Doggystyle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the Snoop Doggy Dogg album. For the pornographic DVD of him, see Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle. For the sexual position, see Doggy style.
Doggystyle
Doggystyle cover
Studio album by Snoop Dogg
Released November 23, 1993
Recorded 1993
Genre West Coast hip hop, G-funk, gangsta rap
Length 53:24
Label Death Row, Interscope, Atlantic
Producer Dr. Dre, Daz Dillinger
Professional reviews
Snoop Dogg chronology
— Doggystyle
(1993)		 Murder Was The Case Soundtrack
(1994)
Singles from Doggystyle
  1. "Who Am I (What's My Name)?"
    Released: 1993
  2. "Gin and Juice"
    Released: 1994
  3. "Doggy Dogg World"
    Released: 1994

Doggystyle is the 1993 debut album by West Coast hip hop artist Snoop Dogg, released by independent record label Death Row. It was recorded soon after the release of Dr. Dre's debut solo album, The Chronic. Snoop Dogg featured prominently on Dr. Dre's album, and some of its musical stylizations were repeated on Doggystyle.[1] While recording the album, Snoop Dogg was arrested in connection with Phillip Woldermarian's death; he was acquitted in 1996.

The record is regarded by many critics as one of the most significant albums of the 1990s, and one of the most important hip hop albums released to date.[2] Both Doggystyle and The Chronic's distinctive sounds helped introduce G-funk to a mainstream audience, bringing forward West Coast hip hop as a dominant force in early 1990s hip hop.[1][3] As of 2008, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has certified Doggystyle four times platinum, which makes it Snoop Dogg's highest-selling album. The record debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, and sold 802,858 copies in its first week; by 2003 it had sold seven million.[4] It retains the highest U.S. debut album chart entry for any artist.

Critics have praised Snoop Dogg for the lyrical "realism" he delivers on the album and for his distinctive vocal flow.[1][5] Doggystyle is viewed by many critics and fans as a "hip hop classic" and is included in The Source magazine's 100 Best Rap Albums, as well as Rolling Stone magazine's list of Essential Recordings of the 90s.[2]

Contents

[edit] Background

[edit] History and concept

Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992, through his vocal contributions on Dre's The Chronic. That album is considered to have "transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap" by its development of what later became known as the "G-funk" sound.[3] The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity, violent lyrics, basic beats, anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970's P-Funk records.[3] Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre's solo single, "Deep Cover", which lead to a high degree of anticipation amongst hip hop for the release of his own solo album.[5]

Doggystyle and The Chronic are associated with each other mainly because each prominently featured Snoop Dogg and because both contain G-funk style production from Dr. Dre. The two releases are linked by the high number of vocal contributions from Death Row Records artists, including Tha Dogg Pound, RBX and The Lady of Rage,[6] while both contain a high density misogynistic lyrics and profanity in their lyrics.[7] In addition, the two albums are each viewed by critics as early "G-funk classics", and have been described as "joined at the hip".[1][7]

Gangsta rap has been criticized for its extreme lyrics, which are often accused of glamorizing gang violence and black-on-black crime. The Gangsta rappers responded that they were simply describing the realities of life in places such as Compton, California, and Long Beach, California.[8] Describing Doggystyle in 1993, Snoop Dogg likewise points to the album's realism, and the extent to which it is based on his personal experience. He said, "I can't rap about something I don't know. You'll never hear me rapping about no bachelor's degree. It's only what I know and that's that street life. It's all everyday life, reality."[9]

Explaining his intentions, Snoop Dogg claims he feels he is a role model to many young black men, and that his songs are designed to relate to their concerns. "For little kids growing up in the ghettos," he said, "it's easy to get into the wrong types of things, especially gangbanging and selling drugs. I've seen what that was like, and I don't glorify it, but I don't preach. I bring it to them rather than have them go find out about it for themselves."[9] He further explained his "dream" he would pursue after making the album: "I'm going to try to eliminate the gang violence. I'll be on a mission for peace. I know I have a lot of power. I know if I say, 'Don't kill,' niggas won't kill".[9]

