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Log page index: User:JonSDSUGrad/Sandbox/PBB_Log_Index
[edit] Quick Protein List - Date: 18:17, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
[edit] Condensed Log - Date: 18:17, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
[edit] Created Protein Pages
[edit] Skipped Proteins
[edit] Vebose Log - Date: 18:17, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
AKT1
- CREATED: Created new protein page: AKT1 {August 10, 2007 11:14:50 AM PDT}
APOE
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 11:14:57 AM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 11:14:57 AM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: APOE {August 10, 2007 11:14:57 AM PDT}
'''APOE''' may refer to:
*[[Apolipoprotein E|Apolipoprotein Epsilon]], a main apoprotein of the chylomicron.
*[[Association of Professional Oklahoma Educators]], an organization in Oklahoma.
{{disambig}}
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_APOE_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1b68.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1b68}}, {{PDB2|1bz4}}, {{PDB2|1ea8}}, {{PDB2|1gs9}}, {{PDB2|1h7i}}, {{PDB2|1le2}}, {{PDB2|1le4}}, {{PDB2|1lpe}}, {{PDB2|1nfn}}, {{PDB2|1nfo}}, {{PDB2|1or2}}, {{PDB2|1or3}}
| Name = apolipoprotein E
| HGNCid = 613
| Symbol = APOE
| AltSymbols =; AD2; MGC1571; apoprotein
| OMIM = 107741
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 30951
| MGIid = 88057
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000302 |text = response to reactive oxygen species}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001540 |text = beta-amyloid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005319 |text = lipid transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005543 |text = phospholipid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006707 |text = cholesterol catabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006869 |text = lipid transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006874 |text = cellular calcium ion homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007010 |text = cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007271 |text = synaptic transmission, cholinergic}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007611 |text = learning and/or memory}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008015 |text = circulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008034 |text = lipoprotein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016209 |text = antioxidant activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030516 |text = regulation of axon extension}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042157 |text = lipoprotein metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042311 |text = vasodilation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042627 |text = chylomicron}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042632 |text = cholesterol homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046907 |text = intracellular transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048156 |text = tau protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048168 |text = regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050749 |text = apolipoprotein E receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051262 |text = protein tetramerization}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 348
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000130203
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000032
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000041
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 50100879
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 50104489
| Hs_Uniprot = P02649
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11816
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000002985
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009696
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033826
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 18854795
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 18857574
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
Chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver. Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
APP
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 11:15:11 AM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 11:15:11 AM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: APP {August 10, 2007 11:15:11 AM PDT}
{{Wiktionarypar|app}}
'''App''' is short for [[Application]].
It could be an abbreviation for:
* [[Appalachian State University]]
* [[Appalachian Mountains]]
'''APP''' could mean:
*[[Amyloid precursor protein]], a protein fragment associated with some neurological disorders
*[[Associated Press of Pakistan]]
*[[The Alan Parsons Project]], a progressive rock band
*[[Application software]], a type of computer program
*[[Atom Publishing Protocol]], a protocol for creating and updating web resources
*[[Asia Pulp & Paper]]
*[[Alberta Provincial Police]]
*.[[APP (filename)]], filename extension. [[Application software|Application]] for [[Symbian OS]]
*[[Asia-Pacific Partnership]]
In '''political parties'''
*[[Anticlerical Progress Party REASON]], a Polish political party
*[[Austrian People's Party]], an Austrian political party
*[[Populist Party (United States)]], an American political party
*[[American People's Party]], an American political party
*[[People's Progressive Alliance (Mauritania)|''Alliance populaire progressiste'']], a Mauritanian political party
In '''railway codes'''
*[[Appleton, Wisconsin]], in Amtrak's three-letter code
*[[Appleby railway station]], England, in National Rail's code
{{disambig}}
[[de:APP]]
[[fr:APP]]
[[it:APP]]
[[ja:APP (曖昧�回�)]]
[[pl:APP]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_APP_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1aap.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1aap}}, {{PDB2|1amb}}, {{PDB2|1amc}}, {{PDB2|1aml}}, {{PDB2|1ba4}}, {{PDB2|1ba6}}, {{PDB2|1brc}}, {{PDB2|1ca0}}, {{PDB2|1iyt}}, {{PDB2|1mwp}}, {{PDB2|1owt}}, {{PDB2|1rw6}}, {{PDB2|1taw}}, {{PDB2|1tkn}}, {{PDB2|1z0q}}, {{PDB2|1zjd}}, {{PDB2|2beg}}, {{PDB2|2fjz}}, {{PDB2|2fk1}}, {{PDB2|2fk2}}, {{PDB2|2fk3}}, {{PDB2|2fkl}}, {{PDB2|2fma}}, {{PDB2|2g47}}
