LSWR H15 class

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The LSWR/SR H15 class were a class of 2-cylinder 4-6-0 steam locomotives designed by Robert Urie for heavy freight duties on the LSWR. Further batches were constructed by Richard Maunsell for the SR .

[edit] Construction history

The H15 Class represented Robert Urie's first design for the LSWR. It was created in response to a desperate lack of adequate locomotives in service on the LSWR that could be utilised for heavy freight duties. Reliability was also an issue, with ageing locomotive designs taking their toll on the LSWR's resources. ^[1]

The resultant design was an outside 2-cylinder locomotive fitted with outside Walschaerts valve gear for ease of maintenance, with all the working parts relatively accessible when compared to previous designs operating on the LSWR system. ^[2]

Nine (numbers 482 to 490) were built new by Urie with 180 lb/sq in boilers. They appeared in January to July 1914. A further example (number 491) was constructed by Urie in Juy 1914 and was identical to 482–490 apart from having a lower weight. ^[2]

An additional locomotive was a rebuild of the 1905-vintage E14 class locomotive, number 335, undertaken in December 1914. This one-locomotive class had been earmarked by Urie's predecessor, Dugald Drummond, for major modifications in the light of poor operational performance. ^[2] Urie however, instead of modifying it, rebuilt it as the eleventh member of the H15 class. ^[1]

However, improvements were made to the overall design whilst the locomotive was under production at Eastleigh Works. The earlier class members mounted a lower running plate that was raised above the cylinders for clearance. ^[2] These locomotives also sported a single, straight splasher above the driving wheels, an embellishment that would feature on Urie's later N15 class. The later production locomotives did not feature this design, with a higher-mounted straight running plate above the driving wheels, a feature that was perpetuated on the later S15 class design by Urie. ^[2]

The H15 Class came about at a time when boiler technology was still being developed in terms of efficiency. As a result, Urie equipped some locomotives with saturated boilers for comparison with superheated types. These were issued with boilers pressed to 175 lb/sq in. However, Urie favoured superheating, and all class members were so equipped. ^[2]

A total of 26 locomoives were completed in seven batches, including number 335, over a period of twelve years. The first two batches of five in each were constructed in 1914. A further fifteen locomotives were constructed in three consecutive batches during 1924, the final one appearing in January 1925, and these were constructed under the auspices of Richard Maunsell, Urie's successor. Amongst the final batches of the class was another rebuild project concerning five members of the Drummond F13 Class. Maunsell's own batch of ten locomotives were a continuation of the design set out by Urie with number 491.

The class was provided with a 5000 gallon Drummond 'watercart' eight-wheeled tender design that enabled them to travel on the long distances of the LSWR network which never had water troughs. Further modifications to the class were made by Maunsell during the mid-1930s with the provision of smoke deflectors.

[edit] Operational details

With their 21 × 28 inch cylinders allied with 6 ft 0 in driving wheels and a free-steaming boiler they proved to be excellent workhorses. General overhauls revealed that they were very well built. When 30487 was stripped down for general repairs in 1954, it was found that the frames showed little sign of forty years of hard graft. During their careers, they were used on fast, heavy freights, and were particularly familiar around Okehampton hauling stone trains. ^[1]

The Drummond F13 rebuild were notable for having very tall cabs, requiring footplate staff shorter than 6 foot to stand on improvised stools to reach some controls. This resulted in those class members with this feature being nicknamed 'Cathedrals'. This nickname does not seem to have been applied to the rest of the class, although crews from Guildford depot referred to the others as the 'City Breed.' ^[1] All members of the class had been withdrawn by 1961 due to the BR Modernisation Plan, and no locomotives survived into preservation.

[edit] Livery and numbering

[edit] LSWR and Southern

Livery was initially LSWR Drummond Lined Passenger Green livery, this being complemented by purple-brown edging and double yellow lining. The initials 'LSWR' were located on the tender, and the number was placed on the cabside.

The first Southern livery, as displayed by the 1924 batch, continued that of the LSWR, though with the number displayed on the tender. However, from 1925, a darker Olive-type green was substituted, and the entire class was so outshopped. ^[3] Wheels were green with black tyres. Primrose Yellow 'Southern' and locomotive number transfers were placed on the tender tank. ^[3]

By 1939, after Oliver Bulleid's appointment as Chief Mechanical Engineer, the locomotives had been outshopped in an unlined black livery to denote their freight status subject to livery experimentation. 'Southern' remained on the tender, though the number transfer was moved to the cabside, both in 'Sunshine Yellow' lettering. ^[3] During wartime service, a further modification to the livery was made with a green shading on the 'Sunshine' lettering. The final Southern livery reverted to 'Sunshine Yellow' lettering and numbering.

The first two batches of five were numbered 482 - 491. The later batches received the numbers 521 - 524, 330 - 334 (F13 rebuilds) and 473 - 478 respectively, and the final member was number E14 rebuild 335, which provided the basis for the entire class.

[edit] Post-1948 (nationalisation)

The class was given the BR Power Classification of 4-P 5-F. Livery immediately after Nationalisation was transitional, with 'British Railways' on the tender in Southern Yellow. Numbers were initially given an 'S' prefix. From the early 1950s, the class was given the new BR Freight Black with no lining. ^[4]

The class was numbered according to the BR Standard Numbering System, given the series 30482 - 30491; 30521 - 30524; 30330 - 30334 (F13 rebuilds) and finally 30473 - 30478 respectively. ^[4]

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Haresnape, Brian: Maunsell Locomotives - a pictorial history (Ian Allan Ltd, 1977), ISBN 0711007438
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Bradley, D. L.: LSWR Locomotives - the Urie classes (Wild Swan Publications, 1987), ISBN 090686755X
3. ^ ^{a b c} Swift, Peter: Maunsell 4-6-0 King Arthur Class (Locomotives in Detail series volume 4) (Hinckley: Ian Allan Publishing, 2006), ISBN 0711030863
4. ^ ^{a b} Longworth, Hugh: British Railway Steam Locomotives: 1948-1968 (Oxford Publishing Company: Oxford, 2005) ISBN 0860935930

• Bradley, D. L.: LSWR Locomotives - the Urie classes (Wild Swan Publications, 1987), ISBN 090686755X
• Haresnape, Brian: Maunsell Locomotives - a pictorial history (Ian Allan Ltd, 1977), ISBN 0711007438
• Longworth, Hugh: British Railway Steam Locomotives: 1948-1968 (Oxford Publishing Company: Oxford, 2005) ISBN 0860935930
• Swift, Peter: Maunsell 4-6-0 King Arthur Class (Locomotives in Detail series volume 4) (Hinckley: Ian Allan Publishing, 2006), ISBN 0711030863

[edit] External links

• SEMG gallery