in Macau (Maria is 6 years of age)
- 1844 Moves with her mother, Samuel and Burella to Penang
Mother takes over Chinese Girl's School for which her father had bequeathed money. There was no talk of the family returning to Britain (Not Less Than p 25)
- 1845 Mother marries Johann Georg Bausum, a German missionary based in Penang
- 1846 Mother dies in Penang (Maria is 9 years of age)
England and China
- 1847 Goes to England with Samuel and Burella in care of guardian, William Tarn (uncle)
Enters Polam Hall in Darlington, Durham, NE England with Burella
- 1852 Leaves England (at age 15) with Burella (age 17) with the Mr. & Mrs. Cobbold (Church Missionary Society) for Mary Ann Aldersey's girls' school in Ningbo;
- 1853 Arrives in Shanghai; goes on to Ningbo to teach in Mary Ann AlderseyÅfs GirlsÅf School
- 1854 Hudson Taylor arrives in China
- 1856 Meets Hudson Taylor the day after his arrival in Ningbo
Declines Robert Hart's proposal
- 1857 Mary Ann Aldersey forces Maria to decline Taylor's proposal
Maria receives guardian's approval to marry Taylor
Married Life
- 1858 Married to James Hudson Taylor at Presbyterian Compound, Ningbo
Sister, Burella dies of cholera in Shanghai, age: 23 years Brother, Samuel Jr. emigrates to New Zealand
- Baby Taylor born and died in Ningpo Mission House, "Wu-gyiao-deo" Lake Head or Bridge Street, Ningbo
- 1859 Grace "Gracie" Dyer Taylor born in Ningpo Mission House, "Wu-gyiao-deo" Lake Head or Bridge Street, Ningbo
- Moved to Dr. William Parker's hospital, outside Salt Gate, Ningbo
- Ensing adopted, before 1860 in Ningbo
- 5 Chinese boys adopted, before June 1860 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- 1860 Taylors moved for 2 weeks, to home of John Shaw Burdon, Shanghai
Life in London 1860 to 1866
- Sailed to England (via Cape of Good Hope) on furlough aboard the tea clipper Jubilee, with Hudson, Grace and Wang Laijun
- The Jubilee arrived 20 November 1860 in Gravesend, England
- Settled in 63 Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, London
- 1861 Herbert "Bertie" Hudson Taylor born in 63 Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, London
- Moved, to #1 Beaumont Street, London
- 1862 Frederick "Freddie" Howard Taylor born in #1 Beaumont Street, London
- 1864 Samuel "Sammie" Dyer Taylor born in Barnsley, Yorkshire, England
- Moved to #30 Coborn Street, London
- 1865 Assisted in the writing of "China: Its Spiritual Need and Claims" with Hudson Taylor, in London
- Daughter Jane Dyer Taylor died at birth in #30 Coborn Street, London
Return to China 1866 to 1871
- 1866 Sailed to China (via the Cape of Good Hope) aboard the tea clipper Lammermuir with Hudson and four children, in East India Docks, London
- Arrived in China aboard the Lammermuir 29 September 1866 in Shanghai, China
- Settled with the Lammermuir party, December 1866 in 1 Xin Kai Long (New Lane), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- 1867 Maria "Marie" Hudson Taylor born in 1 Xin Kai Long (New Lane), Hangzhou
- Daughter Grace Dyer Taylor died 23 August 1867 in temple at Pengshan, near Hangzhou
- 1868 Moved with Hudson in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Survived Yangzhou riot
- Moved with Hudson, to Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Moved with Hudson in Yangzhou
- Charles Edward Taylor born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- 1869 Moved with Hudson to Ningpo Mission House, "Wu-gyiao-deo" Lake Head or Bridge Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Family holiday with Hudson in Putuo Island, Zhejiang, China
- 1870 Son Samuel Dyer Taylor died aboard a boat in the Yangtze River near Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Moved with Hudson to Zhenjiang
- Noel Taylor born in Zhenjiang
- Son Noel died 13 days after birth in Zhenjiang
- Maria Jane (Dyer) Taylor died in Zhenjiang
[edit] References
- Broomhall, Alfred (1982). Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: Barbarians At The Gates. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
- Broomhall, Alfred (1982). Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: Over The Treaty Wall. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
- Broomhall, Alfred (1983). Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: If I had A Thousand Lives. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
- Broomhall, Alfred (1984). Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: Survivor's Pact. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
- Broomhall, Alfred (1985). Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century, Book Five: Refiner's Fire. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
- Broomhall, Marshall (1915). The Jubilee Story of the China Inland Mission. London: Morgan and Scott.
- Guinness, Mary Geraldine (1893). The Story of the China Inland Mission vol II. London: Morgan and Scott.
- Pollock, John (1964). Hudson Taylor and Maria Pioneers in China.
- Steer, Roger (1990). Hudson Taylor: A Man In Christ. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
- Taylor, Dr. and Mrs. Howard (1918). Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission; The Growth of a Work of God. London: Morgan and Scott.
- Taylor, James Hudson III (2005). Christ Alone: A Pictorial Presentation of Hudson Taylor's Life and Legacy. Hong Kong: OMF Books.
- Tucker, Ruth (1983). From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya A Biographical History of Christian Missions. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. ISBN 0310239370.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Broomhall (1985), 177
[edit] See also
- List of China Inland Mission missionaries in China
- Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet who proposed to marry her in 1858 before Hudson Taylor
[edit] Further reading
[edit] External links
- Christian Biography Resources
- OMF International (formerly China Inland Mission and Overseas Missionary Fellowship)
- http://www.missionaryetexts.org/
- http://www.worldinvisible.com/library/hudsontaylor/hudsontaylorv1/hudsontaylorv1tc.htm
- Taylor family tree
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Dyer, Maria Jane |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Taylor, Maria Jane; Taylor, (1st) Mrs. Hudson |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Missionary in China |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 16 January 1837 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Malacca, Malaysia |
| DATE OF DEATH | 23 July 1870 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China |