[edit] Recording

Doggystyle was recorded in early 1993 at Death Row Studios. It was produced in a style similar to The Chronic; some critics called it a "carbon copy".[5] Snoop Dogg collaborated with two music groups, 213 and Tha Dogg Pound. Daz Dillinger, of the latter group, accused Dr. Dre of taking sole recognition for the songs and alleged he and Warren G were uncredited on many tracks.[10] Snoop Dogg said Dr. Dre was capable of making beats without the help of collaborators and addressed the issues with Warren G and Daz, stating "They made beats, Dre produced that record". He discussed the track "Ain't No Fun", mentioning that Daz and Warren G brought Dr. Dre the beat but "Dre took that muthafucka to the next level!"[11]

Bruce Williams, closely affiliated with Dr. Dre, discussed the recording process during Dre's time at Death Row Records:

Dre’s going to be the first one in the studio and the last one to leave. He’ll start messing with a beat. As the beat starts pumping, the guys start filtering in. Everybody will get their little drink and smoke in. Soon enough the beat starts to make a presence. You’ll look around the room and every cat that was a rapper – from Kurupt to Daz to Snoop – will grab a pen. They would start writing while Dre is making a beat so by the time he’s finished with the beat, they are ready to hit the booth and start spittin'. To see those young cats – they were all hungry and wanted to make something dope. The atmosphere that was there, you couldn’t be wack.[12]

Williams said the album was never finished and because of the demand for the record, the distributors insisted the album be completed, otherwise they would cancel the album's orders. This resulted in Dr. Dre mixing the album and inserting the skits within 48 hours, which enabled the album to be released.[12]

Rolling Stone writer Jonathan Gold described how Dr. Dre produced a beat from scratch to complete instrumental: "Dre may find something he likes from an old drum break, loop it and gradually replace each part with a better tom-tom sound, a kick-drum sound he adores, until the beat bears the same relationship to the original that the Incredible Hulk does to Bill Bixby".[13] Gold also described how the track progressed with other musicians adding to the song:

A bass player wanders in, unpacks his instrument and pops a funky two-note bass line over the beat, then leaves to watch CNN, though his two notes keep looping into infinity. A smiling guy in a striped jersey plays a nasty one-fingered melody on an old Mini-Moog synthesizer that's been obsolete since 1982, and Dre scratches in a sort of surfadelic munching noise, and then from his well-stocked Akai MPC60 sample comes a shriek, a spare piano chord, an ejaculation from the first Beastie's record -- "Let me clear my throat" -- and the many-layered groove is happening, bumping, breathing, almost loud enough to see.[13]

While recording Doggystyle with Dr. Dre in August 1993, Snoop Dogg was arrested in connection with the death of Phillip Woldermarian, a member of a rival gang who was shot and killed in a gang fight. According to the charges, the rapper's bodyguard, McKinley Lee, shot Woldermarian as Snoop Dogg drove the vehicle; the rapper claimed it was self-defense, alleging the victim was stalking Snoop Dogg. He spent most of 1995 preparing the case which went to trial in late 1995. He was cleared of all charges in February 1996 when he began work on his second album, Tha Doggfather.[5]

[edit] Cover art

The album's title alludes to the Doggy style sex position and is a reference to the musician's name. The artwork represents the themes covered in the album and the style of implementation of those ideas. The artwork portrays a woman merely as a hole to be filled by the man, which adheres to the narcissistic and sexist lyrical themes Snoop Dogg covers.[14] The cover art and lyrics convey the self-indulgent "gangsta" lifestyle, drugs, cars, sex, and money.[14] The artwork uses several quotes from the 1982 George Clinton single "Atomic Dog". The quotes come from the dogs at the top of the brick wall on the album cover, which say, "Why must I feel like that?", "Why must I chase the cat?" and "Nothin' but the dog in me".[15]

[edit] Music

[edit] Production

Dre's handling of the production was praised by critics. Allmusic writer Stephen Erlewine stated: "Dre realized that it wasn't time to push the limits of G-funk, and instead decided to deepen it musically, creating easy-rolling productions that have more layers than they appear". He added that the beats were "laid-back funky, continuing to resonate after many listens".[1] Rolling Stone writer Touré noted "The Chronic's slow, heavy beats were a sonic representation of angry depression as accurate as Cobain's feedback blasts; Doggystyle is leaner, with its high-tempo Isaac Hayes- and Curtis Mayfield-derived tracks". He went on to say that "Most of Dre's hooks and nearly all his beats refuse to linger, as if the songs themselves are nervous, fearful of exposure, restless to get offscreen."[16] Entertainment Weekly magazine's David Browne mentioned that "The mix of samples and live music on Dre's latest, The Chronic, gave it texture and depth, and he continues his knob-turning growth on Doggystyle, fluidly weaving together a gaggle of background singers and rappers, quirky samples, his trademark horror-flick keyboard lines".[17] The Source wrote: "Dre's brand of G-funk may be common now, but it is still painstakingly well-produced".[6]

