List of epidemics
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This article is a list of major epidemics.
Contents |
[edit] Worldwide Pandemics
- 165-180: Antonine Plague, perhaps smallpox
- 541: the Plague of Justinian[1]
- 1300s: the Black Death
- 1501-1587: typhus
- 1732-1733: influenza
- 1775-1776: influenza
- 1816-1826: cholera
- 1829-1851: cholera
- 1847-1848: influenza
- 1852-1860: cholera
- 1855-1950s: bubonic plague: Third Pandemic
- 1857-1859: influenza
- 1863-1875: cholera
- 1889-1892: influenza
- 1899-1923: cholera
- 1918-1920: avian flu: Spanish flu: more people were hospitalized in World War I from this epidemic than wounds. Estimates of the dead range from 20 to 100 million worldwide (WHO)
- 1960s: cholera called El Tor
- 1980s to present: HIV
[edit] Regional
[edit] Asia
- 1334: Black Death - China[2]
- 1349: Black Death - Mecca[3]
- 1353-1354: Black Death - China
- 1560: plague - Istanbul, the Ottoman capital
- 1812: plague - Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
- 1829-1835: plague - Persia
- 1957-1958: avian influenza: Asian flu
- 1968-1969: avian influenza: Hong Kong flu
- 1994: plague - India
- 1997: avian influenza - China, Hong Kong
- 2002-2003: SARS
- 2004: dengue fever - Indonesia
- 2004: cholera - Bangladesh[4]
- 2006: dengue fever - Philippines
- 2006: dengue fever - Pakistan
- 2007: cholera - Iraq[5]
- 2008: Hand, foot and mouth disease - China
[edit] Africa
- 1840: smallpox - Cape Town
- 1896-1906: sleeping sickness - Congo basin[6]
- 1900-1920: sleeping sickness - Uganda[7]
- 2001: cholera - Nigeria[8]
- 2001: cholera - South Africa[9]
- 2004: ebola - Sudan
- 2006: plague - Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 2006: cholera - Luanda, Angola[10]
- 2007: ebola - Mweka, Democratic Republic of the Congo[11]
- 2007: cholera - Ethiopia[12]
- 2007: ebola - Uganda
- 2007: cholera - Somalia[13]
- 2008: plague - Madagascar[14]
- 2008: cholera - Chad[15]
[edit] Australia
- 1789-1790: smallpox - Aborigines of NSW[16]
- 1828: smallpox - Aborigines of New South Wales[17]
- 1829: smallpox - South Australia[18]
- 1857: smallpox - Victoria[19]
- 1867: measles - Sydney
[edit] Central and South America
- 1493: influenza - Hispaniola
- 1507: smallpox - Hispaniola[20]
- 1515: smallpox - Puerto Rico
- 1518: smallpox - Hispaniola
- 1520: smallpox - Mexico[21]
- 1527-1530: smallpox - Peru
- 1530-1531: measles - Mexico, Peru
- 1546: typhus - Mexico, Peru
- 1555: smallpox - Brazil
- 1558-1559: influenza - Mexico, Peru
- early 1600s: malaria
- 1648: yellow fever
- 1990s: cholera
- 2007: dengue fever - Puerto Rico
- 2008: dengue fever - Brazil
[edit] Europe
- 1347-1351: Black Death
- 1428: plague - London, England[22]
- 1466: plague - Paris, France
- 1489: typhus - Granada, Spain
- 1485: sweating sickness - England
- 1494-1495: plague - Iceland
- 1498: plague - England[23]
- 1509-1510: plague - England
- 1527: plague - Germany
- 1557: plague - Valencia, Spain
- 1563-1564: plague - England
- 1570: plague - Moscow, Russia
- 1574: plague - Edinburgh, Scotland
- 1596-1602 - plague - Spain[24]
- 1603: plague - London, England
- 1630: Great Plague of Milan - Milan, Italy
- 1630-1631 - plague - Venice, Italy
- 1636: plague - Newcastle, England
- 1647-1652: Great Plague of Seville - Spain
- 1656: plague - Naples, Italy
- 1663-1664: plague - Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 1665: Great Plague of London - London, England
- 1668: plague - France
- 1676-1685 - plague - Spain
- 1679: Great Plague of Vienna - Vienna, Austria
- 1710-1711: plague - Stockholm, Sweden
- 1720-1722: Great Plague of Marseille - France
- 1743: plague - Messina, Italy
- 1771: plague - Moscow, Russia
- 1813: plague - Bucharest, Romania
- 1816-1819: typhus - Ireland
- 1832: cholera - London, Paris
- 1866-1867: cholera - Russia, Germany
- 1870-1871: smallpox - Germany
- 1881-1896: cholera - Hamburg, Germany
- 1918-1922: typhus - Russia
- 1972: smallpox - Yugoslavia
[edit] Egypt
- 1801: plague
- 1831: cholera
- 1834-1836: plague
- 1848, 1865, 1881: cholera
- 1902: cholera
- 1942-1944: falciparum malaria
- 1946: relapsing fever
- 1947: cholera
[edit] North America
- 1592-1596: measles - Seneca Indians[25]
- 1617-1619: smallpox - Massachusetts Bay area[26]
- 1630: smallpox - Hurons of Ontario
- 1634: smallpox - Indians living along the Connecticut River
- 1633: smallpox - Plymouth Colony
- 1657: measles - Boston, Massachusetts
- 1687: measles - Boston, Massachusetts
- 1690: yellow fever - New York, New York
- 1713: measles - Boston, Massachusetts
- 1713-1715: measles - Indians of New England and the Great Lakes
- 1721-1722:smallpox - Boston, Massachusetts
- 1729: measles - Boston, Massachusetts
