User:JonSDSUGrad/Sandbox/PBB Log Wiki Test No Upload2
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Contents |
[edit] Log file for Protein Box Bot
Log page index: User:JonSDSUGrad/Sandbox/PBB_Log_Index
[edit] Quick Protein List - Date: 20:19, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
| AKT1 | APOE | APP |
| AR | BCL2 | BRCA1 |
| CASP3 | CDKN1A | CDKN2A |
| CTNNB1 | EGFR | HER2 |
| ESR1 | HIF1A | HLA-B |
| IGF1 | IL1B | IL6 |
| IL8 | IL10 | ITGB1 |
| MMP9 | NFKB1 | PPARG |
| PRKCA | MAPK1 | PTGS2 |
| RB1 | SRC | TGFB1 |
| TNF | TP53 | VEGFA |
[edit] Condensed Log - Date: 20:19, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
[edit] Created Protein Pages
| AKT1 | BCL2 | CASP3 | CDKN1A | CDKN2A |
| HIF1A | IL8 | ITGB1 | MAPK1 | MMP9 |
| NFKB1 | PPARG | PRKCA | PTGS2 | TGFB1 |
| VEGFA |
[edit] Updated Protein Pages
| ERBB2 |
[edit] Skipped Proteins
| APOE | APP | AR | BRCA1 | CTNNB1 |
| EGFR | ERBB2 | ESR1 | HLA-B | IGF1 |
| IL10 | IL1B | IL6 | RB1 | SRC |
| TNF | TP53 |
[edit] Vebose Log - Date: 20:19, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
- CREATED: Created new protein page: AKT1 {August 10, 2007 1:15:07 PM PDT}
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:15:14 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:15:14 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: APOE {August 10, 2007 1:15:14 PM PDT}
'''APOE''' may refer to:
*[[Apolipoprotein E|Apolipoprotein Epsilon]], a main apoprotein of the chylomicron.
*[[Association of Professional Oklahoma Educators]], an organization in Oklahoma.
{{disambig}}
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_APOE_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1b68.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1b68}}, {{PDB2|1bz4}}, {{PDB2|1ea8}}, {{PDB2|1gs9}}, {{PDB2|1h7i}}, {{PDB2|1le2}}, {{PDB2|1le4}}, {{PDB2|1lpe}}, {{PDB2|1nfn}}, {{PDB2|1nfo}}, {{PDB2|1or2}}, {{PDB2|1or3}}
| Name = apolipoprotein E
| HGNCid = 613
| Symbol = APOE
| AltSymbols =; AD2; MGC1571; apoprotein
| OMIM = 107741
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 30951
| MGIid = 88057
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000302 |text = response to reactive oxygen species}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001540 |text = beta-amyloid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005319 |text = lipid transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005543 |text = phospholipid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006707 |text = cholesterol catabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006869 |text = lipid transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006874 |text = cellular calcium ion homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007010 |text = cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007271 |text = synaptic transmission, cholinergic}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007611 |text = learning and/or memory}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008015 |text = circulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008034 |text = lipoprotein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016209 |text = antioxidant activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030516 |text = regulation of axon extension}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042157 |text = lipoprotein metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042311 |text = vasodilation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042627 |text = chylomicron}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042632 |text = cholesterol homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046907 |text = intracellular transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048156 |text = tau protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048168 |text = regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050749 |text = apolipoprotein E receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051262 |text = protein tetramerization}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 348
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000130203
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000032
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000041
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 50100879
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 50104489
| Hs_Uniprot = P02649
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11816
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000002985
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009696
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033826
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 18854795
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 18857574
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
Chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver. Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:15:21 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:15:21 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: APP {August 10, 2007 1:15:21 PM PDT}
{{Wiktionarypar|app}}
'''App''' is short for [[Application]].
It could be an abbreviation for:
* [[Appalachian State University]]
* [[Appalachian Mountains]]
'''APP''' could mean:
*[[Amyloid precursor protein]], a protein fragment associated with some neurological disorders
*[[Associated Press of Pakistan]]
*[[The Alan Parsons Project]], a progressive rock band
*[[Application software]], a type of computer program
*[[Atom Publishing Protocol]], a protocol for creating and updating web resources
*[[Asia Pulp & Paper]]
*[[Alberta Provincial Police]]
*.[[APP (filename)]], filename extension. [[Application software|Application]] for [[Symbian OS]]
*[[Asia-Pacific Partnership]]
In '''political parties'''
*[[Anticlerical Progress Party REASON]], a Polish political party
*[[Austrian People's Party]], an Austrian political party
*[[Populist Party (United States)]], an American political party
*[[American People's Party]], an American political party
*[[People's Progressive Alliance (Mauritania)|''Alliance populaire progressiste'']], a Mauritanian political party
In '''railway codes'''
*[[Appleton, Wisconsin]], in Amtrak's three-letter code
*[[Appleby railway station]], England, in National Rail's code
{{disambig}}
[[de:APP]]
[[fr:APP]]
[[it:APP]]
[[ja:APP (曖昧�回�)]]
[[pl:APP]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_APP_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1aap.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1aap}}, {{PDB2|1amb}}, {{PDB2|1amc}}, {{PDB2|1aml}}, {{PDB2|1ba4}}, {{PDB2|1ba6}}, {{PDB2|1brc}}, {{PDB2|1ca0}}, {{PDB2|1iyt}}, {{PDB2|1mwp}}, {{PDB2|1owt}}, {{PDB2|1rw6}}, {{PDB2|1taw}}, {{PDB2|1tkn}}, {{PDB2|1z0q}}, {{PDB2|1zjd}}, {{PDB2|2beg}}, {{PDB2|2fjz}}, {{PDB2|2fk1}}, {{PDB2|2fk2}}, {{PDB2|2fk3}}, {{PDB2|2fkl}}, {{PDB2|2fma}}, {{PDB2|2g47}}
| Name = amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II
| HGNCid = 620
| Symbol = APP
| AltSymbols =; AAA; ABETA; ABPP; AD1; APPI; CTFgamma; CVAP; PN2
| OMIM = 104760
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 56379
| MGIid = 88059
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000085 |text = G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001967 |text = suckling behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004867 |text = serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005488 |text = binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005507 |text = copper ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005905 |text = coated pit}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006378 |text = mRNA polyadenylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006878 |text = cellular copper ion homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006897 |text = endocytosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007219 |text = Notch signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007409 |text = axonogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007617 |text = mating behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008088 |text = axon cargo transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008344 |text = adult locomotory behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008542 |text = visual learning}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009986 |text = cell surface}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016199 |text = axon midline choice point recognition}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016322 |text = neuron remodeling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016358 |text = dendrite development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030198 |text = extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030424 |text = axon}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030900 |text = forebrain development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031410 |text = cytoplasmic vesicle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031594 |text = neuromuscular junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035253 |text = ciliary rootlet}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040014 |text = regulation of body size}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042802 |text = identical protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045177 |text = apical part of cell}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045931 |text = positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048471 |text = perinuclear region of cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048669 |text = collateral sprouting in the absence of injury}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050803 |text = regulation of synapse structure and activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050885 |text = regulation of balance}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050905 |text = neuromuscular process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051124 |text = synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051233 |text = spindle midzone}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051563 |text = smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 351
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000142192
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000475
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000484
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 21
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 26174733
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 26465003
| Hs_Uniprot = P05067
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11820
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022892
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007471
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031497
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 16
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 84837873
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 85057149
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
This gene encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:15:28 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:15:28 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: AR {August 10, 2007 1:15:28 PM PDT}
'''AR''', '''Ar''' or '''ar''' can mean:
*the letter [[R]]
==Places, regions, languages==
*[[Arabic language]] ([[ISO 639]] alpha-2 language code)
*[[.ar]], the [[ccTLD]] for [[Argentina]]
*[[Argentina]], [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] and FIPS 10-4 digram [[country code]]
*[[Appenzell Outer Rhodes]], [[Swiss canton]]
*[[Arkansas]] ([[United States postal abbreviations]])
==Medicine, technology, science, mathematics, economics==
*[[Applied Relaxation]], a form of behavioral therapy used for depression, anxiety, etc.
*[[Artificial Respiration]], a cardio-respratory technique for lifesaving.
*[[Aortic insufficiency|Aortic Regurgitation]], a heart valve disease
*[[Autoregressive]], stochastic process in [[Econometrics]]
*[[Silver]], in the field of [[numismatics]] (from the Latin '''Argentum''')
*Analytical Reagent, such as [[Zinc acetate]], [[Mandelic acid]] or [[Perchloric acid]]
*[[Argon]], chemical symbol
*The [[AR-15]], a popular [[Assault Rifle]]
*[[Armalite]], maker of the [[AR-15]], a popular [[Assault Rifle]]
*[[Anti-reflective]] coating, a coating on lenses that allows better light transmission through the lens.
*[[Artist and repertoire]]
===Computer related===
*[[ar (Unix)|ar]] is a [[Unix]] archive format and handling tool
*[[Activation record]], a computer science term for the set of data regarding an active subroutine, stored within the stack.
*[[Augmented reality]], an application of [[virtual reality]] in the real world
*[[Accelerated Reader]], educational reading assessment software
====Computer games====
*[[Action Replay]], [[Video game]] device
*Abandoned Realms [http://abandonedrealms.wolfpaw.net], a [[MUD]] game
*[[Abandonia Reloaded]], a [[freeware]] games web community.
