List of IBM acquisitions and spinoffs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is a partial list of IBM acquisitions and spinoffs. IBM has undergone a large number of mergers and acquisitions during a corporate history lasting over a century; the company has also produced a number of spinoffs during that time.

The acquisition date listed is the date of the agreement between IBM and the subject of the acquisition. The value of each acquisition is listed in US$ because IBM is based in the United States. If the value of an acquisition is not listed, then it is undisclosed.

Contents
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[edit] Acquisitions before 1930

[edit] 1889 - 1909

  • 1889 Bundy Manufacturing Company incorporated.
  • 1891 Computing Scale Company incorporated.
  • 1893 Dey Patents Company (Dey Time Registers) incorporated.
  • 1894 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester, New York) incorporated.
  • 1896
    • Detroit Automatic Scale Company incorporated.
    • Tabulating Machine Company incorporated.
  • 1899 Standard Time Stamp Company acquired by Bundy Manufacturing Company.
  • 1900 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester) acquired by International Time Recording Company.
    • Chicago Time-Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
    • Dayton Moneyweight Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
    • Detroit Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
  • 1902 Bundy Manufacturing Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
  • 1907 Dey Time Registers acquired by International Time Recording Company.
  • 1908 Syracuse Time Recording Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.

[edit] 1910 - 1929

  • 1911
    • Computing Scale Company acquired by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R).
    • International Time Recording Company acquired by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R).
    • Tabulating Machine Company acquired by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R).
  • 1917
    • American Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R) as International Scale Company.
    • C-T-R opens in Canada as International Business Machines Company Limited.
  • 1921
    • Pierce Accounting Machine Company (asset purchase).
    • Ticketograph Company (of Chicago).
  • 1924 C-T-R renamed International Business Machines Corporation.\

[edit] Acquisitions during 1930-1999

[edit] 1930 - 1949

  • 1930 Automatic Accounting Scale Company.
  • 1932 National Counting Scale Company.
  • 1933 Electromatic Typewriters Inc. (See: IBM Electromatic typewriter)
  • 1941 Munitions Manufacturing Corporation.

[edit] 1950 - 1969

  • 1959 Pierce Wire Recorder Corporation.
  • 1964 Science Research Associates.

[edit] 1970 - 1989

[edit] 1990 - 2000

  • 1995 Lotus Development Corporation for $3.5 billion.
  • 1996
  • 1997
    • Software Artistry for $200 million.
    • Unison Software.
    • Dominion Semiconductor (Manassas, VA) is created by forming a 50/50 joint venture with Toshiba to produce 64MB and 256MB DRAM chips. Administrative offices are located in Building 131 the former IBM Federal Systems campus now primarily owned by Lockheed Martin; the new state-of-the-art fabrication facility was built from on adjacent land.
  • 1998 CommQuest Technologies.
  • 1999