| Name = amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II
| HGNCid = 620
| Symbol = APP
| AltSymbols =; AAA; ABETA; ABPP; AD1; APPI; CTFgamma; CVAP; PN2
| OMIM = 104760
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 56379
| MGIid = 88059
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000085 |text = G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001967 |text = suckling behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004867 |text = serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005488 |text = binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005507 |text = copper ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005905 |text = coated pit}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006378 |text = mRNA polyadenylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006878 |text = cellular copper ion homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006897 |text = endocytosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007219 |text = Notch signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007409 |text = axonogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007617 |text = mating behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008088 |text = axon cargo transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008344 |text = adult locomotory behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008542 |text = visual learning}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009986 |text = cell surface}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016199 |text = axon midline choice point recognition}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016322 |text = neuron remodeling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016358 |text = dendrite development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030198 |text = extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030424 |text = axon}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030900 |text = forebrain development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031410 |text = cytoplasmic vesicle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031594 |text = neuromuscular junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035253 |text = ciliary rootlet}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040014 |text = regulation of body size}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042802 |text = identical protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045177 |text = apical part of cell}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045931 |text = positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048471 |text = perinuclear region of cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048669 |text = collateral sprouting in the absence of injury}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050803 |text = regulation of synapse structure and activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050885 |text = regulation of balance}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050905 |text = neuromuscular process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051124 |text = synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051233 |text = spindle midzone}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051563 |text = smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 351
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000142192
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000475
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000484
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 21
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 26174733
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 26465003
| Hs_Uniprot = P05067
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11820
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022892
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007471
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031497
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 16
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 84837873
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 85057149
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
This gene encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
AR
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 11:15:18 AM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 11:15:18 AM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: AR {August 10, 2007 11:15:18 AM PDT}
'''AR''', '''Ar''' or '''ar''' can mean:
*the letter [[R]]
==Places, regions, languages==
*[[Arabic language]] ([[ISO 639]] alpha-2 language code)
*[[.ar]], the [[ccTLD]] for [[Argentina]]
*[[Argentina]], [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] and FIPS 10-4 digram [[country code]]
*[[Appenzell Outer Rhodes]], [[Swiss canton]]
*[[Arkansas]] ([[United States postal abbreviations]])
==Medicine, technology, science, mathematics, economics==
*[[Applied Relaxation]], a form of behavioral therapy used for depression, anxiety, etc.
*[[Artificial Respiration]], a cardio-respratory technique for lifesaving.
*[[Aortic insufficiency|Aortic Regurgitation]], a heart valve disease
*[[Autoregressive]], stochastic process in [[Econometrics]]
*[[Silver]], in the field of [[numismatics]] (from the Latin '''Argentum''')
*Analytical Reagent, such as [[Zinc acetate]], [[Mandelic acid]] or [[Perchloric acid]]
*[[Argon]], chemical symbol
*The [[AR-15]], a popular [[Assault Rifle]]
*[[Armalite]], maker of the [[AR-15]], a popular [[Assault Rifle]]
*[[Anti-reflective]] coating, a coating on lenses that allows better light transmission through the lens.
*[[Artist and repertoire]]
===Computer related===
*[[ar (Unix)|ar]] is a [[Unix]] archive format and handling tool
*[[Activation record]], a computer science term for the set of data regarding an active subroutine, stored within the stack.
*[[Augmented reality]], an application of [[virtual reality]] in the real world
*[[Accelerated Reader]], educational reading assessment software
====Computer games====
*[[Action Replay]], [[Video game]] device
*Abandoned Realms [http://abandonedrealms.wolfpaw.net], a [[MUD]] game
*[[Abandonia Reloaded]], a [[freeware]] games web community.
*''Alternate Reality'', a Primary Racial Trait in the [[4X]]-type [[Video game|computer game]] ''[[Stars!]]''