*''Alternate Reality'', a Primary Racial Trait in the [[4X]]-type [[Video game|computer game]] ''[[Stars!]]''
*[[Armadillo Run]], a physics-based, independently developed computer game.
==Businesses, organizations, groups, publications==
*[[Arkadium]]-Developer of online game software for the advergaming and casual game markets.
*[[Acoustic Research]], a brand name of [[Audiovox]]
*[[Aberdeen and Rockfish Railroad]], ([[Association of American Railroads|AAR]] reporting mark)
* [[Atlantic Records]]
*[[AerolÃneas Argentinas]], IATA airline designator
*''The [[Arizona Republic]]'', a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona
*[[Armalite]], an American arms manufacturer (e.g. [[AR-15]] or any rifle of the same pattern)
*[[Army Regulation]], a publication in the family of [[Field Manual]]s, [[Training Manual]]s, etc.
==Culture and history==
*[[American Revolution]]
*[[Animal Rights]], among animal rights activists
*[[Argent]], the heraldic tincture of silver
*[[Accounts Receivable]], an accounting term
*Repair Ship, [[U.S. Navy]] [[hull classification symbol]]
*the [[á›…]] rune of the [[Younger Futhark]]
===Fiction===
*[[Arlesdale Railway]], a fictional railway in [[the Railway Series]] by [[W.V. Awdry]]
{{disambig}}
[[af:AR]]
[[cs:AR]]
[[da:Ar]]
[[de:AR]]
[[el:AR]]
[[eo:Ar]]
[[fr:AR]]
[[ko:AR]]
[[id:AR (disambiguasi)]]
[[it:AR]]
[[nl:Ar]]
[[ja:AR]]
[[no:AR]]
[[pl:AR]]
[[pt:AR]]
[[ksh:AR (Watt ėßß datt?)]]
[[sl:Ar]]
[[sh:Ar]]
[[fi:Ar]]
[[sv:AR]]
[[vi:AR]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_AR_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1e3g.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1e3g}}, {{PDB2|1gs4}}, {{PDB2|1i37}}, {{PDB2|1i38}}, {{PDB2|1r4i}}, {{PDB2|1t5z}}, {{PDB2|1t63}}, {{PDB2|1t65}}, {{PDB2|1t73}}, {{PDB2|1t74}}, {{PDB2|1t76}}, {{PDB2|1t79}}, {{PDB2|1t7f}}, {{PDB2|1t7m}}, {{PDB2|1t7r}}, {{PDB2|1t7t}}, {{PDB2|1xj7}}, {{PDB2|1xnn}}, {{PDB2|1xow}}, {{PDB2|1xq3}}, {{PDB2|1z95}}, {{PDB2|2am9}}, {{PDB2|2ama}}, {{PDB2|2amb}}, {{PDB2|2ao6}}, {{PDB2|2ax6}}, {{PDB2|2ax7}}, {{PDB2|2ax8}}, {{PDB2|2ax9}}, {{PDB2|2axa}}, {{PDB2|2ihq}}, {{PDB2|2nw4}}, {{PDB2|2oz7}}
| Name = androgen receptor (dihydrotestosterone receptor; testicular feminization; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; Kennedy disease)
| HGNCid = 644
| Symbol = AR
| AltSymbols =; AIS; DHTR; HUMARA; KD; NR3C4; SBMA; SMAX1; TFM
| OMIM = 313700
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 28
| MGIid = 88064
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001701 |text = in utero embryonic development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004882 |text = androgen receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005496 |text = steroid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005497 |text = androgen binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007548 |text = sex differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008289 |text = lipid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008584 |text = male gonad development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016049 |text = cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019102 |text = male somatic sex determination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030521 |text = androgen receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030850 |text = prostate gland development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046983 |text = protein dimerization activity}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 367
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000169083
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000035
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000044
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 66681190
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 66867186
| Hs_Uniprot = P10275
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11835
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000046532
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013476
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038504
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 94352469
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 94519866
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Two alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
BCL2
- CREATED: Created new protein page: BCL2 {August 10, 2007 1:15:35 PM PDT}
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:15:42 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:15:42 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: BRCA1 {August 10, 2007 1:15:42 PM PDT}
{{Protbox
|Name=Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
|Photo=BRCA Genes-location of BRCA1 and BRCA2 on chromosomes 13 and 17.gif
|Caption=Location of the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 on chromosomes 13 and 17
|HGNCid = 1100
|Symbol = BRCA1
|AltSymbols =
|Codes={{EntrezGene|672}}, {{RefSeq|NM_007295}}, {{UniProt|P38398}}, {{OMIM|113705}}
|EntrezGene =
|OMIM =
|RefSeq =
|UniProt =
|PDB =
|ECnumber =
|Chromosome = 17
|Arm = q
|Band = 21
|LocusSupplementaryData =-q24
|Gene=
|Gene_type=
|Protein_length= 1863
|Molecular_weight=207732
|Structure=
|Review=
|Type=
|Functions= [[DNA]] repair, [[Tumor suppressor]], [[Transcription (genetics)|Transcription]] regulator
|Domains=[[ZFC3 domain]], 2 [[BRCT domain]]s
|Motifs= 2[[NLS motif]]s, [[CC motif]]
|Alternative_products=
|Catalytic_activity=
|Cofactors=
|Enzyme_regulation=
|Diseases= [[breast-ovarian cancer]] (BOC) {{OMIM|113705}}
|Pharmaceuticals=
|Taxa= ''[[Homo sapiens]]''
|Cells= many; [[ovaries]], [[testis]], [[mammary gland]]s, [[lymphocyte]], [[prostate]], [[cervix]]
|Location= Primary: [[cell nucleus|Nucleus]]; Secondary: [[Cytoplasm]], [[Centrosome]]
|Mods=
|Names= '''RING finger protein 53, Breast cancer 1 Early Onset, PSCP, RNF53'''
|Pathways=
|Interactions=
|Pages=
|Actions=
|Agonists=
|Antagonists=
}}
'''''BRCA1''''' ('''breast cancer 1, early onset''') is a [[human]] [[gene]] that belongs to a class of genes known as [[tumor suppressor gene|tumor suppressors]], which regulate the [[cell cycle]] and prevent uncontrolled proliferation. The BRCA1 protein product of the gene is part of the DNA damage detection and repair system. Variation in the gene has been implicated in some cancers. The ''BRCA1'' gene is located on the long (q) arm of [[chromosome 17 (human)|chromosome 17]] at position 21, from [[base pair]] 38,449,843 to base pair 38,530,933.
==Function and mechanism==
The BRCA1 [[protein]] is directly involved in the repair of damaged [[DNA]]. In the nucleus of many types of normal cells, the BRCA1 protein is thought to interact with [[RAD51]] to mend breaks in DNA, though the details and significance of this interaction is the subject of debate.<ref>{{cite journal | author=S.J. Boulton | title=Cellular functions of the BRCA tumour-suppressor proteins | journal=Biochemical Society Transactions | year=2006 | pages=633-645 | volume=34 | issue=5 | id=PMID 17052168 }}</ref> These breaks can be caused by natural radiation or other exposures, but also occur when [[chromosome]]s exchange genetic material in preparation for cell division. The [[BRCA2]] protein, which has a function similar to that of BRCA1, also interacts with the RAD51 protein. By repairing DNA, these three proteins play a role in maintaining the stability of the human genome.
Research suggests that both the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins regulate the activity of other genes and play a critical role in embryo development. The BRCA1 protein probably interacts with many other proteins, including tumor suppressors and regulators of the cell division cycle.
==Related conditions==
Certain variations of the ''BRCA1'' gene lead to an increased risk for [[breast cancer]]. Researchers have identified more than 600 [[mutation]]s in the ''BRCA1'' gene, many of which are associated with an increased risk of cancer. These mutations can be changes in one or a small number of DNA [[base pair]]s (the building blocks of DNA). In some cases, large segments of DNA are rearranged. A mutated ''BRCA1'' gene usually makes a [[protein]] that does not function properly because it is abnormally short. Researchers believe that the defective BRCA1 protein is unable to help fix mutations that occur in other genes. These defects accumulate and may allow cells to grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor.
In addition to breast cancer, mutations in the ''BRCA1'' gene also increase the risk on [[ovarian cancer|ovarian]], [[Fallopian tube]], [[prostate cancer|prostate]] and [[colon cancer]]s. Moreover, precancerous lesions (dysplasia) within the Fallopian tube have been linked to ''BRCA1'' gene mutations.
==See also==
* [[BRCA2]]
* [[Breast cancer]]
* [[Mary-Claire King]]
BRCA1 gene was discovered in 1994, by studying Mormon families in Utah, and that was done via linkage analysis.