[edit] Lyrics

Snoop Dogg's lyrics were generally praised by critics, although they caused some controversy. He was acclaimed for the realism in his rhymes and his harmonious flow.[1][5] Allmusic's Stephen Erlewine commended Snoop Dogg, saying: "he's one of hip-hop's greatest vocal stylists with this record" and he "takes his time, playing with the flow of his words, giving his rhymes a nearly melodic eloquence. Snoop is something special, with unpredictable turns of phrase, evocative imagery, and a distinctive, addictive flow".[1] Time magazine's Christopher John Farley noted "Snoop's rapping isn't flashy, but it is catchy" and stated "His relaxed vocal style is a perfect match for Dre's bass-heavy producing. Snoop's voice is lithe enough to snake its way around the big beats".[18]

The ideas put forward through the lyrics include Snoop Dogg's adolescent urges, as he freely talks of casual sex, smoking marijuana and gunning down rival gang members. Time magazine remarked that the notions "are often unnecessarily graphic; at some points they're downright obscene" and that "the album would have been stronger if such misgivings about the criminal life, as well as Snoop's touches of introspection, had been applied to some of the cruder songs".[18] The album also covered gun play, drug dealing and pimping. The New York Times said that the lyrical concepts were delivered in "crudest, rudest terms".[19]

Some critics said Snoop Dogg was "obsessed with being a 'G', a gangster, a lawbreaker who smokes dope and kills with impunity" and that his lyrics depict the Black-On-Black crime in the inner-cities.[14] The lyrics involve many derogatory terms against woman, with expressions such as "Bitches" and "Ho's" being used throughout, which illustrates the feeling of sexism and oppression within the African-American community.[14] In certain tracks Snoop Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound casually speak of gang rape, showing the demeaning of women.[20] Snoop Dogg's lyrics depict drugs, alcohol, sex, and money as methods of escape from oppression, but they also show an underside of the "gangsta" lifestyle and the results of following this lifestyle.[14] The lyrics violent representations, including murder and aggressive behaviour, have also generated controversy. C. DeLores Tucker of the National Political Congress of Black Women named gangsta rap "a profane and obscene glorification of murder and rape", which can be attributed to Doggstyle.[20]

[edit] Songs

[edit] Content

The album had three singles: "Who Am I (What's My Name)?", "Gin and Juice" and "Doggy Dogg World". "Lodi Dodi" and "Murder Was the Case" were not official singles, but they received radio airplay and charted in Rhythmic Top 40.[21] An 18 minute music video was shot for the latter of the two songs, with an accompanying Murder Was the Case soundtrack.[22] The video won the 1995 Video of the Year award at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards. "Gin and Juice" was nominated at the 1995 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Solo Performance. Guests on the album include Dr. Dre, Warren G, Nate Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound.

[edit] Singles

 Music samples:

"Who Am I (What's My Name)?"

This shows Snoop Dogg's original rhyming style and flow. It also displays his early work with Dre and his technique on G-Funk production.
Problems listening to the file? See media help.

"Who Am I (What's My Name)?" was the first single released from the album on November 30, 1993. It peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and reached number one on the Hot Rap Singles. The RIAA certified it Gold on February 8, 1994.[23] It reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart in 1994 and re-entered the chart in 2004, reaching number 100.[24][25]

"Gin and Juice" was the second single released on January 15, 1994. Like the previous single, it was a hit on multiple charts. It reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100, number 13 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, number one on Hot Rap Singles, and number 39 on the UK Singles Chart.[21][24] The RIAA certified it Gold on April 6, 1994.[23] The song was nominated at the 1995 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Solo Performance, but lost to Queen Latifah's "U.N.I.T.Y.".