*[[Armadillo Run]], a physics-based, independently developed computer game.
==Businesses, organizations, groups, publications==
*[[Arkadium]]-Developer of online game software for the advergaming and casual game markets.
*[[Acoustic Research]], a brand name of [[Audiovox]]
*[[Aberdeen and Rockfish Railroad]], ([[Association of American Railroads|AAR]] reporting mark)
* [[Atlantic Records]]
*[[AerolÃneas Argentinas]], IATA airline designator
*''The [[Arizona Republic]]'', a newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona
*[[Armalite]], an American arms manufacturer (e.g. [[AR-15]] or any rifle of the same pattern)
*[[Army Regulation]], a publication in the family of [[Field Manual]]s, [[Training Manual]]s, etc.
==Culture and history==
*[[American Revolution]]
*[[Animal Rights]], among animal rights activists
*[[Argent]], the heraldic tincture of silver
*[[Accounts Receivable]], an accounting term
*Repair Ship, [[U.S. Navy]] [[hull classification symbol]]
*the [[á›…]] rune of the [[Younger Futhark]]
===Fiction===
*[[Arlesdale Railway]], a fictional railway in [[the Railway Series]] by [[W.V. Awdry]]
{{disambig}}
[[af:AR]]
[[cs:AR]]
[[da:Ar]]
[[de:AR]]
[[el:AR]]
[[eo:Ar]]
[[fr:AR]]
[[ko:AR]]
[[id:AR (disambiguasi)]]
[[it:AR]]
[[nl:Ar]]
[[ja:AR]]
[[no:AR]]
[[pl:AR]]
[[pt:AR]]
[[ksh:AR (Watt ėßß datt?)]]
[[sl:Ar]]
[[sh:Ar]]
[[fi:Ar]]
[[sv:AR]]
[[vi:AR]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_AR_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1e3g.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1e3g}}, {{PDB2|1gs4}}, {{PDB2|1i37}}, {{PDB2|1i38}}, {{PDB2|1r4i}}, {{PDB2|1t5z}}, {{PDB2|1t63}}, {{PDB2|1t65}}, {{PDB2|1t73}}, {{PDB2|1t74}}, {{PDB2|1t76}}, {{PDB2|1t79}}, {{PDB2|1t7f}}, {{PDB2|1t7m}}, {{PDB2|1t7r}}, {{PDB2|1t7t}}, {{PDB2|1xj7}}, {{PDB2|1xnn}}, {{PDB2|1xow}}, {{PDB2|1xq3}}, {{PDB2|1z95}}, {{PDB2|2am9}}, {{PDB2|2ama}}, {{PDB2|2amb}}, {{PDB2|2ao6}}, {{PDB2|2ax6}}, {{PDB2|2ax7}}, {{PDB2|2ax8}}, {{PDB2|2ax9}}, {{PDB2|2axa}}, {{PDB2|2ihq}}, {{PDB2|2nw4}}, {{PDB2|2oz7}}
| Name = androgen receptor (dihydrotestosterone receptor; testicular feminization; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; Kennedy disease)
| HGNCid = 644
| Symbol = AR
| AltSymbols =; AIS; DHTR; HUMARA; KD; NR3C4; SBMA; SMAX1; TFM
| OMIM = 313700
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 28
| MGIid = 88064
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001701 |text = in utero embryonic development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004882 |text = androgen receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005496 |text = steroid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005497 |text = androgen binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007548 |text = sex differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008289 |text = lipid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008584 |text = male gonad development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016049 |text = cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019102 |text = male somatic sex determination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030521 |text = androgen receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030850 |text = prostate gland development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046983 |text = protein dimerization activity}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 367
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000169083
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000035
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000044
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 66681190
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 66867186
| Hs_Uniprot = P10275
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11835
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000046532
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013476
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038504
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 94352469
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 94519866
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Two alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
BCL2
- CREATED: Created new protein page: BCL2 {August 10, 2007 11:15:25 AM PDT}
BRCA1
- NO JOB: Both updates are turned off with errors. {August 10, 2007 11:15:31 AM PDT}
