Cynareae
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 Cynara scolymus flower head
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Cardueae Cassini, 1819 |
The Cynareae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae. Most of them are commonly known as thistles[2]; four of the best known genera are Carduus,[3] Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium[3], and Onopordum[3].
They are annual or perennial herbs, frequently thorny (leaves and involucre with thorns); sometimes they have laticifers or resins conduits. Almost 80 genera with 2500 species are assigned to this tribe,[4] native of tempered regions of Europe and Asia (specially of the Mediterranean region and Minor Asia), some of Australia and tropical Africa; few genus have native species of America.[5]
[edit] Taxonomy
Cardueae is a synonym for Cynareae,[6] but the name Cynareae was published almost a decade earlier and so has precedence.
Some authors starting in 1977 have divided the plants traditionally held to be in this tribe into three tribes (Cynareae in the narrow sense, Carlineae, and Echinopeae). However, other authors have retained the traditional broader classification.[6]
[edit] References
- ^ Panero, JL; VA Funk (2002-12-30). "Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)" ([dead link] – Scholar search). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 115 (4): 909–922. Biological Society of Washington.
- ^ Cardueae (“thistles”). BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK). Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ^ a b c thistle. Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ^ Dittrich, 1977 The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae 2:1017-1038
- ^ Bremer 1994 Asteraceae: Cladistic and Classification [Tribe Carduae: 112-156]
- ^ a b tribe Cynareae. Flora of North America. Retrieved on 2008-01-04.
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