Filene's

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Fate	Acquired by Macy's
Successor	Macy's
Founded	1881
Defunct	2005
Location	Boston, Massachusetts
Industry	Retail
Products	Clothing, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelry, beauty products, and housewares.
Former Parent	Formerly May Department Stores

Filene's was a Boston-based chain of department stores owned by Federated Department Stores (1929-1988; 2005-2006), and May Department Stores (1988-2005). It operated throughout New England and in New York.

[edit] History

Filene's was founded in Boston in 1881 as William Filene's Sons Co. Under the direction of company president Edward Filene, it opened its famous "Automatic Bargain Basement" in 1909, which became a heavily visited tourist attraction. The concept of the bargain basement was not new (Marshall Field's opened the first in 1879), but Filene's basement was well lit and ostentatiously decorated. The basement had its own staff which bought surplus, factory clearances, overstock, or closeout merchandise - Filene boasted that he had once sold more than 7,000 pairs of woolen underwear in two July days. Goods were marked down according to an automatic schedule; an item that had been on sale for 12 days was marked down by 25 percent, after 18 days by 50 percent, after 24 days by 75 percent, and after 30 days it was given away. Ninety percent of goods sold in the basement were purchased within the first 12 days of sale.^[1]

Filene's was one of the founding members of the Federated Department Stores, Inc. organization in 1929. It historically catered to the "carriage trade." In 1988, after the leveraged buy-out of Federated by Campeau Corp. of Toronto, Canada, the division was sold to May Department Stores Co. along with Foley's of Houston. It was at this time that Filene's and the equally famous Filene's Basement were disassociated. To this day, Filene's Basement is separately owned and operated by Retail Ventures, Inc.

In 1992 Filene's absorbed G. Fox & Co. of Hartford, Connecticut, another division of May Company. The 1990s saw a doubling of the Filene's organization as May invested in new stores and broadened Filene's price and product assortments. In 2002 it assumed operational control of the Kaufmann's stores in western New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia.

Effective August 30, 2005, Federated Department Stores completed its previously announced acquisition of May Department Stores, thus reuniting Federated and Filene's. On that day the Filene's/Kaufmann's organization was dissolved and the management of its stores was assumed by Macy's East and the new Macy's Midwest. The store's website was largely consolidated into macys.com during the spring of 2006. On September 9, 2006, the Filene's name and brand was completely phased out as Federated converted Filene's to the Macy's masthead. The landmark flagship Filene's department store at Downtown Crossing closed (Federated did not convert this store to a Macy's, as there was already a Macy's store across the street). It was announced that the store would be sold to Vornado Realty Trust and restored and redeveloped as office and retail space.

The store's Downtown Crossing location was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

[edit] Former Filene's Locations

[edit] Connecticut

• Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk MSA/Danbury - Danbury Fair Mall (opened 1986 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, closed 2005) 172,000 square feet (16,000 m²)
• Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk MSA/Trumbull - Westfield Trumbull (formerly Trumbull Shopping Center) (opened 1978 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, Macy's 2005) 222,000 square feet (20,600 m²)
• Hartford MSA/Enfield - Enfield Square (2 locations) (opened 1971 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, home store opened 2000, converted to Macy's 2005)
• Hartford MSA/Farmington - Westfarms Mall (2 locations) (opened 1974 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, home store opened 1995, converted to Macy's 2005) combined stores 292,000 square feet (27,100 m²)
• Hartford MSA/Manchester - The Shoppes at Buckland Hills (2 locations) (opened 1986 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, home store opened 2004, converted to Macy's 2005) 105,000 square feet (9,800 m²) home store, main store 105,000 square feet (9,800 m²)
• New Haven-Waterbury MSA/Meriden - Westfield Meriden (formerly Meriden Square) (opened 1971 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, converted to Macy's 2005)
• New Haven-Waterbury MSA/Milford - Westfield Connecticut Post (formerly Connecticut Post Mall) (opened 1991 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, expanded 2005, converted to Macy's same year)
• New Haven-Waterbury MSA/Waterbury - Brass Mill Center (opened 1997, converted to Macy's 2005) 161,744 square feet (15,027 m²)
• New London MSA/Waterford - Crystal Mall (opened 1984, closed 2005) 90,000 square feet (8,000 m²)
• Stamford - Stamford Town Center-Opened 1982 as JCPenny, Converted to Filene's 1995, closed/demolished for mall expansion 2005.

