Great Egret
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| Ardea alba |
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The Great Egret Ardea alba, also known as the Great White Egret, White Heron, or Common Egret, is a wading egret, found in most of the tropical and warmer temperate parts of the world, although it is very local in southern Europe and Asia. It is called Kōtuku in New Zealand. It is sometimes confused with the Great White Heron in Florida, which is a white morph of the Great Blue Heron.
The Great Egret is a large bird with all white plumage that can reach 101 cm in height and weigh up to 950 g. It is only slightly smaller than the Great Blue or Grey Herons. Apart from size, the Great Egret can be distinguished from other white egrets by its yellow bill and black legs and feet. It also has a slow flight, with its neck retracted. This is characteristic of herons and bitterns, and distinguishes them from storks, cranes and spoonbills, which extend their necks.
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[edit] Habits
The Great Egret feeds in shallow water or drier habitats, spearing fish, frogs or insects with its long, sharp bill. It will often wait motionless for prey, or slowly stalk its victim. It is a common species, usually easily seen.
The Great Egret is partially migratory, with northern hemisphere birds moving south from areas with cold winters. It breeds in colonies in trees close to large lakes with reed beds or other extensive wetlands. It builds a bulky stick nest. The call at breeding colonies is a loud croaking "cuk cuk cuk".
[edit] Conservation status
Although generally a very successful species with a large and expanding range, the Great Egret is highly endangered in New Zealand, with only one breeding site at Okarito Lagoon.[2][3] In North America, large numbers of Great Egrets were killed around the end of the 19th century so that their plumes could be used to decorate hats. Numbers have since recovered as a result of conservation measures. Its range has expanded as far north as southern Canada. However, in some parts of the southern United States, its numbers have declined due to habitat loss. In 1953 the Great Egret in flight was chosen as the symbol of the National Audubon Society, which was formed in part to prevent the killing of birds for their feathers.[4][5]
They are Protected in Australia under the National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1974.
The Great Egret is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
[edit] Taxonomy
Various authors also identify this species as Egretta alba and Casmerodius albus. However, this species closely resembles the large Ardea herons such as Grey Heron and Great Blue Heron in everything but colour, whereas it shows fewer similarities to the smaller white egrets.
There are four subspecies in various parts of the world, of which the largest is A. a. modesta.
[edit] Subspecies
- A. a. modesta - Asia and Australasia.
- A. a. alba - Europe
- A. a. egretta - North America
- A. a. melanorhynchos - Africa
[edit] Cultural References
The Great Egret is depicted on the reverse side of the 5-Brazilian Reais banknote.
[edit] References
- ^ BirdLife International (2004). Casmerodius albus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
- ^ Kotuku, the white heron
- ^ Native Fact sheet, Kotuku Wellington Zoo
- ^ Aubudon Timeline
- ^ Historical Highlights: Signature Species
[edit] Bibliography
- Ardea alba (TSN 554135). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 9 February 2006.
- Peterson, Roger T. Peterson Field Guides: Eastern Birds. 4th ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 102.
[edit] External links
- The Great White Egret Image documentation
- Great Egret Information - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Great Egret Information and Photos - South Dakota Birds and Birding
- Great Egret Information - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