[edit] Acquisitions since 2000

Acquisition Date Company Business Country Value (USD) References
02001-06-07 07 June 2001 Mainspring Business strategy consulting Flag of the United States USA $&0000000080000000.00000080,000,000 [1]
02001-07-02 2 July 2001 Informix Corporation Database Software Flag of the United States USA $&0000001000000000.0000001,000,000,000 [2]
02002-01-14 14 January 2002 CrossWorlds Software, Inc. Software Flag of the United States USA $&0000000129000000.000000129,000,000 [3]
02002-06-25 25 June 2002 Metamerge Identity management Flag of Norway NOR [4]
02002-08-19 19 August 2002 Trellisoft, Inc. Enterprise storage Flag of the United States USA [5]
02002-09-12 12 September 2002 Holosofx, Inc. Software Flag of the United States USA [6]
02002-10-02 2 October 2002 PWC Consulting from PricewaterhouseCoopers Business Consulting and Technology Services Flag of the United States USA $&0000003500000000.0000003,500,000,000 [7]
02002-10-06 6 October 2002 Access360 Software Flag of the United States USA [8]
02002-10-07 7 October 2002 EADS Matra Datavision Product lifecycle management Flag of the United States USA [9]
02002-11-15 15 November 2002 Tarian Software Records Management Flag of Canada CAN [10]
02003-02-21 21 February 2003 Rational Software Corporation Software Development Flag of the United States USA $&0000002100000000.0000002,100,000,000 [11]
02003-05-14 14 May 2003 Think Dynamics Software Flag of Canada CAN [12]
02003-07-01 1 July 2003 Information Laboratory Software Flag of the United States USA [13]
02003-07-15 15 July 2003 Aptrix Software Flag of Australia AUS [14]
02003-10-17 17 October 2003 CrossAccess Corporation Enterprise Information Integration Flag of the United States USA [15]
02003-11-13 13 November 2003 Productivity Solutions, Inc. Automated Self-Checkout Systems Flag of the United States USA [16]
02003-12-17 17 December 2003 Green Pasture Software, Inc. Content management software Flag of the United States USA [17]
02004-04-06 6 April 2004 Trigo Technologies Software Flag of the United States USA [18]
02004-04-13 13 April 2004 Business Continuity Services unit of Schlumberger IT Services Flag of France FRA [19]
02004-06-07 7 June 2004 Candle Corporation Software Flag of the United States USA [20]
02004-07-14 14 July 2004 Alphablox Corporation Business Intelligence Flag of the United States USA [21]
02004-07-29 29 July 2004 Cyanea Systems Software Flag of the United States USA [22]
02004-10-07 7 October 2004 Venetica Enterprise Information Integration Flag of the United States USA [23]
02004-11-19 19 November 2004 Systemcorp ALG Ltd. Software Flag of Canada CAN [24]
02004-11-23 23 November 2004 Liberty Insurance Services Business process services Flag of the United States USA [25]
02004-12-01 01 December 2004 Maersk Data and DMdata from Maersk IT Services Flag of Denmark DEN [26]
02004-12-13 13 December 2004 KeyMRO Procurement Services Flag of France FRA [27]
02005-01-07 7 January 2005 SRD Identity management Flag of the United States USA [28]
02005-03-16 16 March 2005 Corio Application Services Flag of the United States USA $&0000000182000000.000000182,000,000 [29]
02005-04-29 29 April 2005 Ascential Software Corporation Enterprise Information Integration Flag of the United States USA $&0000001100000000.0000001,100,000,000 [30]
02005-05-10 10 May 2005 Gluecode Software Application Server Flag of the United States USA [31]
02005-06-23 23 June 2005 Meiosys Application Management Flag of the United States USA, Flag of France FRA [32]
02005-07-25 25 July 2005 PureEdge Solutions, Inc. Electronic Forms Flag of Canada CAN [33]
02005-07-27 27 July 2005 Isogon Corporation Asset Management Flag of the United States USA [34]
02005-08-02 2 August 2005 DWL Enterprise Information Integration Flag of the United States USA, Flag of Canada CAN [35]
02005-10-14 14 October 2005 DataPower Technology, Inc. Software Flag of the United States USA [36]
02005-11-01 1 November 2005 iPhrase Systems, Inc. Software Flag of the United States USA [37]