==References==
<references/>
==Further reading==
* {{cite journal | author=Antoniou A, Pharoah PD, Narod S, Risch HA, Eyfjord JE, Hopper JL, Loman N, Olsson H, Johannsson O, Borg A, Pasini B, Radice P, Manoukian S, Eccles DM, Tang N, Olah E, Anton-Culver H, Warner E, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Gorski B, Tulinius H, Thorlacius S, Eerola H, Nevanlinna H, Syrjakoski K, Kallioniemi OP, Thompson D, Evans C, Peto J, Lalloo F, Evans DG, Easton DF | title=Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case Series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies | journal=Am J Hum Genet | year=2003 | pages=1117-30 | volume=72 | issue=5 | id=PMID 12677558 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Barnett GL, Friedrich CA | title=Recent developments in ovarian cancer genetics | journal=Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol | year=2004 | pages=79-85 | volume=16 | issue=1 | id=PMID 15128012}}
* {{cite journal | author=Daniel DC | title=Highlight: BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in breast cancer | journal=Microsc Res Tech | year=2002 | pages=68-83 | volume=59 | issue=1 | id=PMID 12242698 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Ding SL, Sheu LF, Yu JC, Yang TL, Chen BF, Leu FJ, Shen CY | title=Abnormality of the DNA double-strand-break checkpoint/repair genes, ATM, BRCA1 and TP53, in breast cancer is related to tumour grade | journal=Br J Cancer | year=2004 | pages=1995-2001 | volume=90 | issue=10 | id=PMID 15138484 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Foulkes WD, Metcalfe K, Sun P, Hanna WM, Lynch HT, Ghadirian P, Tung N, Olopade OI, Weber BL, McLennan J, Olivotto IA, Begin LR, Narod SA | title=Estrogen receptor status in BRCA1- and BRCA2-related breast cancer: the influence of age, grade, and histological type | journal=Clin Cancer Res | year=2004 | pages=2029-34 | volume=10 | issue=6 | id=PMID 15041722 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Hall JM, Lee MK, Newman B, Morrow JE, Anderson LA, Huey B, King MC | title=Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21 | journal=Science | year=1990 | pages=1684-89 | volume=250 | issue=4988 | id=PMID 2270482}}
* {{cite journal | author=Liede A, Karlan BY, Narod SA | title=Cancer risks for male carriers of germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: a review of the literature | journal=J Clin Oncol | year=2004 | pages=735-42 | volume=22 | issue=4 | id=PMID 14966099}}
* {{cite journal | author=Metcalfe K, Lynch HT, Ghadirian P, Tung N, Olivotto I, Warner E, Olopade OI, Eisen A, Weber B, McLennan J, Sun P, Foulkes WD, Narod SA | title=Contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers | journal=J Clin Oncol | year=2004 | pages=2328-35 | volume=22 | issue=12 | id=PMID 15197194 }}
*{{cite book | first=Shobita| last=Parthasarathy| title=Building Genetic Medicine: Breast Cancer, Technology, and the Comparative Politics of Health Care| year=2007 | publisher=[[The MIT Press]] | id=ISBN 978-0-262-016242-5}}
* {{cite journal | author=Powell SN, Kachnic LA | title=Roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombination, DNA replication fidelity and the cellular response to ionizing radiation | journal=Oncogene | year=2003 | pages=5784-91 | volume=22 | issue=37 | id=PMID 12947386 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Scully R, Puget N | title=BRCA1 and BRCA2 in hereditary breast cancer | journal=Biochimie | year=2002 | pages=95-102 | volume=84 | issue=1 | id=PMID 11900881 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Tutt A, Ashworth A | title=The relationship between the roles of BRCA genes in DNA repair and cancer predisposition | journal=Trends Mol Med | year=2002 | pages=571-6 | volume=8 | issue=12 | id=PMID 12470990 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Venkitaraman AR | title=Cancer susceptibility and the functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 | journal=Cell | year=2002 | pages=171-82 | volume=108 | issue=2 | id=PMID 11832208}}
* {{cite journal | author=Zweemer RP, van Diest PJ, Verheijen RH, Ryan A, Gille JJ, Sijmons RH, Jacobs IJ, Menko FH, Kenemans P | title=Molecular evidence linking primary cancer of the fallopian tube to BRCA1 germline mutations | journal=gynecol oncol | year=2000 | pages45-50 | volume=76 | issue =1 | id=PMID: 10620440 }}
* {{ cite journal | author=Piek JM, van Diest PJ, Zweemer RP, Jansen JW, Poort-Keesom RJ, Menko FH, Gille JJ, Jongsma AP, Pals G, Kenemans P, Verheijen RH | title=Dysplastic changes in prophylactically removed Fallopian tubes of women predisposed to developing ovarian cancer | journal=J Pathol. | year=2001 | pages451-56 | volume=195 | issue =4 | id=PMID: 11745677 }}
==External links==
* Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: {{OMIM|113705}}
* {{EntrezGene|672}}
* [http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp?BRCA1 GeneCard]
* [http://www.exactantigen.com/review/BRCA1.html BRCA1 antibody review]
{{Tumor suppressor genes}}
[[Category:Tumor markers]]
[[Category:Tumor suppressor genes]]
[[ca:BRCA1]]
[[pl:BRCA1]]
[[pt:BRCA1]]
[[ur:برسا 1]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
<!-- BOT: MANUAL_INSPECTION_REQUIRED = NO - change this option to YES to have the protein box bot require an operator inspection before updating occurs. -->
<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_BRCA1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1jm7.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1jm7}}, {{PDB2|1jnx}}, {{PDB2|1n5o}}, {{PDB2|1oqa}}, {{PDB2|1t15}}, {{PDB2|1t29}}, {{PDB2|1t2u}}, {{PDB2|1t2v}}, {{PDB2|1y98}}
| Name = breast cancer 1
| HGNCid = 1100
| Symbol = BRCA1
| AltSymbols =; BRCAI; BRCC1; IRIS; PSCP; RNF53
| OMIM = 113705
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 5276
| MGIid = 104537
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000075 |text = cell cycle checkpoint}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000151 |text = ubiquitin ligase complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000793 |text = condensed chromosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003684 |text = damaged DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003713 |text = transcription coactivator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004842 |text = ubiquitin-protein ligase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006260 |text = DNA replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006281 |text = DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006357 |text = regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006359 |text = regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006633 |text = fatty acid biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006978 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007059 |text = chromosome segregation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007098 |text = centrosome cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008274 |text = gamma-tubulin ring complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008630 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009048 |text = dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015631 |text = tubulin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016481 |text = negative regulation of transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016567 |text = protein ubiquitination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019899 |text = enzyme binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030521 |text = androgen receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031398 |text = positive regulation of protein ubiquitination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031436 |text = BRCA1-BARD1 complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042981 |text = regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045717 |text = negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045739 |text = positive regulation of DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045893 |text = positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046600 |text = negative regulation of centriole replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050681 |text = androgen receptor binding}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 672
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000012048
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_009226
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_007295
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 38449840
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 38530994
| Hs_Uniprot = P38398
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12189
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000017146
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009764
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033894
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 101305657
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 101367902
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
This gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability and acts as a tumor suppressor. The encoded protein combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as BASC for BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex. This gene product associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the C-terminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complex. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing plays a role in modulating the subcellular localization and physiological function of this gene. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene but only some have had their full-length natures identified.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- CREATED: Created new protein page: CASP3 {August 10, 2007 1:15:49 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: CDKN1A {August 10, 2007 1:15:58 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: CDKN2A {August 10, 2007 1:16:05 PM PDT}
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:16:12 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:16:12 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: CTNNB1 {August 10, 2007 1:16:12 PM PDT}
#REDIRECT [[Beta-catenin]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_CTNNB1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1dow.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1dow}}, {{PDB2|1g3j}}, {{PDB2|1i7w}}, {{PDB2|1i7x}}, {{PDB2|1jdh}}, {{PDB2|1jpp}}, {{PDB2|1jpw}}, {{PDB2|1luj}}, {{PDB2|1m1e}}, {{PDB2|1qz7}}, {{PDB2|1t08}}, {{PDB2|1th1}}, {{PDB2|1v18}}, {{PDB2|2bct}}, {{PDB2|2gl7}}, {{PDB2|3bct}}
| Name = catenin (cadherin-associated protein)
| HGNCid = 2514
| Symbol = CTNNB1
| AltSymbols =; CTNNB; FLJ25606
| OMIM = 116806
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1434
| MGIid = 88276
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000122 |text = negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000904 |text = cellular morphogenesis during differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001501 |text = skeletal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001569 |text = patterning of blood vessels}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001706 |text = endoderm formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001708 |text = cell fate specification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001709 |text = cell fate determination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001711 |text = endodermal cell fate commitment}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003682 |text = chromatin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003713 |text = transcription coactivator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005198 |text = structural molecule activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005488 |text = binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005667 |text = transcription factor complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005913 |text = cell-cell adherens junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007268 |text = synaptic transmission}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007398 |text = ectoderm development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007507 |text = heart development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009950 |text = dorsal/ventral axis specification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009954 |text = proximal/distal pattern formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010003 |text = gastrulation (sensu Mammalia)}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016055 |text = Wnt receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016323 |text = basolateral plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016328 |text = lateral plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016331 |text = morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016337 |text = cell-cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030027 |text = lamellipodium}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030097 |text = hemopoiesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030316 |text = osteoclast differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030324 |text = lung development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030521 |text = androgen receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030858 |text = positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030900 |text = forebrain development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031016 |text = pancreas development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031528 |text = microvillus membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035116 |text = embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035117 |text = embryonic arm morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042475 |text = odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042733 |text = embryonic digit morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045177 |text = apical part of cell}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045294 |text = alpha-catenin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045296 |text = cadherin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045453 |text = bone resorption}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045596 |text = negative regulation of cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045669 |text = positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045671 |text = negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048469 |text = cell maturation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048489 |text = synaptic vesicle transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050681 |text = androgen receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050808 |text = synapse organization and biogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1499