- BAD FORMAT: There is a problem with the BOT commands on this page. Invoking a Mandantory Inspection. {August 10, 2007 11:15:31 AM PDT}
- INSPECTION: Manual Inspection Required for this protein: BRCA1 {August 10, 2007 11:15:31 AM PDT}
{{Protbox
|Name=Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
|Photo=BRCA Genes-location of BRCA1 and BRCA2 on chromosomes 13 and 17.gif
|Caption=Location of the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 on chromosomes 13 and 17
|HGNCid = 1100
|Symbol = BRCA1
|AltSymbols =
|Codes={{EntrezGene|672}}, {{RefSeq|NM_007295}}, {{UniProt|P38398}}, {{OMIM|113705}}
|EntrezGene =
|OMIM =
|RefSeq =
|UniProt =
|PDB =
|ECnumber =
|Chromosome = 17
|Arm = q
|Band = 21
|LocusSupplementaryData =-q24
|Gene=
|Gene_type=
|Protein_length= 1863
|Molecular_weight=207732
|Structure=
|Review=
|Type=
|Functions= [[DNA]] repair, [[Tumor suppressor]], [[Transcription (genetics)|Transcription]] regulator
|Domains=[[ZFC3 domain]], 2 [[BRCT domain]]s
|Motifs= 2[[NLS motif]]s, [[CC motif]]
|Alternative_products=
|Catalytic_activity=
|Cofactors=
|Enzyme_regulation=
|Diseases= [[breast-ovarian cancer]] (BOC) {{OMIM|113705}}
|Pharmaceuticals=
|Taxa= ''[[Homo sapiens]]''
|Cells= many; [[ovaries]], [[testis]], [[mammary gland]]s, [[lymphocyte]], [[prostate]], [[cervix]]
|Location= Primary: [[cell nucleus|Nucleus]]; Secondary: [[Cytoplasm]], [[Centrosome]]
|Mods=
|Names= '''RING finger protein 53, Breast cancer 1 Early Onset, PSCP, RNF53'''
|Pathways=
|Interactions=
|Pages=
|Actions=
|Agonists=
|Antagonists=
}}
'''''BRCA1''''' ('''breast cancer 1, early onset''') is a [[human]] [[gene]] that belongs to a class of genes known as [[tumor suppressor gene|tumor suppressors]], which regulate the [[cell cycle]] and prevent uncontrolled proliferation. The BRCA1 protein product of the gene is part of the DNA damage detection and repair system. Variation in the gene has been implicated in some cancers. The ''BRCA1'' gene is located on the long (q) arm of [[chromosome 17 (human)|chromosome 17]] at position 21, from [[base pair]] 38,449,843 to base pair 38,530,933.
==Function and mechanism==
The BRCA1 [[protein]] is directly involved in the repair of damaged [[DNA]]. In the nucleus of many types of normal cells, the BRCA1 protein is thought to interact with [[RAD51]] to mend breaks in DNA, though the details and significance of this interaction is the subject of debate.<ref>{{cite journal | author=S.J. Boulton | title=Cellular functions of the BRCA tumour-suppressor proteins | journal=Biochemical Society Transactions | year=2006 | pages=633-645 | volume=34 | issue=5 | id=PMID 17052168 }}</ref> These breaks can be caused by natural radiation or other exposures, but also occur when [[chromosome]]s exchange genetic material in preparation for cell division. The [[BRCA2]] protein, which has a function similar to that of BRCA1, also interacts with the RAD51 protein. By repairing DNA, these three proteins play a role in maintaining the stability of the human genome.
Research suggests that both the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins regulate the activity of other genes and play a critical role in embryo development. The BRCA1 protein probably interacts with many other proteins, including tumor suppressors and regulators of the cell division cycle.
==Related conditions==
Certain variations of the ''BRCA1'' gene lead to an increased risk for [[breast cancer]]. Researchers have identified more than 600 [[mutation]]s in the ''BRCA1'' gene, many of which are associated with an increased risk of cancer. These mutations can be changes in one or a small number of DNA [[base pair]]s (the building blocks of DNA). In some cases, large segments of DNA are rearranged. A mutated ''BRCA1'' gene usually makes a [[protein]] that does not function properly because it is abnormally short. Researchers believe that the defective BRCA1 protein is unable to help fix mutations that occur in other genes. These defects accumulate and may allow cells to grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor.
In addition to breast cancer, mutations in the ''BRCA1'' gene also increase the risk on [[ovarian cancer|ovarian]], [[Fallopian tube]], [[prostate cancer|prostate]] and [[colon cancer]]s. Moreover, precancerous lesions (dysplasia) within the Fallopian tube have been linked to ''BRCA1'' gene mutations.
