Ivan Goran Kovačić

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Ivan Goran Kovačić

Ivan Goran Kovačić (1913-1943) was one of the greatest Croatian poets and writers of the 20th century.^{[citations needed]} He was born in Lukovdol, a town in Gorski Kotar, a mountainous region of western Croatia, and his middle name Goran stems from that.

During World War II, he joined the Partisan forces, as did the poet Vladimir Nazor in 1942. His best known work is "Jama" (The Pit), which ranks among the greatest Croatian poems ever written.^{[citations needed]} He penned it during the war, while in service near the city of Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The poem was written out of intellectual and ethical responsibility that condemns fascist atrocities done by the Ustashas. Ivan Goran Kovačić was killed by Četnik forces in an east-Bosnian village of Vrbica near Foča on July 13, 1943.

His work is a great example of anti-war poetry. Its message against torture, mass murders and war crimes is universal. Jama was studied in elementary school all over the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Many schools in Croatia bare his name (and also in Macedonia and Serbia - in Skopje and Belgrade respectively).

[edit] "Jama"

The poem "Jama" praises Zion as the "place from which light comes", which is an obvious opposition to extermination policy against Jews and Serbs of Ustasha regime of the time.^{[citations needed]} Another controversy is that use of Zion here is probably a Biblical metaphor, but the poem was still supported and taught by Communist regime throughout four decades in schools.

The poem starts with a striking metaphor of blood replacing both light and darkness as victim's eyes were plucked out with a knife. That common torture was probably a mere sadism, since the victims were mass-murdered after that anyway:

Blood is my daylight and darkness too.

Blessing of night has been gouged from my cheeks

Bearing with it my more lucky sight.

Within those holes, for tears, fierce fire inflamed

The bleeding socket as if for brain a balm –

While my bright eyes died on my own palm