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000168036
| Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_001133660
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_001133660
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 41216004
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 41256938
| Hs_Uniprot = P35222
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12387
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000006932
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007614
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031640
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 120782173
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 120809205
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
Beta-catenin is an adherens junction protein. Adherens junctions (AJs; also called the zonula adherens) are critical for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial layers, such as those lining organ surfaces. AJs mediate adhesion between cells, communicate a signal that neighboring cells are present, and anchor the actin cytoskeleton. In serving these roles, AJs regulate normal cell growth and behavior. At several stages of embryogenesis, wound healing, and tumor cell metastasis, cells form and leave epithelia. This process, which involves the disruption and reestablishment of epithelial cell-cell contacts, may be regulated by the disassembly and assembly of AJs. AJs may also function in the transmission of the 'contact inhibition' signal, which instructs cells to stop dividing once an epithelial sheet is complete.[supplied by OMIM]
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:16:19 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:16:19 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: EGFR {August 10, 2007 1:16:19 PM PDT}
#REDIRECT [[Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
<!-- BOT: MANUAL_INSPECTION_REQUIRED = NO - change this option to YES to have the protein box bot require an operator inspection before updating occurs. -->
<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_EGFR_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1ivo.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ivo}}, {{PDB2|1m14}}, {{PDB2|1m17}}, {{PDB2|1mox}}, {{PDB2|1nql}}, {{PDB2|1xkk}}, {{PDB2|1yy9}}, {{PDB2|1z9i}}, {{PDB2|2gs2}}, {{PDB2|2gs6}}, {{PDB2|2gs7}}, {{PDB2|2itn}}, {{PDB2|2ito}}, {{PDB2|2itp}}, {{PDB2|2itq}}, {{PDB2|2itt}}, {{PDB2|2itu}}, {{PDB2|2itv}}, {{PDB2|2itw}}, {{PDB2|2itx}}, {{PDB2|2ity}}, {{PDB2|2itz}}, {{PDB2|2j5e}}, {{PDB2|2j5f}}, {{PDB2|2j6m}}
| Name = epidermal growth factor receptor (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-b) oncogene homolog
| HGNCid = 3236
| Symbol = EGFR
| AltSymbols =; ERBB; ERBB1; mENA
| OMIM = 131550
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 74545
| MGIid = 95294
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001503 |text = ossification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003690 |text = double-stranded DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004710 |text = MAP/ERK kinase kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005006 |text = epidermal growth factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005768 |text = endosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006950 |text = response to stress}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007173 |text = epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007202 |text = phospholipase C activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016323 |text = basolateral plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016337 |text = cell-cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030122 |text = AP-2 adaptor complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030139 |text = endocytic vesicle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030235 |text = nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030335 |text = positive regulation of cell migration}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042327 |text = positive regulation of phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042802 |text = identical protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043006 |text = calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043406 |text = positive regulation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045429 |text = positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046777 |text = protein amino acid autophosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046982 |text = protein heterodimerization activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050679 |text = positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050730 |text = regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050999 |text = regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051015 |text = actin filament binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051205 |text = protein insertion into membrane}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1956
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000146648
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005219
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005228
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 55054219
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 55242524
| Hs_Uniprot = P00533
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13649
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020122
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007912
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031938
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 16652206
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 16813912
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
<!-- No Summary Available -->
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: HER2 {August 10, 2007 1:16:19 PM PDT}
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:16:26 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:16:26 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: HER2 {August 10, 2007 1:16:26 PM PDT}
#REDIRECT [[HER2/neu]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_ERBB2_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1n8z.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1n8z}}, {{PDB2|1s78}}, {{PDB2|2a91}}
| Name = v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2
| HGNCid = 3430
| Symbol = ERBB2
| AltSymbols =; HER-2; HER-2/neu; HER2; NEU; NGL; TKR1; c-erb B2
| OMIM = 164870
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3273
| MGIid = 95410
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004713 |text = protein-tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004715 |text = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004716 |text = receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005006 |text = epidermal growth factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006118 |text = electron transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007169 |text = transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007422 |text = peripheral nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007507 |text = heart development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009055 |text = electron carrier activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016324 |text = apical plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030879 |text = mammary gland development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042552 |text = myelination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042802 |text = identical protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043125 |text = ErbB-3 class receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043406 |text = positive regulation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045765 |text = regulation of angiogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046982 |text = protein heterodimerization activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048015 |text = phosphoinositide-mediated signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050679 |text = positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2064
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000141736
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004439
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004448
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 35104766
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 35138441
| Hs_Uniprot = P04626
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13866
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000062312
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001003817
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001003817
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 98228574
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 98253806
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized.
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- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:16:33 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:16:33 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: ESR1 {August 10, 2007 1:16:33 PM PDT}
#REDIRECT [[Estrogen receptor]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_ESR1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1a52.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a52}}, {{PDB2|1ere}}, {{PDB2|1err}}, {{PDB2|1g50}}, {{PDB2|1gwq}}, {{PDB2|1gwr}}, {{PDB2|1hcp}}, {{PDB2|1hcq}}, {{PDB2|1l2i}}, {{PDB2|1pcg}}, {{PDB2|1qkt}}, {{PDB2|1qku}}, {{PDB2|1r5k}}, {{PDB2|1sj0}}, {{PDB2|1uom}}, {{PDB2|1x7e}}, {{PDB2|1x7r}}, {{PDB2|1xp1}}, {{PDB2|1xp6}}, {{PDB2|1xp9}}, {{PDB2|1xpc}}, {{PDB2|1xqc}}, {{PDB2|1yim}}, {{PDB2|1yin}}, {{PDB2|1zky}}, {{PDB2|2ayr}}, {{PDB2|2b1v}}, {{PDB2|2b1z}}, {{PDB2|2b23}}, {{PDB2|2bj4}}, {{PDB2|2fai}}, {{PDB2|2g44}}, {{PDB2|2g5o}}, {{PDB2|2i0j}}, {{PDB2|2jf9}}, {{PDB2|2jfa}}, {{PDB2|2ouz}}, {{PDB2|2p15}}, {{PDB2|3erd}}, {{PDB2|3ert}}
| Name = estrogen receptor 1
| HGNCid = 3467
| Symbol = ESR1
| AltSymbols =; ER; DKFZp686N23123; ESR; ESRA; Era; NR3A1
| OMIM = 133430
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 47906
| MGIid = 1352467
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003707 |text = steroid hormone receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005496 |text = steroid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008289 |text = lipid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016049 |text = cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016585 |text = chromatin remodeling complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030235 |text = nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030284 |text = estrogen receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030520 |text = estrogen receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045839 |text = negative regulation of mitosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2099
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000091831
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000116
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000125
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 152170379
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 152466099
| Hs_Uniprot = P03372
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13982
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000019768
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_985634
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_990728
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 5342780
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 5734495
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
The estrogen receptor (ESR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. Alternative splicing results in several ESR1 mRNA transcripts, which differ primarily in their 5-prime untranslated regions. The translated receptors show less variability.[supplied by OMIM]
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- CREATED: Created new protein page: HIF1A {August 10, 2007 1:16:40 PM PDT}
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:16:47 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:16:47 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: HLA-B {August 10, 2007 1:16:47 PM PDT}
{{protein
| Name = major histocompatibility complex, class I, B
| caption =
| image =
| width =
| HGNCid = 4932
| Symbol = HLA-B
| AltSymbols =
| EntrezGene = 3106
| OMIM = 142830
| RefSeq = NM_005514
| UniProt = P01889
| PDB =
| ECnumber =
| Chromosome = 6
| Arm = p
| Band = 21.31
| LocusSupplementaryData =
}}
'''HLA-B''' ('''major histocompatibility complex, class I, B''') is a [[human]] [[gene]] that provides instructions for making a [[protein]] that plays a critical role in the [[immune system]]. HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the [[human leukocyte antigen]] (HLA) complex. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as [[virus]]es and [[bacteria]].
HLA is the human version of the [[major histocompatibility complex]] (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. Genes in this complex are separated into three basic groups: class I, class II, and class III. In humans, the HLA-B gene and two related genes, [[HLA-A]] and [[HLA-C]], are the major genes in MHC class I.
MHC class I genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of almost all cells. On the cell surface, these proteins are bound to protein fragments ([[peptide]]s) that have been exported from within the cell. MHC class I proteins display these peptides to the immune system. If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it responds by destroying the infected cell.
The HLA-B gene has many different normal variations, allowing each person's immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. Hundreds of versions (alleles) of HLA-B are known, each of which is given a particular number (such as [[HLA-B27]]). Closely related alleles are categorized together; for example, at least 28 very similar alleles are subtypes of HLA-B27. These subtypes are designated as HLA-B*2701 to HLA-B*2728.
The HLA-B gene is located on the short (p) arm of [[chromosome 6 (human)|chromosome 6]] at position 21.3, from [[base pair]] 31,429,845 to base pair 31,432,923.