==See also==
* [[BRCA2]]
* [[Breast cancer]]
* [[Mary-Claire King]]
BRCA1 gene was discovered in 1994, by studying Mormon families in Utah, and that was done via linkage analysis.
==References==
<references/>
==Further reading==
* {{cite journal | author=Antoniou A, Pharoah PD, Narod S, Risch HA, Eyfjord JE, Hopper JL, Loman N, Olsson H, Johannsson O, Borg A, Pasini B, Radice P, Manoukian S, Eccles DM, Tang N, Olah E, Anton-Culver H, Warner E, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Gorski B, Tulinius H, Thorlacius S, Eerola H, Nevanlinna H, Syrjakoski K, Kallioniemi OP, Thompson D, Evans C, Peto J, Lalloo F, Evans DG, Easton DF | title=Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case Series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies | journal=Am J Hum Genet | year=2003 | pages=1117-30 | volume=72 | issue=5 | id=PMID 12677558 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Barnett GL, Friedrich CA | title=Recent developments in ovarian cancer genetics | journal=Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol | year=2004 | pages=79-85 | volume=16 | issue=1 | id=PMID 15128012}}
* {{cite journal | author=Daniel DC | title=Highlight: BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in breast cancer | journal=Microsc Res Tech | year=2002 | pages=68-83 | volume=59 | issue=1 | id=PMID 12242698 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Ding SL, Sheu LF, Yu JC, Yang TL, Chen BF, Leu FJ, Shen CY | title=Abnormality of the DNA double-strand-break checkpoint/repair genes, ATM, BRCA1 and TP53, in breast cancer is related to tumour grade | journal=Br J Cancer | year=2004 | pages=1995-2001 | volume=90 | issue=10 | id=PMID 15138484 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Foulkes WD, Metcalfe K, Sun P, Hanna WM, Lynch HT, Ghadirian P, Tung N, Olopade OI, Weber BL, McLennan J, Olivotto IA, Begin LR, Narod SA | title=Estrogen receptor status in BRCA1- and BRCA2-related breast cancer: the influence of age, grade, and histological type | journal=Clin Cancer Res | year=2004 | pages=2029-34 | volume=10 | issue=6 | id=PMID 15041722 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Hall JM, Lee MK, Newman B, Morrow JE, Anderson LA, Huey B, King MC | title=Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21 | journal=Science | year=1990 | pages=1684-89 | volume=250 | issue=4988 | id=PMID 2270482}}
* {{cite journal | author=Liede A, Karlan BY, Narod SA | title=Cancer risks for male carriers of germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: a review of the literature | journal=J Clin Oncol | year=2004 | pages=735-42 | volume=22 | issue=4 | id=PMID 14966099}}
* {{cite journal | author=Metcalfe K, Lynch HT, Ghadirian P, Tung N, Olivotto I, Warner E, Olopade OI, Eisen A, Weber B, McLennan J, Sun P, Foulkes WD, Narod SA | title=Contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers | journal=J Clin Oncol | year=2004 | pages=2328-35 | volume=22 | issue=12 | id=PMID 15197194 }}
*{{cite book | first=Shobita| last=Parthasarathy| title=Building Genetic Medicine: Breast Cancer, Technology, and the Comparative Politics of Health Care| year=2007 | publisher=[[The MIT Press]] | id=ISBN 978-0-262-016242-5}}
* {{cite journal | author=Powell SN, Kachnic LA | title=Roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombination, DNA replication fidelity and the cellular response to ionizing radiation | journal=Oncogene | year=2003 | pages=5784-91 | volume=22 | issue=37 | id=PMID 12947386 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Scully R, Puget N | title=BRCA1 and BRCA2 in hereditary breast cancer | journal=Biochimie | year=2002 | pages=95-102 | volume=84 | issue=1 | id=PMID 11900881 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Tutt A, Ashworth A | title=The relationship between the roles of BRCA genes in DNA repair and cancer predisposition | journal=Trends Mol Med | year=2002 | pages=571-6 | volume=8 | issue=12 | id=PMID 12470990 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Venkitaraman AR | title=Cancer susceptibility and the functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 | journal=Cell | year=2002 | pages=171-82 | volume=108 | issue=2 | id=PMID 11832208}}
* {{cite journal | author=Zweemer RP, van Diest PJ, Verheijen RH, Ryan A, Gille JJ, Sijmons RH, Jacobs IJ, Menko FH, Kenemans P | title=Molecular evidence linking primary cancer of the fallopian tube to BRCA1 germline mutations | journal=gynecol oncol | year=2000 | pages45-50 | volume=76 | issue =1 | id=PMID: 10620440 }}
* {{ cite journal | author=Piek JM, van Diest PJ, Zweemer RP, Jansen JW, Poort-Keesom RJ, Menko FH, Gille JJ, Jongsma AP, Pals G, Kenemans P, Verheijen RH | title=Dysplastic changes in prophylactically removed Fallopian tubes of women predisposed to developing ovarian cancer | journal=J Pathol. | year=2001 | pages451-56 | volume=195 | issue =4 | id=PMID: 11745677 }}
==External links==
* Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: {{OMIM|113705}}
* {{EntrezGene|672}}
* [http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp?BRCA1 GeneCard]
* [http://www.exactantigen.com/review/BRCA1.html BRCA1 antibody review]
{{Tumor suppressor genes}}
[[Category:Tumor markers]]
[[Category:Tumor suppressor genes]]
[[ca:BRCA1]]
[[pl:BRCA1]]
[[pt:BRCA1]]
[[ur:برسا 1]]