- 1738: smallpox - South Carolina
- 1739-1740: measles - Boston, Massachusetts
- 1747: measles - Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina
- 1755-1756: smallpox - North America
- 1759: measles - North America
- 1761: influenza - North America and West Indies
- 1770s: smallpox - Northwest Coast Indians[27]
- 1772: measles - North America
- 1775: unknown cause - North America, particularly in the northeast
- 1780-1782 - Plains Indians[28]
- 1783: bilious disorder - Dover, Delaware
- 1788: measles - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York
- 1788: smallpox - Pueblo Indians
- 1793: influenza and "putrid fever" - Vermont
- 1793: influenza - Virginia
- 1793: Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[29]
- 1793: unknown - Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
- 1793: unknown - Middletown, Pennsylvania
- 1794: yellow fever - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- 1796-1797: yellow fever - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- 1798: yellow fever - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- 1803: yellow fever - New York
- 1820-1823: fever - United States spreading from the Schuylkill River
- 1831-1832: Asiatic cholera - United States (brought by English immigrants)
- 1831-1834: smallpox - Plains Indians
- 1832: cholera - New York City and other major cities
- 1833: cholera - Columbus, Ohio
- 1834: cholera - New York City
- 1837: typhus - Philadelphia
- 1837-38 smallpox epidemic - Great Plains
- 1841: yellow fever - United States (especially severe in the South)
- 1847: yellow fever New Orleans
- 1848-1849: cholera - North America
- 1849: cholera New York
- 1850: yellow fever - United States
- 1850-1851: influenza - North America
- 1851: cholera Coles County, Illinois, The Great Plains, and Missouri
- 1852: yellow fever - United States (New Orleans-8,000 die in summer)
- 1855: yellow fever - United States
- 1860-1861: smallpox - Pennsylvania
- 1865-1873: smallpox - Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, New Orleans
- 1865-1873: cholera - Baltimore, Maryland, Memphis, Washington, DC
- 1865-1873: recurring epidemics of typhus, typhoid, scarlet fever, and yellow fever
- 1873-1875: influenza - North America and Europe
- 1876: smallpox - Deadwood, South Dakota
- 1878: yellow fever - Memphis, New Orleans
- 1885: typhoid - Plymouth, Pennsylvania
- 1886: yellow fever - Jacksonville, Florida
- 1918-1920: Spanish flu - Fort Riley, Kansas
- 1999-2003: West Nile virus - United States
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ The History of the Bubonic Plague
- ^ On the trail of the Black Death
- ^ The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death)
- ^ Self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: Role of host-mediated amplification of phage
- ^ Cholera outbreak in Iraq growing, Associated Press
- ^ African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), WHO
- ^ Reanalyzing the 1900-1920 sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda
- ^ Nigeria cholera outbreak kills 400
- ^ Cholera Spreads Through South Africa Townships
- ^ Worst cholera outbreak in Angola, BBC
- ^ "Mourners die as fever grips Congo." Sydney Morning Herald, August 30, 2007
- ^ Fatal outbreak not a cholera epidemic, insists Ethiopia
- ^ Somalia cholera death fears grow
- ^ Madagascar: eighteen dead from Bubonic Plague, five in hospital since 1 January 2008
- ^ Cholera epidemic in western Chad kills 123
- ^ BC [Before Cook and Colonisation]
- ^ Aboriginal Health History
- ^ South Australian History Timeline (19th Century)
- ^ Australian Medical Pioneers Index (AMPI) - Colonial Medical Life
- ^ Texas Department of State Health Services, History of Smallpox
- ^ Guns Germs & Steel: Variables. Smallpox
- ^ Plague - LoveToKnow 1911
- ^ Plague in Tudor and Stuart England
- ^ A History of Spain and Portugal
- ^ American Indian Epidemics
- ^ The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge
- ^ Greg Lange,"Smallpox epidemic ravages Native Americans on the northwest coast of North America in the 1770s", 23 Jan 2003, HistoryLink.org, Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History, accessed 2 Jun 2008
- ^ The first smallpox epidemic on the Canadian Plains: In the fur-traders' words
- ^ Epidemics
[edit] References
[edit] On Egypt
- Kuhnke, Laverne. Lives at Risk: Public Health in Nineteenth-Century Egypt.[1] Berkeley: University of California Press, c1990.
- Gallagher, Nancy. Egypt's Other Wars: Epidemics and the Politics of Public Health. Syracuse University Press, c1990. Published by the American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-424-295-5