"Doggy Dogg World" was released as an Europe-only single during June 1994. Even though the single was not officially released in the U.S., it received some radio airplay which resulted in position 19 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart.[21] A music video was produced for the single, which gained American video TV-play and won the 1994 MTV Video Music Award for Best Rap Video. It reached number 32 on the UK Singles Chart.[24]

[edit] Other tracks

A bonus track, "Gz Up, Hoes Down", was included in the album's first pressing, but not in later versions because of sample clearance issues. Snoop Dogg could not gain the rights to use the beats because the record company were not willing to pay the compensation charges for using the samples.[26] "Tha Next Episode" was listed on the cover, but not included in any pressing. It is considered the original material used for the 2000 Dr. Dre single "The Next Episode" but bears no resemblance to the later song. It was 4 minutes and 36 seconds (4:36) long.[27] "Tha Next Episode" was later released on the Dr. Dre mixtape Pretox under the name "Chronic Unreleased Studio Session", but only 1 minute 10 seconds long. "Doggystyle" featuring George Clinton was a 5 minute 26 second long outtake from the album sessions. It is a singing melody with vocals dominating the song.[27]

[edit] Reception

[edit] Critical

Doggystyle was generally praised by critics. Rolling Stone writer Touré mentioned "Doggystyle is filled with verbal and vocal feats that meet its high expectations. It speeds through 55 minutes of constant talk as if on a suicide hot line".[16] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly noted "It is the most limber, low-rider gangsta album to date" and went on to say "Doggystyle is a grim, bleak-faced record. It's set in a dead-end, no-tomorrow world of cheap thrills".[17] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic stated "Doggystyle and The Chronic stand proudly together as the twin pinnacles of West Coast G-funk hip-hop of the early '90s"[1] Stylus magazine presented "The Chronic vs. Doggystyle" article, and stated a strong point of Doggystyle compared to Dre's album was its follow-up singles and that "some of the album tracks are more famous than the singles".[7] Vibe magazine expressed that "Snoop is no ordinary gangsta; that's impossible for an artist this playful. On his debut, with Dre riding shotgun anthems abound as often as gin-soaked debauchery".[28] The Source said Snoop Dogg emerged as a rapper who lived up to all the advance hype which came from his work on The Chronic, and discussed songs on the record, stating "If 'Murder Was The Case' is a stroke of near genius, then 'Lodi Dodi' is an example of total genius."[6] NME magazine called the lead single "a pinnacle he conquered effortlessly" and went on to name the record a "benchmark album".[29] A number of the album's tracks have been covered and sampled by other artists including Hot Rod Circuit's cover of "Gin and Juice" and PirapeProductionz sample of both "Serial Killa" and "Tha Shiznit".

The album also received criticism. Erlewine mentioned the album did not "surprise or offer anything that wasn't already on The Chronic".[1] Christopher John Farley noted Snoop Dogg had little examination over his emotions and feelings.[18] David Browne spoke of "Ain't No Fun", stating it was an example of how "musically artful, yet lyrically repellent, this album can be" and went on to say "It's easy to be impressed one moment and appalled the next".[17]

[edit] Commercial

The album has sold over five million copies in the United States and over seven million worldwide.[30] It was certified four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on May 31, 1994.[31] It is Snoop Dogg's most successful album; his following albums were certified single- or double-platinum.[32] Doggystyle first appeared on music charts in 1993, peaking on the Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums at number one.[33] It re-peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 in January 1994, when it was already certified three times platinum by the RIAA.[34] The record was mildly successful in Europe, reaching number 18 in Sweden, number 24 in the Czech Republic and number 35 in Austria. It also peaked at number 25 on the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand album chart.[35] At the end of 1994, the album was number three on the Billboard Year-End Top Albums Chart and number one on the Billboard Year-End Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart.[36][37] It re-entered the charts in 2003, peaking on the Ireland Albums Top 75 at number 70.[38]

[edit] Cultural impact

[edit] Hip hop

Doggystyle is seen by many hip hop pundits as a "classic" and an "essential" album.[39] It is credited with defining West Coast hip hop; shifting the emphasis to more melodious, synth-driven, and funk-induced beats. About.com stated during the period the album was released, "Gangsta rap never sounded so sweet", and attributed the album with inspiring several West Coast emcees to gain more recognition within the media and hip hop community.[39] Artists such as Warren G, Tha Dogg Pound and DJ Quik have employed the styles and techniques used on the album. The Wu-Tang Clan, Nas and Mobb Deep are recognized for their contributions to the East Coast hip hop renaissance after the dominance of California gangsta rap, and were noted for focusing on drugs and violence, issues originally developed in music by Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre.[40] Snoop Dogg has been noted for introducing a slurred "lazy drawl" that sacrificed lyrical complexity for clarity and rhythmic cadence on Doggystyle and The Chronic.[1][5] The album is considered as one of the first G-funk albums which many rappers duplicated in later years.[1]