****** Appended Protein Page ******
<!-- BOT: MANUAL_INSPECTION_REQUIRED = NO - change this option to YES to have the protein box bot require an operator inspection before updating occurs. -->
<!-- BOT: PROTEIN BOX UPDATE = YES - This protein box is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this protein box -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_BRCA1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1jm7.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1jm7}}, {{PDB2|1jnx}}, {{PDB2|1n5o}}, {{PDB2|1oqa}}, {{PDB2|1t15}}, {{PDB2|1t29}}, {{PDB2|1t2u}}, {{PDB2|1t2v}}, {{PDB2|1y98}}
| Name = breast cancer 1
| HGNCid = 1100
| Symbol = BRCA1
| AltSymbols =; BRCAI; BRCC1; IRIS; PSCP; RNF53
| OMIM = 113705
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 5276
| MGIid = 104537
| GeneAtlas_image =
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000075 |text = cell cycle checkpoint}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000151 |text = ubiquitin ligase complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000793 |text = condensed chromosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003684 |text = damaged DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003713 |text = transcription coactivator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004842 |text = ubiquitin-protein ligase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006260 |text = DNA replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006281 |text = DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006357 |text = regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006359 |text = regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006633 |text = fatty acid biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006978 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007059 |text = chromosome segregation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007098 |text = centrosome cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008274 |text = gamma-tubulin ring complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008630 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009048 |text = dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015631 |text = tubulin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016481 |text = negative regulation of transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016567 |text = protein ubiquitination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019899 |text = enzyme binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030521 |text = androgen receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031398 |text = positive regulation of protein ubiquitination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031436 |text = BRCA1-BARD1 complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042981 |text = regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045717 |text = negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045739 |text = positive regulation of DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045893 |text = positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046600 |text = negative regulation of centriole replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050681 |text = androgen receptor binding}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 672
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000012048
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_009226
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_007295
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 38449840
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 38530994
| Hs_Uniprot = P38398
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12189
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000017146
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009764
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033894
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 101305657
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 101367902
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY BEGIN UPDATE = YES - This summary is automatically updated by protein box bot. Change the update option to NO to have the bot skip updating this summary -->
==Summary==
This gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability and acts as a tumor suppressor. The encoded protein combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as BASC for BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex. This gene product associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the C-terminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complex. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing plays a role in modulating the subcellular localization and physiological function of this gene. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene but only some have had their full-length natures identified.
<!-- BOT: SUMMARY END -->
CASP3
- CREATED: Created new protein page: CASP3 {August 10, 2007 11:15:38 AM PDT}
CDKN1A
- CREATED: Created new protein page: CDKN1A {August 10, 2007 11:15:45 AM PDT}
CDKN2A
- CREATED: Created new protein page: CDKN2A {August 10, 2007 11:15:53 AM PDT}
MMP9
- CREATED: Created new protein page: MMP9 {August 10, 2007 11:16:02 AM PDT}
end log.