[edit] Massachusetts

• Auburn - Auburn Mall (2 locations) (opened 1997, both locations converted to Macy's 2005) one 165,000 sq ft (15,300 m²)., home store 87,500 sq ft (8,130 m²).
• Belmont - Belmont Center (freestanding) (expanded 1978, converted to Macy's 2005) 71,000 square feet (6,600 m²)
• Boston - Downtown Crossing (flagship) (opened 1890, closed 2005 in favor of adjoining Macy's store) 656,000 square feet (60,900 m²)
• Braintree - South Shore Plaza(opened 1961, converted to Macy's 2005) 227,000 square feet (21,100 m²)
• Brockton - Westgate Mall (opened 2003, converted to Macy's 2005) 140,000 square feet (13,000 m²)
• Burlington - Burlington Mall (opened 1968, closed 2005, location to be redeveloped for Nordstrom opening 2008) 182,000 square feet (16,900 m²)
• Cambridge - CambridgeSide Galleria (2 locations) (opened 1990, converted to Macy's 2005) 122,445 sq ft (11,376 m²).
• Dartmouth - Dartmouth Mall (opened 2004, converted to Macy's 2005) 140,000 square feet (13,000 m²)
• Hanover - Hanover Mall (opened 1972, converted to Macy's 2005) from 75,000 square feet (7,000 m²) to 101,664 square feet (9,445 m²)
• Holyoke - Holyoke Mall at Ingleside (opened 1982 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, replaced 1995, converted to Macy's 2005) 200,000 sq ft (20,000 m²).
• Hyannis - Cape Cod Mall (opened 1970, Macy's 2005) 80,000 square feet (7,000 m²)
• Hyannis - Capetown Plaza Home Store (opened 1999, closed 2005)
• Kingston - Independence Mall (opened 1989, converted to Macy's 2005)
• Lanesborough - Berkshire Mall (opened 1994 in former Steiger's location, converted to Macy's 2005) 111,000 square feet (10,300 m²)
• Leominster - The Mall at Whitney Field (formerly Searstown Mall) (opened 2002, converted to Macy's 2005) 140,000 sq ft (13,000 m²).
• Marlborough - Solomon Pond Mall (opened 1996, converted to Macy's 2005) 180,000 square feet (17,000 m²)
• Natick - Natick Mall (opened 1965, location reopened as JCPenney) new one 210,000 square feet (20,000 m²)
• Newton - The Mall at Chestnut Hill (opened 1974, closed 2005, reopened as Bloomingdale's 11/2006) 180,000 square feet (17,000 m²)
• North Attleborough - Emerald Square (2 locations) (opened 1989, home store opened 2005, both locations converted to Macy's 9/2006) main store 184,932 sq ft (17,181 m²)., home store 120,838 sq ft (11,226 m²).
• Peabody - Northshore Mall (opened 1959, replaced 1993, became Macy's 2005) new one 200,000 square feet (20,000 m²)
• Saugus - Square One Mall (opened 1994, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 179,117 sq ft (16,641 m²).
• Taunton - Silver City Galleria (opened 1992, converted to Macy's 9/9/2006) 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m²).
• Springfield - Eastfield Mall (opened 1994 in former Steiger's location, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 117,000 sq ft (10,900 m²).
• Wellesley, Massachusetts - (freestanding location) (closed 1992) 37,000 square feet (3,400 m²), smallest one ever in the chain
• Winchester, Massachusetts Closed 1968
• Worcester - Worcester Common Outlets (opened in 1929, closed 1993)

[edit] Maine

• Bangor - Bangor Mall (opened 1998, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 120,000 square feet (11,000 m²)
• Portland MSA/South Portland - The Maine Mall (2 locations) (opened 1983, men's store opened 1995, both locations closed 3/2006) main store 130,000 square feet (12,000 m²)

[edit] New Hampshire

• Manchester - Mall of New Hampshire (opened 1977, replaced 1996, converted to Macy's 9/2006) old one 60,000 square feet (6,000 m²), new one 160,000 square feet (15,000 m²)
• Nashua - Pheasant Lane Mall (opened 1993, converted to Macy's 5/2006) 150,000 square feet (14,000 m²)
• Newington - Fox Run Mall (opened 1983, converted to second Macy's 9/2006) 59,919 square feet (5,567 m²)
• Salem - The Mall at Rockingham Park (opened 1991, converted to Macy's 5/2006) 180,000 square feet (17,000 m²)

[edit] New York

• Albany-Schenectady MSA/Albany - Crossgates Mall (opened 1985(for a time, was supposed to become G. Fox), replaced 1994 with newer store, became Macy's 5/2006) current one 200,000 square feet (20,000 m²)
• Albany-Schenectady MSA/Rotterdam - Rotterdam Square (opened 1995 in former Hess's location, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 120,000 square feet (11,000 m²)
• Poughkeepsie-Middletown MSA/Kingston - Hudson Valley Mall (opened 1995 in former Hess's location, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 125,000 square feet (11,600 m²)
• Poughkeepsie-Middletown MSA/Middletown - Galleria at Crystal Run (opened 1992 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 150,741 square feet (14,004 m²)
• Poughkeepsie-Middletown MSA/Poughkeepsie - Poughkeepsie Galleria (opened 1987 as G. Fox, became Filene's 1993, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 165,000 square feet (15,300 m²)
• New York MSA/West Nyack, Rockland County - Palisades Center (opened 1998, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 202,000 sq ft (18,800 m²).

[edit] Rhode Island

• Providence - Providence Place (opened 1999, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 200,000 square feet (20,000 m²)
• Warwick - Warwick Mall (opened 1970, converted to Macy's 5/2006) from 135,000 to 180,000 square feet (17,000 m²)
• [Warwick, Rhode Island]-[Rhode Island Mall] (Converted from G. Fox in 1990, closed in 1993 to consolidate as the Warwick Mall across the street already had a larger store.)

[edit] Vermont

• Burlington - Burlington Town Center (opened 1999, converted to Macy's 9/2006) 146,754 sq ft (13,634 m²).

[edit] References

1. ^ Jacobs, Meg (2004). Pocketbook Politics: Economic Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.