Cambridge Seven
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Cambridge Seven were seven students from Cambridge University, who in 1885, decided to become missionaries in China; the seven were:
- Charles Thomas Studd
- Montagu Harry Proctor Beauchamp
- Stanley P. Smith
- Arthur T. Polhill-Turner
- Dixon Edward Hoste
- Cecil H. Polhill-Turner
- William Wharton Cassels
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[edit] Preparations in Britain
Having been accepted as missionaries by Hudson Taylor of the China Inland Mission the seven were scheduled to leave for China in early February 1885. Before leaving the seven held a farewell tour to spread the message across the country - it was during this tour that someone dubbed them "The Cambridge Seven."
For the next month, the seven toured the University campuses of England and Scotland, holding meetings for the students.Queen Victoria was pleased to receive their booklet containing The Cambridge Seven's testimonies. The record of their departure is recorded in "The Evangelisation of the World: A Missionary Band". It became a national bestseller. Their influence extended to America where it led to the formation of Robert Wilder's Student Volunteer Movement.
All seven had become born-again Christians and were moved by their beliefs to go to China in 1885 to spread these beliefs and to help the local population; most remained in or connected to missionary work for the rest of their lives. They were greatly influenced by Taylor's book "China's Spiritual Need and Claims". After their acceptance into the China Inland Mission, the seven toured England and Scotland, preaching and appealing to their listeners to follow their example and follow Christ. Charles Studd's brother Kynaston helped the seven in their preparations for departure.
[edit] Assessment
The conversion and example of the seven, was one of the grand gestures of 19th century missions - making them religious celebrities; as a result their story was published as "The Evangelisation of the World" and was distributed to every YMCA and YWCA throughout the British Empire and the USA.
Though their time together was brief, they helped catapult the China Inland Mission from obscurity to "almost embarrassing prominence," and their work helped to inspire many recruits for the CIM and other mission societies. In 1885, when the Seven first arrived in China, the CIM had 163 missionaries; this had doubled by 1890 and reached some 800 by 1900 - which represented one-third of the entire Protestant missionary force.
[edit] The Seven's work
- William Wharton Cassels worked in China for ten years and then returned to England in 1895 where he was consecrated as the new Bishop of a new diocese in Western China. He then returned to Western China - he lived here until his death in 1925.
- Stanley Peregrine Smith was sent to North China. Here he learned Chinese language and soon became as fluent a preacher in Chinese as he was in English. He died in China on January 31, 1931.
- Charles Studd, one of the famous Studd brothers, who was before his missionary work well known as an England cricketer - having played in the famous Ashes series against Australia, was probably the best the known of "The Cambridge Seven,". He was sent home because of ill health in 1894. Later he worked in India and Africa and was the founder of WEC. He died in 1931.
- Arthur Polhill-Turner was ordained as a minister in 1888 and moved to the densely populated countryside to reach as many people as he could. He remained in China throughout the uprisings against foreigners at the turn of the century and did not leave there until 1928, when he retired and returned to England. He died in 1935.
- Cecil Polhill-Turner, stayed in the same province with the others for a while before moving to the northwest, in the direction of Tibet. During a violent riot there he and his wife were both nearly killed in 1892. In 1900, his health failed and he was sent home to England where he was strongly advised against a return to China. Despite this ban, his heart remained there and throughout the rest of his life, he made seven prolonged missionary visits. In 1908 in Sunderland he became the leader of the Pentecostal Missionary Union and was greatly used in the formation of the Pentecostal Movement in Britain. He died in England in 1938.
- In 1900 Montagu Harry Proctor Beauchamp was evacuated from China because of the uprisings but returned again to China in 1902. He then returned again to England in 1911 and served as a chaplain with the British Army. His son became a second-generation missionary in China and in 1935 he went back to China; he died at his son's mission station in 1939.
- Dixon Hoste succeeded Hudson Taylor as the Director of the China Inland Mission and for thirty years, he led the Mission. He retired in 1935 but remained in China until 1945, when he was interned by the Japanese. He died in London, in May 1946 and was the last remaining member of the "The Cambridge Seven" to die.
[edit] Bibliography
[edit] See also
- St Andrews Seven — a similar group of students from St Andrews University in the 1820s who served as missionaries in the nineteenth century.
- Anglo-Chinese relations
[edit] Online Resources
[edit] External links
- The Cambridge Band and Shan-si
- Cecil Polhil Biographical material on Cecil Polhil and his further Missionary activity with the Pentecostal Missionary Union.
- OMF International (formerly China Inland Mission and Overseas Missionary Fellowship)
- http://www.genealogy.com/users/y/o/r/Brian-York-Burnsville/?Welcome=1091209026
