Herman Kalckar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Herman Kalckar

Born March 26, 1908
Copenhagen, Denmark
Died May 17, 1991 (aged 83)
Fields Biochemistry

Herman Moritz Kalckar (1908 -1991) was a Danish biochemist who pioneered the study of cellular respiration.[1][2] He trained as a medical doctor at the University of Copenhagen but later moved to America, becoming a professor of biology at Johns Hopkins University.

In his work in Denmark, Kalckar showed that phosphate compounds could provide energy, by demonstrating that in frog muscles where glycolysis had been inhibited with iodoacetate, muscular contraction continued for a short period using phosphocreatine as a source of energy.[3] This suggested for the first time that phosphate compounds acted as a link between catabolism and anabolism.[4] These studies were done in close collaboration with Fritz Albert Lipmann.

In America, Kalckar worked with Sidney Colowick and discovered adenylate kinase in 1942, purifying this enzyme from muscle extracts.[5] Further work on nucleotide metabolism allowed him to identify nucleoside phosphorylase, a key enzyme in nucleotide salvage pathways.[6]

Moving on from nucleotides, Kalckar switched his attention to the enzymes involved in galactose metabolism. Here, he characterised galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase and identified the cause of the human metabolic disease galactosemia as a defect in this enzyme.[7][8]


[edit] References

  1. ^ Obituary - "Herman Kalckar, 83, Metabolism Authority" New York Times, May 22, 1991
  2. ^ Kalckar HM (1991). "50 years of biological research--from oxidative phosphorylation to energy requiring transport regulation". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 60: 1–37. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.000245. PMID 1883194. 
  3. ^ Kalckar HM (1974). "Origins of the concept oxidative phosphorylation". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 5 (1-2): 55–63. doi:10.1007/BF01874172. PMID 4279328. 
  4. ^ Herman Moritz Kalckar Eugene P. Kennedy National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs Volume 69, 1996
  5. ^ Kalckar HM. (1942). "The enzymatic action of myokinase". J. Biol. Chem. 143 (1): 299–300. 
  6. ^ Kalckar HM. (1945). "Enzymatic synthesis of a nucleoside". J. Biol. Chem. 158 (3): 723–724. 
  7. ^ Kalckar HM, Braganea B, Munch-Petersen A. (1953). "Uridyl Transferases and the Formation of Uridine Triphosphate : Uridyl Transferases and the Formation of Uridine Diphosphogalactose". Nature 172 (4388): 1013–62. doi:10.1038/1721038a0. 
  8. ^ Isselbacher KJ, Anderson EP, Kurahashi K, Kalckar HM (1956). "Congenital galactosemia, a single enzymatic block in galactose metabolism". Science 13 (123): 635–6. doi:10.1126/science.123.3198.635. PMID 13311516. 


adenine This article about a biochemist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
This biographical article about a chemist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Languages