[edit] Black culture

It has been suggested by some publications that Doggystyle has considerably affected African American culture. Some publications have held the rap genre responsible for problems such as sexual violence and sexism, which has been blamed on Snoop Dogg and other rappers calling their controversial lyrics "keeping it real".[41] The problems of sexual violence and sexism are attributed to lyrics degrading women such as "bitches" and "ho's", which some believe has influenced black males.[14][42] Snoop Dogg and other hip hop artists, including N.W.A, The Wu-Tang Clan and Tupac Shakur, have been held accountable for developing gangsta rap; a genre which articulated the rage of the urban underclass and its sense of intense oppression and defiant rebellion,[14] which has been attained through the ability to communicate free of censorship, which has allowed hip hop culture to become a dominant style and ethos throughout the world.[14] The writers of Enculturation, Steven Best and Douglas Kellner, have noted that Snoop Dogg and other rappers only condemn violence when it is directed against them, otherwise "they celebrate it, internalize it, and embrace it as an ethos and means of self expression", which some believe has an effect on the black-on-black crime.[14] The release of music videos from Doggystyle and The Chronic have enabled the artists to add visual illustrations to their lyrics, which generally involve Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg driving around South Central, Los Angeles in a lowrider, a vehicle with low suspension. This imagery of the "gangsta lifestyle" is thought to have influenced young black males into trying to live the same lifestyle and it is also noted by T. Denean, writer of Pimps Up, Ho's Down: Hip Hop's Hold on Young Black Women, that the videos highlight the representation of class, race and Black masculinity within contemporary urban America.[43] It has also been declared by Todd Boyd, writer of Am I Black Enough for You?: Popular Culture from the 'hood and Beyond, that "this gangsta ethos functions as 'the lived experience of coping with a life of horrifying meaninglessness, hopelessness, and lovelessness'. The frightening result is a numbing detachment from others and a self-destructive disposition toward the world".[44]

[edit] Subsequent Snoop Dogg albums

Doggystyle is generally considered Snoop Dogg's best record, in addition to being his highest charting and best selling album.[33][30][5] It differs from following albums as his recent records were produced by multiple individuals such as The Neptunes, Timbaland and Daz Dillinger, with reduced input from Dr. Dre, which shows a shift from the G-funk production.[5] Snoop Dogg's follow-up album, Tha Doggfather, did not involve Dr. Dre since he left Death Row Records; as a result, Dillinger was the main beat-maker for the album. Tha Doggfather followed the methods of a G-funk record and initially sold well, but received mixed reviews and failed to produce a hit single.[5] In 1998, Snoop Dogg left Death Row Records and joined No Limit Records, changing his stage name from Snoop Doggy Dogg to Snoop Dogg. During his time at No Limit, he continued many themes from Doggystyle with follow-ups to earlier songs, such as "Gin & Juice II" and "Snoop Dogg (What's My Name II)". Albums such as Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss (2002) and R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece (2004) featured a more pop-oriented theme with new sounds but remained "hardcore throughout" and featured "plenty of street and commercial appeal".[45] They included two hit singles, "Beautiful", "Drop It Like It's Hot" and "Signs". Snoop Dogg was credited for returning to his G-funk roots in 2006, which was established with his eighth studio album, Tha Blue Carpet Treatment (2006), noted for being a "hard and very G-Funk record".[5]

[edit] Accolades

The information regarding accolades attributed to Doggystyle is adapted from AcclaimedMusic.net.[2]

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
About.com United States 10 Essential Hip-Hop Albums[39] 2006 10
Blender U.S. 500 CDs You Must Own Before You Die[2] 2003 *
Ego Trip U.S. Hip Hop's 25 Greatest Albums by Year 1980-98[2] 1999 3
Pause & Play U.S. Albums Inducted into a Time Capsule, One Album per Week[2] - *
Pause & Play U.S. The 90s Top 100 Essential Albums[2] 1999 11
Rolling Stone U.S. The Essential Recordings of the 90s[2] 1999 *
Rolling Stone (Chris Rock) U.S. Top 25 Hip Hop Albums Ever[2] 2005 2
Stylus U.S. Top 200 Albums of All time[2] 2004 115
The Source U.S. The 100 Best Rap Albums[2] 1998 *
The New Nation United Kingdom Top 100 Albums by Black Artists[2] - 30
Robert Dimery - 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[2] 2005 *

(*) designates lists that are unordered.