==Related conditions==
[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]: A version of the HLA-B gene called HLA-B27 increases the risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis. It is uncertain how HLA-B27 causes this increased risk. Researchers speculate that HLA-B27 may abnormally display to the immune system peptides that trigger arthritis. Other research suggests that joint inflammation characteristic of this disorder may result from improper folding of the HLA-B27 protein or the presence of abnormal forms of the protein on the cell surface. Although most patients with ankylosing spondylitis have the HLA-B27 variation, many people with this particular variation never develop the disorder. Other genetic and environmental factors are likely to affect the chances of developing ankylosing spondylitis and influence its progression.
HLA-B27 is associated with the [[spondyloarthropathies]], a group of disorders that includes ankylosing spondylitis and other inflammatory joint diseases. Some of these diseases are associated with a common skin condition called [[psoriasis]] or chronic inflammatory bowel disorders ([[Crohn's disease]] and [[ulcerative colitis]]). One of the spondyloarthropathies, [[reactive arthritis]], is typically triggered by bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal or genital tract. Following an infection, affected individuals may develop arthritis, back pain, and eye inflammation. Like ankylosing spondylitis, many factors probably contribute to the development of reactive arthritis and other spondyloarthropathies.
Other disorders: Several variations of the HLA-B gene are associated with adverse reactions to certain drugs. For example, two specific versions of this gene are related to increased drug sensitivity among the [[Han Chinese]] population. Individuals who have HLA-B*1502 are more likely to experience a severe skin disorder called [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]] in response to [[carbamazepine]] (a drug used to treat seizures). Another version, HLA-B*5801, is associated with an increased risk of severe skin reactions in people treated with [[allopurinol]] (a drug used to treat [[gout]], which is a form of arthritis caused by [[uric acid]] in the joints).
Among people with [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV) infection, a version of HLA-B designated HLA-B*5701 is associated with an extreme sensitivity to [[abacavir]]. This drug is a treatment for HIV-1 that slows the spread of the virus in the body. People with abacavir hypersensitivity often develop a fever, chills, rash, upset stomach, and other symptoms when treated with this drug.
Several other variations of the HLA-B gene appear to play a role in the progression of HIV infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ([[AIDS]]). AIDS is a disease that damages the immune system, preventing it from effectively defending the body against infections. The signs and symptoms of AIDS may not appear until 10 years or more after infection with HIV. Studies suggest that people with HIV infection who have HLA-B27 or HLA-B57 tend to progress more slowly than usual to AIDS. On the other hand, researchers believe that HIV-positive individuals who have HLA-B35 tend to develop the signs and symptoms of AIDS more quickly than usual. Other factors also influence the progression of HIV to AIDS.
Another version of the HLA-B gene, HLA-B53, has been shown to help protect against severe malaria. HLA-B53 is most common in West African populations, where [[malaria]] is a frequent cause of death in children. Researchers suggest that this version of the HLA-B gene may help the immune system respond more effectively to the parasite that causes malaria.
==References==
* {{cite journal | author=Brown MA, Crane AM, Wordsworth BP | title=Genetic aspects of susceptibility, severity, and clinical expression in ankylosing spondylitis | journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol | year=2002 | pages=354-60 | volume=14 | issue=4 | id=PMID 12118167}}
* {{cite journal | author=Carrington M, O'Brien SJ | title=The influence of HLA genotype on AIDS | journal=Annu Rev Med | year=2003 | pages=535-51 | volume=54 | id=PMID 12525683}}
* {{cite journal | author=Chung WH, Hung SI, Hong HS, Hsih MS, Yang LC, Ho HC, Wu JY, Chen YT | title=Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome | journal=Nature | year=2004 | pages=486 | volume=428 | issue=6982 | id=PMID 15057820}}
* {{cite journal | author=Colbert RA | title=The immunobiology of HLA-B27: variations on a theme | journal=Curr Mol Med | year=2004 | pages=21-30 | volume=4 | issue=1 | id=PMID 15011956}}
* {{cite journal | author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR | title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year=2004 | pages=348-69 | volume=17 | issue=2 | id=PMID 15084505}} ''[http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=15084505 Full text]''
* {{cite journal | author=Cooke GS, Hill AV | title=Genetics of susceptibility to human infectious disease | journal=Nat Rev Genet | year=2001 | pages=967-77 | volume=2 | issue=12 | id=PMID 11733749}}
* {{cite journal | author=Gao X, Nelson GW, Karacki P, Martin MP, Phair J, Kaslow R, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Hoots K, Vlahov D, O'Brien SJ, Carrington M | title=Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS | journal=N Engl J Med | year=2001 | pages=1668-75 | volume=344 | issue=22 | id=PMID 11386265}}
* {{cite journal | author=Hetherington S, Hughes AR, Mosteller M, Shortino D, Baker KL, Spreen W, Lai E, Davies K, Handley A, Dow DJ, Fling ME, Stocum M, Bowman C, Thurmond LM, Roses AD | title=Genetic variations in HLA-B region and hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir | journal=Lancet | year=2002 | pages=1121-2 | volume=359 | issue=9312 | id=PMID 11943262}}
* {{cite journal | author=Hill AV, Allsopp CE, Kwiatkowski D, Anstey NM, Twumasi P, Rowe PA, Bennett S, Brewster D, McMichael AJ, Greenwood BM | title=Common west African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria | journal=Nature | year=1991 | pages=595-600 | volume=352 | issue=6336 | id=PMID 1865923}}
* {{cite journal | author=Hung SI, Chung WH, Liou LB, Chu CC, Lin M, Huang HP, Lin YL, Lan JL, Yang LC, Hong HS, Chen MJ, Lai PC, Wu MS, Chu CY, Wang KH, Chen CH, Fann CS, Wu JY, Chen YT | title=HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | year=2005 | pages=4134-9 | volume=102 | issue=11 | id=PMID 15743917}} ''[http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=15743917 Full text]''
* {{cite journal | author=Khan MA, Ball EJ | title=Genetic aspects of ankylosing spondylitis | journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol | year=2002 | pages=675-90 | volume=16 | issue=4 | id=PMID 12406434}}
* {{cite journal | author=Khan MA | title=Update on spondyloarthropathies | journal=Ann Intern Med | year=2002 | pages=896-907 | volume=136 | issue=12 | id=PMID 12069564}} ''[http://www.annals.org/cgi/reprint/136/12/896 Full text (PDF)]''
* {{cite journal | author=Letvin NL, Walker BD | title=Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy in AIDS virus infections | journal=Nat Med | year=2003 | pages=861-6 | volume=9 | issue=7 | id=PMID 12835706}}
* {{cite journal | author=Migueles SA, Sabbaghian MS, Shupert WL, Bettinotti MP, Marincola FM, Martino L, Hallahan CW, Selig SM, Schwartz D, Sullivan J, Connors M | title=HLA B*5701 is highly associated with restriction of virus replication in a subgroup of HIV-infected long term nonprogressors | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | year=2000 | pages=2709-14 | volume=97 | issue=6 | id=PMID 10694578}} ''[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/97/6/2709 Full text]''
* {{cite journal | author=Sheehan NJ | title=The ramifications of HLA-B27 | journal=J R Soc Med | year=2004 | pages=10-4 | volume=97 | issue=1 | id=PMID 14702356}}
''This article incorporates public domain text from [http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov The U.S. National Library of Medicine]''
== External links ==
* {{OMIM|142830}}
* {{EntrezGene|3106}}
* {{GeneCard|HLA-B}}
* [http://www.anthonynolan.org.uk/HIG/lists/nomenc.html Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system]
{{Surface antigens}}
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:HLA-B alleles|0]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_HLA-B_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1a1n.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a1n}}, {{PDB2|1a9b}}, {{PDB2|1a9e}}, {{PDB2|1agb}}, {{PDB2|1agc}}, {{PDB2|1agd}}, {{PDB2|1age}}, {{PDB2|1agf}}, {{PDB2|1cg9}}, {{PDB2|1e27}}, {{PDB2|1e28}}, {{PDB2|1efx}}, {{PDB2|1hsa}}, {{PDB2|1jgd}}, {{PDB2|1jge}}, {{PDB2|1k5n}}, {{PDB2|1m05}}, {{PDB2|1mi5}}, {{PDB2|1of2}}, {{PDB2|1ogt}}, {{PDB2|1uxs}}, {{PDB2|1uxw}}, {{PDB2|1w0v}}, {{PDB2|1w0w}}, {{PDB2|1xh3}}, {{PDB2|1xr8}}, {{PDB2|1xr9}}, {{PDB2|1zhk}}, {{PDB2|1zhl}}, {{PDB2|1zsd}}, {{PDB2|2a83}}, {{PDB2|2ak4}}, {{PDB2|2axf}}, {{PDB2|2axg}}, {{PDB2|2bsr}}, {{PDB2|2bss}}, {{PDB2|2bst}}, {{PDB2|2cik}}, {{PDB2|2fyy}}, {{PDB2|2fz3}}, {{PDB2|2h6p}}, {{PDB2|2nw3}}, {{PDB2|2nx5}}
| Name = major histocompatibility complex
| HGNCid = 4932
| Symbol = HLA-B
| AltSymbols =; HLA B; SPDA1
| OMIM = 142830
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 83181
| MGIid =
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002474 |text = antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006952 |text = defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008150 |text = biological_process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019882 |text = antigen processing and presentation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032393 |text = MHC class I receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042612 |text = MHC class I protein complex}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3106
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000204523
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005505
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005514
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 31429622
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 31433001
| Hs_Uniprot = P01889
| Mm_EntrezGene = 547349
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001025208
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001020379
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
HLA-B belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. They are expressed in nearly all cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exon 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domains, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. Polymorphisms within exon 2 and exon 3 are responsible for the peptide binding specificity of each class one molecule. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. Hundreds of HLA-B alleles have been described
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:16:54 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:16:54 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: IGF1 {August 10, 2007 1:16:54 PM PDT}
#REDIRECT: [[insulin-like growth factor 1]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_IGF1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1bqt.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1bqt}}, {{PDB2|1gzr}}, {{PDB2|1gzy}}, {{PDB2|1gzz}}, {{PDB2|1h02}}, {{PDB2|1h59}}, {{PDB2|1imx}}, {{PDB2|1pmx}}, {{PDB2|1wqj}}, {{PDB2|2dsp}}, {{PDB2|2dsq}}, {{PDB2|2dsr}}, {{PDB2|2gf1}}, {{PDB2|3gf1}}, {{PDB2|3lri}}
| Name = insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)
| HGNCid = 5464
| Symbol = IGF1
| AltSymbols =; IGFI
| OMIM = 147440
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 515
| MGIid = 96432
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001501 |text = skeletal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005159 |text = insulin-like growth factor receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005179 |text = hormone activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006260 |text = DNA replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006928 |text = cell motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007265 |text = Ras protein signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007399 |text = nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007517 |text = muscle development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008083 |text = growth factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009441 |text = glycolate metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010001 |text = glial cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0018445 |text = prothoracicotrophic hormone activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048009 |text = insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048468 |text = cell development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3479
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000017427
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000609
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000618
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 101313809
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 101398471
| Hs_Uniprot = P01343
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16000
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020053
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010512
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034642
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 87288867
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 87361600
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
The somatomedins, or insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), comprise a family of peptides that play important roles in mammalian growth and development. IGF1 mediates many of the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone (GH; MIM 139250). Early studies showed that growth hormone did not directly stimulate the incorporation of sulfate into cartilage, but rather acted through a serum factor, termed 'sulfation factor,' which later became known as 'somatomedin' (Daughaday et al., 1972). Three main somatomedins have been characterized: somatomedin C (IGF1), somatomedin A (IGF2; MIM 147470), and somatomedin B (MIM 193190) (Rotwein, 1986; Rosenfeld, 2003).[supplied by OMIM]
