User:Hans Adler/Sandbox

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I have finally copied my extended version of the article on the apothecaries' system of weights into article space. See apothecaries' system.

1 Other stuff

[edit] Other stuff

Other stuff

The following is an archived debate. Please do not modify it.

[edit] Metric conversion of apothecaries' weights

Metric conversion of apothecaries' pound
metric weight	country or city	publication year of source	variant
301.230 g	Venice	1832^[1]	north
320.761 g	Kingdom of the Two Sicilies	1832^[1]	Sicilian
325.666 g	Bologna	1832^[1]	south
334.500 g	Duchy of Lucca	1832^[1]	south
339.073 g	Vatican (without Bologna)	1832^[1]	south
339.542 g	Grand Duchy of Tuscany	1832^[1]	south
340.457 g	Duchy of Modena	1832^[1]	south
344.190 g	Kingdom of Portugal	1832^[1]	south
345.072 g	Kingdom of Spain	1832^[1]	south
349.832 g	Anhalt-Köthen	1832^[1]	north
350.670 g	Mecklenburg-Schwerin	1832^[1]	north
350.784 g	Prussia (after 1816) Anhalt-Dessau Lippe	1832^[1]	north
350.830 g	Mecklenburg-Strelitz	1832^[1]	north
356.227 g	Sweden	1832^[1]	north
357.844 g	Pondus med. Noricum	1832^[1]	north
358.511 g	Poland	1832^[1]	north
360.000 g	Bavaria	1832^[1]	north
369.126 g	Lübeck, Netherlands until 1820	1832^[1]	north
373.202 g	British Empire United States	1832^[1]	north
375.000 g	United Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1821 Kingdom of the Netherlands	1832^[1]	north
420.009 g	Habsburg Monarchy (without Venice) 1761–1871^[2]	1832^[1]	north
489.506 g	France	1832^[1]	French

The list is not complete; e.g. the metric equivalents of a pound within the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia or the Duchy of Parma could vary by up to 8% and have been omitted for simplicity.^[1]

Nürnberger Medicinalgewicht (Pondus med. Noricum): 1 Libra = 357.8436 g.

As of 1835, this was used in:

Baden^[3]
Duchy of Brunswick^[4]
Bremen
Denmark
Frankfurt
Hamburg
Kingdom of Hanover
Hesse-Kassel
Hesse-Homburg
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Nassau (state)
United Kingdom of the Netherlands before 1820
Norway^[5]
Oldenburg (state)
Prussia before 1816
Reuss Junior Line / Reuss Elder Line
Russian Empire without Poland
Kingdom of Saxony
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Switzerland
Waldeck (state)
Württemberg

[edit] Baden

Badische Verordnung vom 10. Februar 1854: Apothekerpfund = 375 g as in Belgium, rather than 357.78 g as before. (Norwegisches Medicinalpfund = 357.8452 g.) [3]

[edit] Reconstructing the Roman system

Reconstruction of Roman weight units
367 g	6912 French grains	Budée 1514 (coin)^[6]
321.2 g	6048 French grains	Savost 1627 (coin)^[7]^[6]
317.2 g	5976 French grains	Boutroue^[6]
323.35 g	6276 French grains	Auzout 1689 / D'Hancarville 1785 (water)^[6]
341.6 g	6432 French grains	Gassendi^[6]
326.35 g	6144 French grains	Leblanc 1689^[6]
313.42 g		Eisenschmidt 1708^[6]
382.46 g	7200 French grains	Delabarre 1728/1738^[6]
333 g	6300 French grains	Dupuy 1757^[6]
326.33 g	6144 French grains	De la Nauze 1760 (coin)^[7]^[6]
335.25 g	6312 French grains	Paucton 1780^[6]
321.24 g	6048 French grains	Romé de l'Isle^[7]
325.97 g	6137 French grains	Letronne (silver coin)^[7]
326.86 g	6154 French grains	Letronne (gold coin)^[7]
327.18 g	6160 French grains	Letronne 1817/1825^[6]
337 g	6346 French grains	Hase 1824 (water)^[6]
324 g	6100 French grains	Saigey 1834^[7]^[6]
337.19 g	5204 British grains	Hussey 1836^[6]
327 g		Boeck 1838^[6]
325 g	6118 French grains	Cagnazzi and Garucci^[6]
327.45 g	6164 French grains	Friedländer and Pinder 1843/1851^[6]
323.51 g		Saigey 1848 (weight piece from 532, Louvre)^[6]
316 g		Dupré/André 1854 (triple weight piece)^[6]
325 g		Dupré/André 1854 (other weight piece)^[6]
320 g		André (bronze weight piece)^[6]
317 g		André (bronze weight piece)^[6]
305 g		André (bronze weight piece)^[6]

For comparison. "Livre chéquée" of Constantinople: 321.17 g. Smyrna: 321.20 g. Naples: 320.69 g. Bergamo "peso sottile": 326.22 g. Parma: 326.42 g.^[6]

English Troy weight system

The Tower pound seems to have been something more than the Roman pound, and something less than the Troyes pound. This last was not introduced into the mint of England till the 18th of Henry the VIII. The French livre contained, in the time of Charlemagne, a pound, Troyes weight, of silver of a known fineness. The fair of Troyes in Champaign was at that time frequented by all the nations of Europe, and the weights and measures of so famous a market were generally known and esteemed. The Scots money pound contained, from the time of Alexander the First to that of Robert Bruce, a pound of silver of the same weight and fineness with the English pound sterling. —Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

[edit] Historical measurements

[4]
Das Gewicht der Kölner Mark
Nürnberger Mark = 63/64 × Kölner Mark [5]
[6]
[7]
Dictionary of Units

German civil weights
Pfund	Loth	Quentchen	Richttheil^[8]
1 Pfund	32 Loth	128 Quentchen	320,000 Richttheile
	1 Loth	4 Quentchen	10,000 Richttheile
		1 Quentchen	2,500 Richttheile

Combined table of civil weights^[9]
livre	marc	quarteron	once	lot		gros	denier	grain
libra	marco		onza		escrupolo	ochava	dinero	grano
libra (arratel)	meio (marco)		onca			outava	escrupolo	grao
Pfund				Lot(h)		Quentchen
skalpund			untz	lod		quintin
funt			once	loth				doli
1	2	4	16	32	64	128	384	9,216

Combined table of German weights
Pfund	Libra	Uncia	Loth	Quentchen	Drachma	Scrupulum	Grana
1 Pfund		16 Unc.	32 Loth	128 Quentchen	128 Dr.	384 Scr.	7,680 Gr.
	1 Libra	12 Unc.	24 Loth	96 Quentchen	96 Dr.	288 Scr.	5,760 Gr.
		1 Unc.	2 Loth	8 Quentchen	8 Dr.	24 Scr.	480 Gr.
			1 Loth	4 Quentchen	4 Dr.	12 Scr.	240 Gr.
				1 Quentchen	1 Dr.	3 Scr.	60 Gr.
						1 Scr.	20 Gr.