[edit] Track listing

# Title Producer(s) Featured guest(s)
1 "Bathtub" Dr. Dre Warren G
2 "G-Funk Intro" Dr. Dre The Lady of Rage; Dr. Dre; George Clinton
3 "Gin And Juice" Dr. Dre Daz Dillinger
4 "Tha Shiznit" Dr. Dre
5 "Lodi Dodi" Dr. Dre Nanci Fletcher
6 "Murder Was The Case" Dr. Dre Daz Dillinger
7 "Serial Killa" Dr. Dre; Daz Dillinger Kurupt; RBX; The D.O.C.; Daz Dillinger
8 "Who Am I (What's My Name)?" Dr. Dre Dr. Dre; Jewell
9 "For All My Niggaz & Bitches" Dr. Dre; Daz Dillinger Kurupt; The Lady of Rage; Daz Dillinger
10 "Ain't No Fun (If The Homies Can't Have None)" Dr. Dre Nate Dogg; Kurupt; Warren G
11 "Doggy Dogg World" Dr. Dre Kurupt; Daz Dillinger; The Dramatics
12 "Gz And Hustlas" Dr. Dre
13 "Pump Pump" Dr. Dre Mr. Malik

[edit] Personnel

  • The Dramatics – performer
  • Chris "The Glove" Taylor – songwriter, producer, mixing
  • Suge Knight – executive producer
  • Bernie Grundman – mastering
  • Chicu Modu – photography
  • Nanci Fletcher – vocals, vocals (background)
  • Dan Winters – photography
  • Kimberly Holt – artwork
  • Kimberly Brown – project coordinator
  • Joe Cool – cover artwork

[edit] Charts

Charts Peak
position
Austrian album chart[38] 35
Czech Album Chart[38] 24
Ireland Albums Top 75[38] 70
New Zealand Albums Chart[46] 25
Swedish Album Chart[35] 18
U.S. Billboard 200[33] 1