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:17:20 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:17:20 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: IL10 {August 10, 2007 1:17:20 PM PDT}
'''Il-10''' may refer to:
* [[Ilyushin Il-10]], a Soviet aircraft of World War II
* [[Interleukin 10]], an anti-inflammatory cytokine
* [[Illinois' 10th congressional district]]
{{disambig}}
****** Appended Protein Page ******
<!-- BOT: MANUAL_INSPECTION_REQUIRED = NO - change this option to YES to have the protein box bot require an operator inspection before updating occurs. -->
<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_IL10_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1ilk.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ilk}}, {{PDB2|1inr}}, {{PDB2|1j7v}}, {{PDB2|1lk3}}, {{PDB2|1vlk}}, {{PDB2|1y6k}}, {{PDB2|1y6m}}, {{PDB2|1y6n}}, {{PDB2|2h24}}, {{PDB2|2ilk}}
| Name = interleukin 10
| HGNCid = 5962
| Symbol = IL10
| AltSymbols =; CSIF; IL-10; IL10A; MGC126450; MGC126451; TGIF
| OMIM = 124092
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 478
| MGIid = 96537
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005141 |text = interleukin-10 receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007253 |text = cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030097 |text = hemopoiesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030183 |text = B cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030595 |text = leukocyte chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042092 |text = T-helper 2 type immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042100 |text = B cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042130 |text = negative regulation of T cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042742 |text = defense response to bacterium}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045019 |text = negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045077 |text = negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045191 |text = regulation of isotype switching}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045347 |text = negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045348 |text = positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045355 |text = negative regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3586
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000136634
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000563
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000572
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 205007570
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 205012462
| Hs_Uniprot = P22301
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16153
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000016529
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010548
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034678
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 132847393
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 132852516
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:17:01 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:17:01 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: IL1B {August 10, 2007 1:17:01 PM PDT}
{{protein
| Name = interleukin 1, beta
| caption =
| image =
| width =
| HGNCid = 5992
| Symbol = IL1B
| AltSymbols =
| EntrezGene = 3553
| OMIM = 147720
| RefSeq = NM_000576
| UniProt = P01584
| PDB =
| ECnumber =
| Chromosome = 2
| Arm = q
| Band = 13
| LocusSupplementaryData = -q21
}}
'''Interleukin-1 beta''' is a [[cytokine]]. IL-1β precursor is cleaved by caspase 1 (interleukin 1 beta convertase). Cytosolic thiol protease cleaves the product to form mature IL-1β.
{{chem-stub}}
****** Appended Protein Page ******
<!-- BOT: MANUAL_INSPECTION_REQUIRED = NO - change this option to YES to have the protein box bot require an operator inspection before updating occurs. -->
<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_IL1B_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1hib.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1hib}}, {{PDB2|1i1b}}, {{PDB2|1iob}}, {{PDB2|1itb}}, {{PDB2|1l2h}}, {{PDB2|1s0l}}, {{PDB2|1t4q}}, {{PDB2|1too}}, {{PDB2|1tp0}}, {{PDB2|1twe}}, {{PDB2|1twm}}, {{PDB2|21bi}}, {{PDB2|2i1b}}, {{PDB2|2nvh}}, {{PDB2|31bi}}, {{PDB2|41bi}}, {{PDB2|4i1b}}, {{PDB2|5i1b}}, {{PDB2|6i1b}}, {{PDB2|7i1b}}, {{PDB2|9ilb}}
| Name = interleukin 1
| HGNCid = 5992
| Symbol = IL1B
| AltSymbols =; IL-1; IL1-BETA; IL1F2
| OMIM = 147720
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 481
| MGIid = 96543
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001660 |text = fever}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005149 |text = interleukin-1 receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019735 |text = antimicrobial humoral response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030593 |text = neutrophil chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045080 |text = positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045410 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050900 |text = leukocyte migration}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3553
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000125538
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000567
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000576
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 113303808
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 113310827
| Hs_Uniprot = P01584
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16176
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027398
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008361
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032387
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 129056011
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 129062561
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:17:07 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:17:07 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: IL6 {August 10, 2007 1:17:07 PM PDT}
'''IL6''', '''Il-6''', or '''IL-6''' may refer to:
* [[Ilyushin Il-6]], a Soviet long-range bomber
* [[Interleukin-6]], a pro-inflammatory cytokine
{{disambig}}
****** Appended Protein Page ******
<!-- BOT: MANUAL_INSPECTION_REQUIRED = NO - change this option to YES to have the protein box bot require an operator inspection before updating occurs. -->
<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_IL6_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1alu.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1alu}}, {{PDB2|1il6}}, {{PDB2|1p9m}}, {{PDB2|2il6}}
| Name = interleukin 6 (interferon
| HGNCid = 6018
| Symbol = IL6
| AltSymbols =; HGF; BSF2; HSF; IFNB2; IL-6
| OMIM = 147620
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 502
| MGIid = 96559
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001781 |text = neutrophil apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005138 |text = interleukin-6 receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006953 |text = acute-phase response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006959 |text = humoral immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043066 |text = negative regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045079 |text = negative regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3569
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000136244
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000591
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000600
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 22732028
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 22738091
| Hs_Uniprot = P05231
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16193
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000025746
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_031168
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_112445
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 30343948
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 30350755
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
<!-- No Summary Available -->
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
IL8
- CREATED: Created new protein page: IL8 {August 10, 2007 1:17:14 PM PDT}
ITGB1
- CREATED: Created new protein page: ITGB1 {August 10, 2007 1:17:27 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: MAPK1 {August 10, 2007 1:18:02 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: MMP9 {August 10, 2007 1:17:35 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: NFKB1 {August 10, 2007 1:17:41 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: PPARG {August 10, 2007 1:17:48 PM PDT}
PRKCA
- CREATED: Created new protein page: PRKCA {August 10, 2007 1:17:55 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: PTGS2 {August 10, 2007 1:18:08 PM PDT}
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:18:15 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:18:15 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: RB1 {August 10, 2007 1:18:15 PM PDT}
#REDIRECT [[Retinoblastoma protein]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_RB1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1ad6.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ad6}}, {{PDB2|1gh6}}, {{PDB2|1gux}}, {{PDB2|1o9k}}, {{PDB2|2aze}}
| Name = retinoblastoma 1 (including osteosarcoma)
| HGNCid = 9884
| Symbol = RB1
| AltSymbols =; OSRC; RB
| OMIM = 180200
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 272
| MGIid = 97874
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000075 |text = cell cycle checkpoint}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000082 |text = G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000122 |text = negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000279 |text = M phase}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000785 |text = chromatin}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003713 |text = transcription coactivator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005667 |text = transcription factor complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005819 |text = spindle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006469 |text = negative regulation of protein kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007050 |text = cell cycle arrest}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008134 |text = transcription factor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016564 |text = transcription repressor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019900 |text = kinase binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030308 |text = negative regulation of cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030521 |text = androgen receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043550 |text = regulation of lipid kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050681 |text = androgen receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051146 |text = striated muscle cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051301 |text = cell division}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051318 |text = G1 phase}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5925
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000139687
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000312
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000321
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 13
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 47775912
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 47954123
| Hs_Uniprot = P06400
| Mm_EntrezGene = 19645
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022105
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009029
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033055
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 14
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 71929657
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 72059946
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an embryonic malignant neoplasm of retinal origin. It almost always presents in early childhood and is often bilateral. Spontaneous regression ('cure') occurs in some cases.[supplied by OMIM]
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:18:22 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:18:22 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: SRC {August 10, 2007 1:18:22 PM PDT}
'''SRC''' may refer to:
In '''education''':
* [[Sid Richardson College]], one of nine residential colleges on the Rice University campus in Houston, Texas
* [[Simon's Rock College]], a small liberal arts college located in the small town of Great Barrington, Massachusetts
* [[Spoon River College]], a community college located in West-Central Illinois
* [[Students' Representative Council]], a council that represents student interests in the government of a university, school or other educational institution
In '''music''':
* [[SRC (band)]], a rock band from the late 1960s
* [[SRC Records]], an American record label
* [[Snake River Conspiracy]], an American rock band
In '''technology''':
* [[DEC Systems Research Center]], a research laboratory created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984
* [[Obelisk SRC]], a new tool designed to aid students with managing their school life
* [[Sample rate conversion]], the process of converting a signal from one sampling rate to another
* [[Saskatchewan Research Council]], a technology corporation
* [[Science and Engineering Research Council]], the UK agency in charge of publicly funded scientific activities from 1965 to 1981
* [[Scottish Refugee Council]], a charity based in Scotland
* [[Semiconductor Research Corporation]], a non-profit consortium founded in 1982
* [[SRC Computers]], a privately owned company
In '''other fields''':
* [[Southeast Rebuild Collaborative]], a joint effort of the state energy offices of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina to promote energy efficiency to individuals, school districts, state and local governments, colleges and universities, vendors, trade organizations, and other allies in the member states with the goal of motivating institutions to save energy and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases.
