List of weather records

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Each of these is understood to be the record for recent history, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented.

Contents

[edit] Heat

[edit] Highest temperature ever recorded

Temperature Location Date
On Earth† 58  °C (136 °F) Al 'Aziziyah, Libya 1922-09-13[1]
North America 56.7 °C (134 °F) Death Valley, California 1913-07-10[1][2]
Canada 45 °C (113 °F) Midale and Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan 1937-07-05[3]
Asia 54 °C (129 °F) Tirat Tsvi, Israel 1942-06-21[1]
India 50.6 °C (123.08 °F) Alwar 1956-05-10[4]
Australia/Oceania‡ 50.7 °C (123 °F) Oodnadatta, South Australia 1960-01-02[1][5]
New Zealand 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) Rangiora, New Zealand 1973-02-07[6]
Europe 50 °C (122 °F) Seville, Spain 1881-08-04[1]
Croatia 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) Ploče 1998-08-05[7]
Czech Republic 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Praha-Uhříněves 1983-07-27[8]
Estonia 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) Võru 1992-08-11[9]
Finland 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) Turku 1914-07-09 [10]
Germany 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe & Freiburg 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-13 [11]
Ireland 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny 1887-06-26[12]
Lithuania 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) Zarasai, Utena County 1994-07-30[13]
Norway 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) Nesbyen, Buskerud 1970-06-20[14]
Romania 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) Ion Sion, Brăila County 1951-08-10[15]
Poland 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Prószków 1921-07-29[16]
Slovenia 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) Črnomelj 1950-07-05[17]
Sweden 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) Ultuna / Målilla 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[18]
United Kingdom 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) Brogdale, Kent 2003-08-10[19]
South America 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) Villa de María, Argentina 1920-01-02[20][1]
Antarctica 15 °C (59 °F) Vanda Station, Scott Coast 1974-01-05[1]
South Pole −14.0 °C (7.5 °F) 1978-12-27[3]
†There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of an incredible 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June of 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[21]
‡On 1889-01-16, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[1]

[edit] Other warm records

[edit] Cold

[edit] Coldest temperatures ever recorded

Temperature Location Date
On earth −89.6 °C (−128.6 °F) Vostok Station, Antarctica 1983-07-31[22][2][1]
Asia −68 °C (−90 °F) Verkhoyansk and
Oymyakon, both Russia		 1892-02-07
1933-02-06[1]
North America −66 °C (−87 °F) Northice, Greenland 1954-01-09[1]
excluding Greenland −63 °C (−81 °F) Snag, Yukon Territory, Canada 1947-02-03[2][1]
United States −62 °C (−80 °F) Prospect Creek, Alaska 1971-01-23[2]
Contiguous United States −56.5 °C (−70 °F) Rogers Pass, Montana 1954-01-20[23]
Europe −55 °C (−67 °F) Ust 'Shchugor, Russia date unknown[1]
Croatia −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) Čakovec 1929-02-03[24]
Czech Republic −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) Litvínovice 1929-02-11[25]
Estonia −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) Jõgeva 1940-01-17[26]
Finland −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) Kittilä 1999-01-28[27]
Ireland −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) Markree Castle, County Sligo 1881-01-16[12]
Lithuania −42.9 °C(−45.2 °F) Utena, Utena County 1956-02-01[13]
Norway −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) Karasjok, Finnmark 1886-01-01[14]
Romania −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) Bod, Braşov County 1942-01-25[15]
Poland −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Siedlce 1940-01-11[15]
Slovenia −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) Babno Polje 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[17]
Sweden −53 °C (−63.4 °F) Malgovik, Lappland 1941-12-13[28]
United Kingdom −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) Braemar, Grampian
Altnaharra		 1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10
1995-12-30[19]
South America −39 °C (−38.2 °F) Valle de los Patos Superior, Argentina 1972-07-17[20]
Africa −24 °C (−11 °F) Ifrane, Morocco 1935-02-11[1]
Australia/Oceania −23 °C (−9.4 °F) Charlotte Pass, Australia 1994-06-29[1]
Hawaii −11.1 °C (12 °F) Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaiʻi 1979-05-17[1]
New Zealand −21.6°C (−6.9 °F) Ophir, New Zealand 1995-07-03[6]