02005-11-10 10 November 2005 Network Solutions Pvt Ltd IT Services Flag of India IND [38]
02005-11-15 15 November 2005 Collation, Inc. Network management Flag of the United States USA [39]
02005-12-20 20 December 2005 Bowstreet, Inc. Software Flag of the United States USA [40]
02006-01-27 27 January 2006 ARGUS Semiconductor Software From INFICON Semiconductor Manufacturing software Flag of the United States USA [41]
02006-01-20 20 January 2006 CIMS Lab, Inc. Application Virtualization Flag of the United States USA [42]
02006-02-08 08 February 2006 Viacore, Inc. Supply chain optimization Flag of the United States USA [43]
02006-02-14 14 February 2006 Micromuse, Inc. Network management Flag of the United States USA $&0000000865000000.000000865,000,000 [44]
02006-03-16 16 March 2006 Language Analysis Systems Identity management Flag of the United States USA [45]
02006-05-02 2 May 2006 BuildForge, Inc. Software Development Flag of the United States USA [46]
02006-05-05 5 May 2006 Unicorn Solutions, Inc. Metadata management Flag of the United States USA [47]
02006-06-27 27 June 2006 Rembo Technology Installation Software Flag of Switzerland SUI [48]
02006-08-01 1 August 2006 Webify Solutions, Inc Service Oriented Architecture software Flag of the United States USA [49]
02006-09-06 06 September 2006 Global Value Solutions IT Services Flag of Brazil BRA [50]
02006-10-04 4 October 2006 DORANA product line from Ubiquity Pty Limited Asset Management Flag of Australia AUS [51]
02006-10-05 5 October 2006 MRO Software Asset Management Flag of the United States USA $&0000000740000000.000000740,000,000 [52]
02006-10-12 12 October 2006 FileNet Corporation Content management software Flag of the United States USA $&0000001600000000.0000001,600,000,000 [53]
02006-10-20 20 October 2006 Internet Security Systems (ISS) Information security Flag of the United States USA $&0000001300000000.0000001,300,000,000 [54]
02006-10-20 20 October 2006 Palisades Technology Partners Management consulting Flag of the United States USA [55]
02007-01-22 22 January 2007 Consul Risk Management, Inc. Information security Flag of the Netherlands NED [56]
02007-02-13 13 February 2007 Vallent Corporation Telecommunications Management Flag of the United States USA [57]
02007-03-01 01 March 2007 Softek Storage Solutions Corporation Data Mobility Flag of the United States USA [58]
02007-07-20 20 July 2007 Watchfire Corporation Security Software Testing Flag of the United States USA [59]
02007-08-21 21 August 2007 WebDialogs Software Flag of the United States USA [60]
02007-08-31 31 August 2007 DataMirror Corporation Change Management Flag of Canada CAN $&0000000161000000.000000161,000,000 [61]
02007-09-10 10 September 2007 Princeton Softech, Inc. Business Intelligence Flag of the United States USA [62]
02007-10-24 24 October 2007 NovusCG Data Storage Flag of the United States USA [63]
02008-01-02 02 January 2008 XIV Enterprise storage Flag of Israel ISR [64]
02008-01-18 18 January 2008 AptSoft Corporation Business Intelligence Flag of the United States USA [65]
02008-01-29 29 January 2008 Solid Information Technology Database Software Flag of the United States USA, Flag of Finland FIN [66]
02008-01-31 31 January 2008 Cognos Business Intelligence Flag of Canada CAN $&0000005000000000.0000005,000,000,000 [67]
02008-01-31 31 January 2008 Arsenal Digital Solutions Information security Flag of the United States USA [68]
02008-02-15 15 February 2008 Net Integration Technologies Inc. Business Server Software Flag of Canada CAN [69]
02008-03-11 11 March 2008 Encentuate, Inc. Authentication Software Flag of the United States USA [70]
02008-04-03 3 April 2008 Telelogic AB Software Flag of the United States USA, Flag of Sweden SWE $&0000000845000000.000000845,000,000 [71]
02008-04-18 18 April 2008 Diligent Technologies Data De-duplication Flag of the United States USA [72]
02008-04-21 21 April 2008 FilesX Application Recovery Software Flag of the United States USA, Flag of Israel ISR [73]
02008-04-29 29 April 2008 InfoDyne Corporation Data Feed Connectors Flag of the United States USA [74]