* [[Société Radio-Canada]], a Canadian crown corporation
* [[Space Research Corporation]], a corporation founded by Gerald Bull
* [[Src (gene)]], a family of proto-oncogenes that may lead to cancer
* [[Src Kinase]], a Protein Tyrosine Kinase
* [[Src Family Kinases]], a Protein Tyrosine Kinase family
* [[Src Homology 2 Domain]], a protein domain that binds to phosphotyrosine residues.
* [[Src Homology 3 Domain]], a protein domain that binds to proline rich regions.
* [[SRC Thor]], a rugby club in Delft, The Netherlands
* [[Sub-Regional Control]], a class of British government nuclear bunker during the cold war
{{disambig}}
[[de:SRC]]
[[eo:SRC]]
[[fr:SRC]]
[[it:SRC]]
[[ja:SRC]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
<!-- BOT: MANUAL_INSPECTION_REQUIRED = NO - change this option to YES to have the protein box bot require an operator inspection before updating occurs. -->
<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_SRC_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1a07.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a07}}, {{PDB2|1a08}}, {{PDB2|1a09}}, {{PDB2|1a1a}}, {{PDB2|1a1b}}, {{PDB2|1a1c}}, {{PDB2|1a1e}}, {{PDB2|1bkl}}, {{PDB2|1bkm}}, {{PDB2|1f1w}}, {{PDB2|1f2f}}, {{PDB2|1fmk}}, {{PDB2|1hcs}}, {{PDB2|1hct}}, {{PDB2|1is0}}, {{PDB2|1kc2}}, {{PDB2|1ksw}}, {{PDB2|1nlo}}, {{PDB2|1nlp}}, {{PDB2|1nzl}}, {{PDB2|1nzv}}, {{PDB2|1o41}}, {{PDB2|1o42}}, {{PDB2|1o43}}, {{PDB2|1o44}}, {{PDB2|1o45}}, {{PDB2|1o46}}, {{PDB2|1o47}}, {{PDB2|1o48}}, {{PDB2|1o49}}, {{PDB2|1o4a}}, {{PDB2|1o4b}}, {{PDB2|1o4c}}, {{PDB2|1o4d}}, {{PDB2|1o4e}}, {{PDB2|1o4f}}, {{PDB2|1o4g}}, {{PDB2|1o4h}}, {{PDB2|1o4i}}, {{PDB2|1o4j}}, {{PDB2|1o4k}}, {{PDB2|1o4l}}, {{PDB2|1o4m}}, {{PDB2|1o4n}}, {{PDB2|1o4o}}, {{PDB2|1o4p}}, {{PDB2|1o4q}}, {{PDB2|1o4r}}, {{PDB2|1p13}}, {{PDB2|1prl}}, {{PDB2|1prm}}, {{PDB2|1qwe}}, {{PDB2|1qwf}}, {{PDB2|1rlp}}, {{PDB2|1rlq}}, {{PDB2|1sha}}, {{PDB2|1shb}}, {{PDB2|1shd}}, {{PDB2|1skj}}, {{PDB2|1spr}}, {{PDB2|1sps}}, {{PDB2|1srl}}, {{PDB2|1srm}}, {{PDB2|1y57}}, {{PDB2|1yi6}}, {{PDB2|1yoj}}, {{PDB2|1yol}}, {{PDB2|1yom}}, {{PDB2|2bdf}}, {{PDB2|2bdj}}, {{PDB2|2h8h}}, {{PDB2|2hwo}}, {{PDB2|2hwp}}, {{PDB2|2oiq}}, {{PDB2|2ptk}}, {{PDB2|2src}}
| Name = v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homolog (avian)
| HGNCid = 11283
| Symbol = SRC
| AltSymbols =; ASV; SRC1; c-SRC; p60-Src
| OMIM = 190090
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 21120
| MGIid = 98397
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004713 |text = protein-tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005070 |text = SH3/SH2 adaptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007172 |text = signal complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007243 |text = protein kinase cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042169 |text = SH2 domain binding}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6714
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000197122
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005408
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005417
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 35406502
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 35467239
| Hs_Uniprot = P12931
| Mm_EntrezGene = 20779
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027646
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001025395
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001020566
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 157115730
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 157163279
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
This gene is highly similar to the v-src gene of Rous sarcoma virus. This proto-oncogene may play a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. The protein encoded by this gene is a tyrosine-protein kinase whose activity can be inhibited by phosphorylation by c-SRC kinase. Mutations in this gene could be involved in the malignant progression of colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- CREATED: Created new protein page: TGFB1 {August 10, 2007 1:18:30 PM PDT}
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:18:37 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:18:37 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: TNF {August 10, 2007 1:18:37 PM PDT}
#REDIRECT [[Tumor necrosis factors]]
----
This is a redirect from a title with an abbreviation.
For more information, follow the category link.
[[Category:Redirects from abbreviation]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
<!-- BOT: MANUAL_INSPECTION_REQUIRED = NO - change this option to YES to have the protein box bot require an operator inspection before updating occurs. -->
<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_TNF_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1a8m.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a8m}}, {{PDB2|1tnf}}, {{PDB2|2az5}}, {{PDB2|2tun}}, {{PDB2|4tsv}}, {{PDB2|5tsw}}
| Name = tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily
| HGNCid = 11892
| Symbol = TNF
| AltSymbols =; DIF; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2
| OMIM = 191160
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 496
| MGIid = 104798
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000060 |text = protein import into nucleus, translocation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000122 |text = negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001932 |text = regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005164 |text = tumor necrosis factor receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006006 |text = glucose metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006959 |text = humoral immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007159 |text = leukocyte adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008625 |text = induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009615 |text = response to virus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042742 |text = defense response to bacterium}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043123 |text = positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045123 |text = cellular extravasation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045670 |text = regulation of osteoclast differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045941 |text = positive regulation of transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045994 |text = positive regulation of translational initiation by iron}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046325 |text = negative regulation of glucose import}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046330 |text = positive regulation of JNK cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051023 |text = regulation of immunoglobulin secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051092 |text = activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7124
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000204490
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000585
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000594
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 31651314
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 31654092
| Hs_Uniprot = P01375
| Mm_EntrezGene = 21926
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024401
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013693
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038721
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 34807442
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 34810048
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 1:18:46 PM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 1:18:46 PM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: TP53 {August 10, 2007 1:18:46 PM PDT}
{{Merge|p53|date=August 2007}}
'''''TP53''''' is a [[tumor suppressor gene]] that is named after, and provides instructions for making, a protein called tumor protein 53 (TP53). Through the effect of the protein that it produces, ''TP53'' is a [[tumor suppressor gene]], which means that it regulates the cycle of [[cell division]] by keeping cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way.
The [[p53]] tumor protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body and can bind directly to [[DNA]]. When the DNA in a cell becomes damaged by agents such as toxic chemicals or ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight, this protein plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the cell will undergo programmed cell death ([[apoptosis]]). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, the p53 tumor protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. This process prevents cells with mutated or damaged DNA from dividing, which helps prevent the development of tumors.
Because the p53 tumor protein is essential for regulating cell division, it has been nicknamed the "guardian of the genome."