[edit] Other cold records

[edit] Precipitation

[edit] Rain

[edit] Snow

[edit] Tornadoes

Further information: Tornado records

[edit] Deadliest in history

[edit] Earliest known

[edit] Outbreaks

  • Deadliest: 747 were killed by the Tri-State Tornado and associated outbreak on 1925-03-18.[2]
  • Largest and most severe: 148 tornadoes occurred in 16 hours on 03 April to 04 April 1974. They affected 13 US states and Ontario, Canada, and included 24 F4's and 6 F5's, more F5's than have been reported in any other year. There were also more significant tornadoes during that 24 hours than any other entire week on record.[2]

[edit] Tropical cyclones

Further information: List of notable tropical cyclones

[edit] Most intense (by minimum air pressure)

[edit] Other severe weather

A picture of the largest hailstone ever officially measured, almost 0.5 meters (19 inches) in circumference.
A picture of the largest hailstone ever officially measured, almost 0.5 meters (19 inches) in circumference.

[edit] Hail

[edit] Lightning

[edit] Other categories

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Lyons, Walter A (1997). The Handy Weather Answer Book, 2nd Edition, Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press. ISBN 0-7876-1034-8. 
  3. ^ a b [1] Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  4. ^ http://www.igu.in/9-3/3usde.pdf
  5. ^ World Temperature Extremes Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  6. ^ a b [http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/NaturalEnvironment/3/en Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007
  7. ^ http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2006%5C06%5C03%5C34A34.PDF
  8. ^ Česká republika - Česká nej - www.atlasceska.cz
  9. ^ EMHI
  10. ^ Ilmatieteen laitos - Sää ja ilmasto - Ilmastotilastot - Ilman lämpötila
  11. ^ http://www.dwd.de/de/wir/Interessantes/Rekorde/Lufttemperatur/HoechsttemperaturenBRD1.pdf
  12. ^ a b Temperature - Climate - Met Éireann - The Irish Meteorological Service Online
  13. ^ a b www.meteo.lt (Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje)
  14. ^ a b Klima - met.no
  15. ^ a b c [2]
  16. ^ Zakład Klimatologii - Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków
  17. ^ a b http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf
  18. ^ SMHI
  19. ^ a b Met Office: Extreme weather
  20. ^ a b http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina).
  21. ^ Burt, Christopher C [2004]. Extreme Weather. W. W. Norton & Company, p. 36. ISBN 0-393-32658-6. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. 
  22. ^ Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature" (in Russian). Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (105). Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat. 
  23. ^ http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001377.html
  24. ^ http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2006%5C06%5C03%5C34A34.PDF
  25. ^ Česká republika - Česká nej - www.atlasceska.cz
  26. ^ EMHI
  27. ^ Ilmatieteen laitos - Sää ja ilmasto - Ilmastotilastot - Lämpötilaennätyksiä - kk
  28. ^ http://www.smhi.se/cmp/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=7522&a=20978&l=sv SMHI
  29. ^ Atacama Desert @ National Geographic Magazine
  30. ^ SPACE.com - 101 Amazing Earth Facts
  31. ^ NOAA: Mt. Baker snowfall record sticks
  32. ^ Tornadoes in Bangladesh
  33. ^ a b TORRO: Research: Tornado Extremes
  34. ^ Tropical Cyclone Report
  35. ^ Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book
  36. ^ a b http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherextremes.pdf
  37. ^ Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found
  38. ^ Cerveny, Randall S.; Jay Lawrimore, Roger Edwards, and Christopher Landsea (June 2007). "Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication.". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88 (6): 853–860. doi:10.1175/BAMS-88-6-853. 
  39. ^ NASA - NASA Satellite Identifies the World's Most Intense Thunderstorms
  40. ^ NOVA | The Deadliest Plane Crash | Room For Error | PBS
  41. ^ NCDC: Climate-Watch, December 2001
  42. ^ Lee, Julian J.; Timothy P. Samaras, Carl R. Young (October 2004). "Pressure Measurements at the ground in an F-4 tornado". Preprints of the 22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society.