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Stephen Thomas Erlewine. Doggystyle > Overview. Allmusic. Accessed April 19, 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Snoop Doggy Dogg - Doggystyle". AcclaimedMusic.net. Accessed May 20, 2008.
  3. ^ a b c Steve Huey. The Chronic > Overview. Allmusic. Accessed May 17, 2008.
  4. ^ Lynette Holloway (February 17, 2003). Rapper 50 Cent Has Top-Selling First Album. The New York Times. Accessed April 23, 2008.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stephen Thomas Erlewine. Snoop Dogg > Biography. Allmusic. Accessed April 21, 2008.
  6. ^ a b c Reginald C. Dennis. Doggystyle Review. The Source. Accessed May 16, 2008.
  7. ^ a b c The Chronic vs. Doggystyle. Stylus. Accessed May 20, 2008.
  8. ^ Alex Henderson. Straight Outta Compton > Overview. Allmusic. Accessed May 10, 2008.
  9. ^ a b c Touré (November 21, 1993). Pop Music; Snoop Dogg's Gentle Hip-Hop Growl. The New York Times. Accessed April 21, 2008.
  10. ^ Tha Dogg Pound. (2005). DPG Eulogy [DVD]. Innovative Distribution Network. Accessed April 27, 2008.
  11. ^ Snoop Dogg Interview Part 4 (July 2006). DubCNN. Accessed April 27, 2008.
  12. ^ a b Andreas Hale (May 21, 2008). Bruce Williams: The REAL Doctor's Advocate Pt 1. HipHopDX. Accessed May 26, 2008.
  13. ^ a b Jonathan Gold (September 30, 1993). Day of the Dre. Rolling Stone. Accessed May 27, 2008.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i Steven Best & Douglas Kellner. Rap, Black Rage, and Racial Difference. Enculturation, Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring 1999. Accessed May 27, 2008.
  15. ^ George Clinton's Atomic Dog Lyrics. MTV Networks. Accessed June 4, 2008.
  16. ^ a b Touré (January 24, 1994). Doggystyle Review. Rolling Stone. Accessed April 19, 2008.
  17. ^ a b c David Browne (December 10, 1993). Music Review - Doggystyle (1993). Entertainment Weekly. Accessed April 19, 2008.
  18. ^ a b c Christopher John Farley (November 29, 1993). Gangsta Rap, Doggystyle. Time. Accessed April 19, 2008.
  19. ^ Jon Pareles (October 31, 1995). Critic's Notebook; Rappers Making Notoriety Pay Off. The New York Times. Accessed April 19, 2008.
  20. ^ a b Edward G. Armstrong. Gangsta Misogyny: A Content Analysis Of The Portrayals Of Violence Against Women In Rap Music. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, Vol. 8, Issue 2 (2001) pp. 96–126. Accessed May 27, 2008.
  21. ^ a b c Doggystyle - Billboard Singles. Allmusic. Accessed April 19, 2008.
  22. ^ David Browne (February 3, 1995). Murder Was the Case: The Movie. Entertainment Weekly. Accessed June 4, 2008.
  23. ^ a b RIAA Searchable database - Snoop Dogg Singles. Recording Industry Association of America. Accessed April 19, 2008.
  24. ^ a b c UK Top 40 Hit Database. everyHit.com. Accessed April 20, 2008. Note: User must define search parameters, i.e. "Snoop Dogg".
  25. ^ UK Single Charts. ChartsPlus. Accessed April 19, 2008.
  26. ^ Snoop Dogg Lyrics, Pictures, Albums and more. Snoop-Dogg.com. Accessed April 20, 2008.
  27. ^ a b Album Analysis. DubCNN.com. Accessed April 20, 2008.
  28. ^ Vibe 150: West Coast. Vibe. Accessed May 20, 2008.
  29. ^ Da Game Is To Be Sold, Not To Be Told Review. NME. Accessed May 20, 2008.
  30. ^ a b Jon Pareles (November 26, 1996). Machismo In Rap Atop The Charts The New York Times. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  31. ^ RIAA Searchable database - Doggystyle. Recording Industry Association of America. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  32. ^ RIAA Searchable database - Snoop Dogg. Recording Industry Association of America. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  33. ^ a b c Snoop Dogg - Charts and Awards. Allmusic. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  34. ^ Bruce Haring (February 2, 1994). Albums chart course to blockbuster sales. Variety. Accessed June 5, 2008.
  35. ^ a b Snoop Doggy Dogg - Doggystyle. SwedishCharts. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  36. ^ The Billboard 200 1994. Billboard. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  37. ^ Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums 1994. Billboard. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  38. ^ a b c d Snoop Dogg - Doggystyle Chart Positions. aCharts. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  39. ^ a b c 10 Essential Hip-Hop Albums. About. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  40. ^ Adam Heimlich. 2002. Hiphop's Year One: Nas, Mobb Deep and Wu-Tang Clan Face 9/11 (Online Article Column). The New York Press: Volume 15, Issue 4. Accessed May 4, 2008.
  41. ^ T. Denean. (2007). Pimps Up, Ho's Down: Hip Hop's Hold on Young Black Women. pp. 12–15. New York: NYU Press. ISBN 0814740146.
  42. ^ Kevern Verney. (2003). African Americans and US Popular Culture . pp. 96–97. Routledge. ISBN 041527527X
  43. ^ Todd Boyd. (1997). Am I Black Enough for You?: Popular Culture from the 'hood and Beyond. pp. 80–81. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253211050.
  44. ^ Todd Boyd. (1997). Am I Black Enough for You?: Popular Culture from the 'hood and Beyond. pp. 63. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253211050.
  45. ^ David Jeffries. R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece > Overview. Allmusic. Accessed May 11, 2008.
  46. ^ Official NZ Music Chart & Chartbitz - Nov. 29 2006. Scoop. Accessed April 16, 2008.
Preceded by
Vs. by Pearl Jam		 Billboard 200 number-one album
December 11 – December 24, 1993
January 15 – January 21, 1994		 Succeeded by
Music Box by Mariah Carey
v • d • e
Snoop Dogg
Albums
Singles
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