The ''TP53'' gene is located on the short (p) arm of [[chromosome 17 (human)|chromosome 17]] at position 13.1, from [[base pair]] 7,512,463 to base pair 7,531,641.
==Related conditions==
[[Bladder cancer]]: Some gene mutations are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in certain cells. These changes are called somatic mutations and are not inherited. Somatic mutations in the ''TP53'' gene have been found in some cases of bladder cancer. Most of these mutations replace one [[amino acid]] (a building block of proteins) with another amino acid in the p53 tumor protein. The altered protein cannot bind to DNA correctly, which prevents the protein from effectively regulating cell growth and division. As a result, DNA damage accumulates in cells and they divide in an uncontrolled way, leading to a cancerous tumor. Mutations in the ''TP53'' gene may also help predict whether bladder cancer will progress and spread to nearby tissues and whether the disease will recur after treatment.
[[Li-Fraumeni syndrome]]: More than 55 different inherited mutations in the ''TP53'' gene have been found in individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Many of these changes involve the substitution of one amino acid for another amino acid in the part of p53 tumor protein that binds to DNA. Other types of mutations include deletions of small amounts of DNA within the gene. Mutations in the ''TP53'' gene lead to a version of the p53 tumor protein that cannot regulate cell growth and division. The altered protein is unable to signal cells with mutated or damaged DNA to undergo apoptosis. As a result, such cells continue to divide and can form tumors.
Other cancers: Somatic mutations in the ''TP53'' gene are the most common genetic changes found in human cancer, occurring in about half of all cancers. For example, ''TP53'' gene mutations have been identified in several types of [[brain tumor]], a type of [[bone cancer]] called [[osteosarcoma]], a cancer of muscle tissue called [[rhabdomyosarcoma]], and [[adrenocortical carcinoma]] (a cancer of the outer layer of the adrenal glands, which are small glands located on top of each kidney). Most ''TP53'' gene mutations substitute one amino acid for another in the p53 tumor protein, which leads to the production of an altered version of the protein that cannot effectively bind to DNA. This altered protein can build up in nuclei of cells, preventing the cells from undergoing apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Instead, these damaged cells continue to grow and divide in an unregulated way, which can lead to cancerous tumors.
==References==
* {{cite journal | author=Borresen-Dale AL | title=TP53 and breast cancer | journal=Hum Mutat | year=2003 | pages=292-300 | volume=21 | issue=3 | id=PMID 12619115}}
* {{cite journal | author=Lorenzo Romero JG, Salinas Sanchez AS, Gimenez Bachs JM, Sanchez Sanchez F, Escribano Martinez J, Hernandez Millan IR, Segura Martin M, Virseda Rodriguez JA | title=p53 Gene mutations in superficial bladder cancer | journal=Urol Int | year=2004 | pages=212-8 | volume=73 | issue=3 | id=PMID 15539839}}
* {{cite journal | author=Olivier M, Goldgar DE, Sodha N, Ohgaki H, Kleihues P, Hainaut P, Eeles RA | title=Li-Fraumeni and related syndromes: correlation between tumor type, family structure, and TP53 genotype | journal=Cancer Res | year=2003 | pages=6643-50 | volume=63 | issue=20 | id=PMID 14583457}}
* {{cite journal | author=Sengupta S, Harris CC | title=p53: traffic cop at the crossroads of DNA repair and recombination | journal=Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol | year=2005 | pages=44-55 | volume=6 | issue=1 | id=PMID 15688066}}
* {{cite journal | author=Smith ND, Rubenstein JN, Eggener SE, Kozlowski JM | title=The p53 tumor suppressor gene and nuclear protein: basic science review and relevance in the management of bladder cancer | journal=J Urol | year=2003 | pages=1219-28 | volume=169 | issue=4 | id=PMID 12629332}}
* {{cite journal | author=Soussi T, Beroud C | title=Significance of TP53 mutations in human cancer: a critical analysis of mutations at CpG dinucleotides | journal=Hum Mutat | year=2003 | pages=192-200 | volume=21 | issue=3 | id=PMID 12619105}}
* {{cite journal | author=Soussi T, Lozano G | title=p53 mutation heterogeneity in cancer | journal=Biochem Biophys Res Commun | year=2005 | pages=834-42 | volume=331 | issue=3 | id=PMID 15865939}}
* {{cite journal | author=Varley J | title=TP53, hChk2, and the Li-Fraumeni syndrome | journal=Methods Mol Biol | year=2003 | pages=117-29 | volume=222 | id=PMID 12710683}}
* {{cite journal | author=Varley JM | title=Germline TP53 mutations and Li-Fraumeni syndrome | journal=Hum Mutat | year=2003 | pages=313-20 | volume=21 | issue=3 | id=PMID 12619118}}
* {{cite journal | author=Vousden KH, Lu X | title=Live or let die: the cell's response to p53 | journal=Nat Rev Cancer | year=2002 | pages=594-604 | volume=2 | issue=8 | id=PMID 12154352}}
* {{cite journal | author=Vousden KH, Prives C | title=P53 and prognosis: new insights and further complexity | journal=Cell | year=2005 | pages=7-10 | volume=120 | issue=1 | id=PMID 15652475}}
* {{cite journal | author=Zamzami N, Kroemer G | title=p53 in apoptosis control: an introduction | journal=Biochem Biophys Res Commun | year=2005 | pages=685-7 | volume=331 | issue=3 | id=PMID 15865922}}
[[Category:Tumor suppressor genes]]
[[ur:p53 (وراث�)]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_TP53_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1a1u.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a1u}}, {{PDB2|1aie}}, {{PDB2|1c26}}, {{PDB2|1gzh}}, {{PDB2|1hs5}}, {{PDB2|1kzy}}, {{PDB2|1olg}}, {{PDB2|1olh}}, {{PDB2|1pes}}, {{PDB2|1pet}}, {{PDB2|1sae}}, {{PDB2|1saf}}, {{PDB2|1sag}}, {{PDB2|1sah}}, {{PDB2|1sai}}, {{PDB2|1saj}}, {{PDB2|1sak}}, {{PDB2|1sal}}, {{PDB2|1tsr}}, {{PDB2|1tup}}, {{PDB2|1uol}}, {{PDB2|1ycs}}, {{PDB2|2ac0}}, {{PDB2|2ady}}, {{PDB2|2ahi}}, {{PDB2|2ata}}, {{PDB2|2b3g}}, {{PDB2|2bim}}, {{PDB2|2bin}}, {{PDB2|2bio}}, {{PDB2|2bip}}, {{PDB2|2biq}}, {{PDB2|2fej}}, {{PDB2|2gs0}}, {{PDB2|2h1l}}, {{PDB2|2j1w}}, {{PDB2|2j1x}}, {{PDB2|2j1y}}, {{PDB2|2j1z}}, {{PDB2|2j20}}, {{PDB2|2j21}}, {{PDB2|2ocj}}, {{PDB2|3sak}}
| Name = tumor protein p53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome)
| HGNCid = 11998
| Symbol = TP53
| AltSymbols =; LFS1; TRP53; p53
| OMIM = 191170
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 460
| MGIid = 98834
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000060 |text = protein import into nucleus, translocation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000739 |text = DNA strand annealing activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001701 |text = in utero embryonic development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004518 |text = nuclease activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005507 |text = copper ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005626 |text = insoluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005654 |text = nucleoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005657 |text = replication fork}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005730 |text = nucleolus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005739 |text = mitochondrion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006284 |text = base-excision repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006289 |text = nucleotide-excision repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006974 |text = response to DNA damage stimulus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007050 |text = cell cycle arrest}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007569 |text = cell aging}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008104 |text = protein localization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008156 |text = negative regulation of DNA replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008635 |text = caspase activation via cytochrome c}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009411 |text = response to UV}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009792 |text = embryonic development ending in birth or egg hatching}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010165 |text = response to X-ray}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016363 |text = nuclear matrix}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019899 |text = enzyme binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030154 |text = cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030308 |text = negative regulation of cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031571 |text = G1 DNA damage checkpoint}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042771 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043066 |text = negative regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045941 |text = positive regulation of transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046902 |text = regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046982 |text = protein heterodimerization activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0047485 |text = protein N-terminus binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048147 |text = negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051097 |text = negative regulation of helicase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051262 |text = protein tetramerization}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7157
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000141510
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000537
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000546
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 7512464
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 7531642
| Hs_Uniprot = P04637
| Mm_EntrezGene = 22059
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000059552
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011640
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035770
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 69396600
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 69407992
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
Tumor protein p53, a nuclear protein, plays an essential role in the regulation of cell cycle, specifically in the transition from G0 to G1. It is found in very low levels in normal cells, however, in a variety of transformed cell lines, it is expressed in high amounts, and believed to contribute to transformation and malignancy. p53 is a DNA-binding protein containing DNA-binding, oligomerization and transcription activation domains. It is postulated to bind as a tetramer to a p53-binding site and activate expression of downstream genes that inhibit growth and/or invasion, and thus function as a tumor suppressor. Mutants of p53 that frequently occur in a number of different human cancers fail to bind the consensus DNA binding site, and hence cause the loss of tumor suppressor activity. Alterations of the TP53 gene occur not only as somatic mutations in human malignancies, but also as germline mutations in some cancer-prone families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
- CREATED: Created new protein page: VEGFA {August 10, 2007 1:18:53 PM PDT}
end log.