[edit] Spinoffs

  • 1934 Dayton Scale Division is sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company.
  • 1942 Ticketograph Division is sold to the National Postal Meter Company.
  • 1958 Time Equipment Division is sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company.
  • Prodigy, formerly a joint venture with Sears, Roebuck and Company. It's not sure information. Joint venture with Sears was Advantis.
  • AT&T Business Internet
  • 1985 Satellite Business Systems sold to MCI Communications
  • 1988 Copier/Duplicator business, including service and support contracts, sold to Eastman Kodak. [1] [2]
  • ARDIS mobile packet network, a joint venture with Motorola. Now Motient.
  • 1991 Lexmark (keyboards, typewriters, and printers). IBM Retained a 10% interest. Lexmark has sold its keyboard and typewriter businesses. IBM Printing Systems now competes with Lexmark.
  • Taligent, a joint software venture with Apple Computer.
  • Kalieda, a joint Multimedia software venture with Apple Computer.
  • 1994 Xyratex — enterprise data storage subsystems and network technology; formed in a management buy-out from IBM.
  • 1995 Advantis (Advanced Value-Added Networking Technology of IBM & Sears, a voice and data network company). Joint Venture with IBM holding 70%, Sears holding 30%. AT&T acquired the infrastructure portion of Advantis in 1999, becoming the AT&T Global Network. IBM retained the business and strategic outsourcing portions of the joint venture.
  • 1994 Federal Systems Division sold to Loral becoming Loral Federal Systems. The Federal Systems Division performed work for NASA.
  • 1996 Celestica — Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS).
  • 1999 Dominion Semiconductor (DSC) IBM sells its 50% share to JV partner Toshiba. DSC becomes a wholly-owned subsidiary of Toshiba.
  • 2002 on December 31, 2002, IBM sold its HDD business to Hitachi Global Storage Technologies for approximately $2 billion. Hitachi Global Storage Technologies now provides many of the hardware storage devices formerly provided by IBM, including IBM Harddrives & The Microdrive. IBM continues to develop storage systems, including tape backup, storage software and enterprise storage.
  • December, 2004 — Lenovo Group acquires 90% interest in IBM Personal Systems Group, 10,000 employees and $9 billion in revenue.
  • 2007 January 25, 3-year joint venture with IBM Printing Systems division and Ricoh to form new Ricoh-owned subsidiary, InfoPrint Solutions Company, for $725 million.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ IBM (2001-06-07). "IBM Completes Mainspring Acquisition". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  2. ^ IBM (2001-07-02). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Informix Database Assets". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  3. ^ IBM (2002-01-14). "IBM Completes Acquisition of CrossWorlds Software". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  4. ^ IBM (2002-06-25). "IBM Acquires Metamerge, Adds Directory Integration Software to IBM's Infrastructure Portfolio". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  5. ^ IBM (2002-08-29). "IBM Acquires TrelliSoft, Extends Leadership in Storage Management Software Market". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  6. ^ IBM (2002-09-12). "IBM Acquires Holosofx to Extend WebSphere Business Integration Software Portfolio". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  7. ^ IBM (2002-10-02). "IBM, PricewaterhouseCoopers Complete Sale of PwC Consulting". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  8. ^ IBM (2002-09-03). "IBM to Acquire Access360". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  9. ^ IBM (2002-10-07). "IBM To Acquire EADS Matra Datavision". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  10. ^ IBM (2002-11-15). "IBM Completes Acquisition Of Tarian Software IBM Completes Acquisition Of Tarian Software". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  11. ^ IBM (2003-02-21). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Rational Software". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  12. ^ IBM (2003-05-13). "IBM Acquires Think Dynamics". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  13. ^ Error on call to Template:cite press release: Parameter title must be specified
  14. ^ IBM (2003-07-15). "IBM Acquires Aptrix; Strengthens its Software Portfolio with Web Content Management Software". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  15. ^ IBM (2003-10-14). "IBM to Acquire CrossAccess Technology, Extends Leadership in Information Integration". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  16. ^ IBM (2003-11-13). "IBM Acquires Retail Self-Checkout Leader, PSI". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  17. ^ IBM (2003-12-17). "IBM Acquires Green Pasture Software, Extends Leadership in Enterprise Content Management". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  18. ^ IBM (2004-04-06). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Trigo Technologies". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  19. ^ IBM (2004-04-13). "IBM Acquires the Business Continuity Services unit of Schlumberger". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  20. ^ IBM (2004-06-07). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Candle Corporation". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  21. ^ IBM (2004-07-14). "IBM to Acquire Alphablox Corporation, Strengthens Leadership in Business Intelligence". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  22. ^ IBM (2004-07-29). "IBM To Acquire Cyanea". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  23. ^ IBM (2004-10-07). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Venetica". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  24. ^ IBM (2004-12-19). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Systemcorp". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  25. ^ IBM (2004-11-23). "IBM to Acquire Liberty Insurance Services". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  26. ^ IBM (2004-12-01). "IBM Increases Consulting and IT Services Capability with Acquisitions and Seals Services Deals Worth in Excess of $1 Billion". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  27. ^ IBM (2004-12-13). "IBM to Acquire KeyMRO, Procurement Services Leader in Europe and North America". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  28. ^ IBM (2005-01-07). "IBM Acquires SRD, Breaks New Ground in Identity Resolution Software". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  29. ^ IBM (2005-03-16). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Corio". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  30. ^ IBM (2005-05-02). "IBM Completes Acquisition Of Ascential Software". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  31. ^ IBM (2005-05-10). "IBM Acquires Gluecode Software; Acquisition Builds On IBM Support For Open Source Technology; Expands Customer And Business Partner Choice For WebSphere Software". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  32. ^ IBM (2005-06-23). "IBM Acquires Meiosys". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  33. ^ IBM (2005-08-05). "IBM Formally Acquires PureEdge Solutions Inc., Pledges Support for Emerging Electronic Forms Standard Called Xforms". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  34. ^ IBM (2005-07-27). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Isogon Corporation". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  35. ^ IBM (2005-09-01). "IBM Formally Acquires DWL, Enhancing Data Integration Portfolio". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  36. ^ IBM (2005-10-18). "http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7952.wss". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  37. ^ IBM (2005-11-01). "IBM Acquires the Business of iPhrase Systems, Inc.". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  38. ^ CBR Staff Writer (2005-11-10). IBM grows Indian presence with Network Solutions takeover. CBR. Retrieved on 2008-05-02.
  39. ^ IBM (2005-11-16). "IBM Acquires Collation". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  40. ^ IBM (2005-12-20). "IBM Acquires Bowstreet, Inc. to Help Customers Quickly Create Portals that Integrate Existing Business Applications". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  41. ^ IBM (2006-01-27). "IBM Acquires ARGUS Semiconductor Software From INFICON". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  42. ^ IBM (2006-01-25). "IBM Acquires CIMS Lab, Inc.". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  43. ^ IBM (2006-02-08). "IBM to Enhance Its Supply Chain BTO Offering". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  44. ^ IBM (2006-02-15). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Micromuse Inc.". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  45. ^ IBM (2006-03-16). "Ibm To Acquire Language Analysis Systems, Inc.". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  46. ^ IBM (2006-05-02). "IBM Acquires BuildForge, Inc. to Help Organizations Meet Compliance Demands". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  47. ^ IBM (2006-05-08). "IBM Acquires the Business of Unicorn Solutions, Inc.". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  48. ^ IBM (2006-05-18). "IBM To Acquire Rembo Technology to Automate Software Installation". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  49. ^ IBM. "IBM Acquires Webify". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  50. ^ IBM. "IBM Acquires Full Ownership of Brazilian SMB Services Firm Global Value Solutions". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  51. ^ IBM (2006-10-04). "IBM Acquires Ubiquity's DORANA Product Line". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  52. ^ IBM (2006-10-05). "IBM Completes Acquisition of MRO Software, Inc.". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  53. ^ IBM (2006-10-12). "IBM Completes Acquisition of FileNet Corporation". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  54. ^ IBM (2006-10-20). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Internet Security Systems". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  55. ^ IBM (2006-11-10). "IBM Completes the Acquisition of Palisades Technology Partners". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  56. ^ IBM (2007-01-24). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Consul". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  57. ^ IBM (2007-02-14). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Vallent". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  58. ^ IBM (2007-03-01). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Softek". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  59. ^ IBM (2007-07-23). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Watchfire". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  60. ^ IBM (2007-08-22). "IBM Acquires WebDialogs to Expand Web Conferencing Capabilities in Industry-Leading Lotus Sametime". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  61. ^ IBM (2007-09-04). "IBM Completes Acquisition of DataMirror". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  62. ^ IBM (2007-09-13). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Princeton Softech". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  63. ^ IBM (2007-10-24). "IBM Acquires Storage Solutions Company NovusCG". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  64. ^ IBM (2008-01-02). "IBM Acquires XIV". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  65. ^ IBM (2008-01-23). "IBM Acquires AptSoft to Expand Portfolio in Burgeoning Business Events Software Market". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  66. ^ IBM (2007-12-21). "IBM to Acquire Solid Information Technology to Broaden Information on Demand Portfolio". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  67. ^ IBM (2008-01-31). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Cognos". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  68. ^ IBM (2008-02-01). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Arsenal Digital Solutions". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  69. ^ IBM (2008-01-18). "IBM Reaches Agreement to Acquire Net Integration Technologies Inc.". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  70. ^ IBM (2008-03-12). "IBM Acquires Encentuate". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  71. ^ IBM (2008-04-03). "IBM Completes Acquisition of Telelogic AB". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  72. ^ IBM (2008-04-18). "IBM Acquires Storage Company Diligent Technologies". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  73. ^ IBM (2008-04-21). "IBM Completes Acquisition of FilesX". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  74. ^ IBM (2008-04-29). "IBM Acquires InfoDyne to Create World-Class Platform for Market Data Delivery". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
  75. ^ http://www.blinkenlights.com/classiccmp/friden/bmast.txt