Locomotives of the Midland Railway

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The Midland Railway's locomotives (which it always referred to as engines), followed its small engine policy. The policy was later adopted by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, and contrasted with the London and North Western Railway's policy. It was, perhaps, carried on too long, giving rise to the derisive poem:

M is for Midland with engines galore
Two on each train and asking for more

The small engine policy was partly the consequence of a difference in the background of senior managers. In most railway companies, the elite position was the design, construction and maintenance of locomotives. Bigger engines brought more prestige and allowed longer trains. In the Midland, the marketing department was paramount. They recognised that people wanted more frequent, shorter trains rather than an infrequent service. It concentrated on very light, very fast and frequent trains.

The Midland was blessed, in that George Stephenson had built its main lines with very shallow gradients. The LNWR had to cope with the hilly country north of Manchester. The Midland had also found it more efficient to use smaller, less fuel hungry locos, simply adding pilots or banking engines as necessary.

The Light Engine policy indirectly contributed to several rail accidents in the late-19th and early 20th centuries, such as those at Hawes Junction and Ais Gill. Accidents and less serious incidents were caused by several trains stalling due to insufficent power, even from multiple locomotives, and the much higher number of light engine movements needed over Midland lines to allow locomotives used for multiple heading operations to return to their depots. Both the accidents mentioned above happened in the north of England, on a line known for its steep gradients. On the majority of the Midland network, where frequency of service was more important than gradient performance, the Light Engine policy was used without issue. Only on the relatively few Midland lines with steep, long gradients did it cause these problems.

Contents

[edit] Numbering and classification

Numbering was somewhat erratic. When new locomotives took the numbers of old engines, the old engines were placed on the duplicate list and had an A suffix added to their numbers.

The Midland classified their stock into three classes numbered 1 to 3 with 1 the least powerful and three the most. Stock were also split into passenger and freight engines. Just before grouping class 4 was introduced. This system formed the basis for the subsequent LMS and BR classification systems.

See also LMS locomotive numbering and classification

[edit] Engines inherited from constituent companies

Midland formed in 1844 from the Midland Counties Railway, the North Midland Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, and took over a number of others including the Leicester and Swannington Railway and the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway. See

[edit] Engines built by the Midland

Initially, the Midland concentrated on maintaining and improving the somewhat varied fleet that it had inherited, with the assistance of The Railway Foundry in Leeds. In addition it bought in twenty four of their Jenny Lind locomotives.

[edit] Kirtley (1844-1873)

See Matthew Kirtley

[edit] Johnson (1873-1903)

See Samuel W. Johnson. Classes include:

[edit] Deeley (1903-1909)

See Richard Deeley

[edit] Fowler (1909-1923)

See Henry Fowler

[edit] Clayton

[edit] Liveries

Prior to 1883 painted green. After 1883 the Midland adopted its distinctive crimson lake livery for passenger engines, with unlined black for goods engines.

[edit] Influence on LMS locomotive policy

The LMS continued the Midland's small engine policy until William Stanier arrived in 1933. The last new Midland design was Stanier 0-4-4T of 1932/3 but some Fowler 4Fs were constructed as late as 1940.

[edit] Preservation

Preserved Midland Compound No. 1000.
Preserved Midland Compound No. 1000.

Five original Midland locomotives have survived, these being:

In addition, there are 13 engines of two classes built by the LMS to essentially Midland designs:

  • 4Fs nos (4)4027 (4)4123 and (4)4422
  • 3F Jinties nos 16576/(4)7493, (4)7279 (4)7324, (4)7327, (4)7357, (4)7383 (4)7406 (4)7445 (4)7564 and (4)7298

And two engines built by the Midland for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway:

Further, there are several more engines to later non-Midland designs built at Derby which have survived.

[edit] References

  • Bob Essery and David Jenkinson An illustrated review of Midland locomotives from 1883
    • Vol. 1 - A general survey
    • Vol. 2 - Passenger tender classes
    • Vol. 3 - Tank engines
    • Vol. 4 - Goods tender classes

[edit] External links