Template:Infobox scandium

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21 calcium ← scandium → titanium - ↑ Sc ↓ Y Periodic table - Extended periodic table
General
Name, symbol, number	scandium, Sc, 21
Chemical series	transition metals
Group, period, block	3, 4, d
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight	44.955912(6) g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 8, 3
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	2.985 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	2.80 g·cm−3
Melting point	1814 K (1541 °C, 2806 °F)
Boiling point	3109 K (2836 °C, 5136 °F)
Heat of fusion	14.1 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	332.7 kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity	(25 °C) 25.52 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T/K 1645 1804 (2006) (2266) (2613) (3101)
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Oxidation states	3, 2 [1], 1 [2] (weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	1.36 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 633.1 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1235.0 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 2388.6 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	160 pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	184 pm
Covalent radius	144 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) calc. 562 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 15.8 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly) 10.2 µm/(m·K)
Young's modulus	74.4 GPa
Shear modulus	29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus	56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.279
Brinell hardness	750 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-20-2
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of scandium iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 44mSc syn 58.61 h IT 0.2709 44Sc γ 1.0, 1.1, 1.1 44Sc ε - 44Ca 45Sc 100% 45Sc is stable with 24 neutrons 46Sc syn 83.79 d β- 0.3569 46Ti γ 0.889, 1.120 - 47Sc syn 3.3492 d β- 0.44, 0.60 47Ti γ 0.159 - 48Sc syn 43.67 h β- 0.661 48Ti γ 0.9, 1.3, 1.0 -
References
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