Congenital rubella syndrome

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Congenital rubella syndrome Classification and external resources
Cataracts due to congenital rubella syndrome
ICD-10	P35.0
ICD-9	771.0
DiseasesDB	11729
MedlinePlus	001658
eMedicine	emerg/388
MeSH	D012410

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted rubella during her first trimester. If infection occurs 0-28 days before conception, there is a 43% chance the infant will be affected. If the infection occurs 0-12 weeks after conception, there is a 51% chance the infant will be affected. If the infection occurs 13-26 weeks after conception there is a 23% chance the infant will be affected. Infants are not generally affected if rubella is contracted during the third trimester, or 26-40 weeks after conception. Problems rarely occur when rubella is contracted by the mother after 20 weeks of gestation. It was discovered in 1941 by Australian Norman McAllister Gregg (1892-1966).

[edit] Presentation

The classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome is:

• Sensorineural deafness - (58% of patients)
• Eye abnormalities - especially cataract and microphthalmia (43% of patients)
• Congenital heart disease - especially patent ductus arteriosus (50% of patients)

Other manifestations of CRS may include:

• spleen, liver or bone marrow problems (some of which may disappear shortly after birth)
• mental retardation
• small head size (microcephaly)
• eye defects
• low birth weight
• thrombocytopenic purpura (presents as a characteristic "blueberry muffin" rash)
• hepatomegaly
• micrognathia

Children who have been exposed to rubella in the womb should also be watched closely as they age for any indication of the following:

• developmental delay
• Schizophrenia^[1]
• growth retardation
• learning disabilities
• diabetes
• glaucoma

[edit] References

1. ^ Prenatal Infection as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia - Brown 32 (2): 200 - Schizophrenia Bulletin

[edit] External links

• Delayed effects of Congenital Rubella Syndrome
• DeafBlind.com
• Helen Keller National Center

v • d • e Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P, 760-779) Maternal factors and complications Umbilical cord prolapse - Nuchal cord - Chorioamnionitis Length of gestation and fetal growth Small for gestational age - Large for gestational age - Premature birth - Postmature birth Birth trauma Cephalhematoma - Brachial plexus lesion (Erb's palsy, Klumpke paralysis) Respiratory Intrauterine hypoxia - Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Transient tachypnea of the newborn - Meconium aspiration syndrome - pleural disease (Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum) - Wilson-Mikity syndrome - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Cardiovascular Pneumopericardium - Persistent fetal circulation Haemorrhagic and haematological/ hematologic disease Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn - Hemolytic disease of the newborn - Rh disease - Hydrops fetalis - Kernicterus - Neonatal jaundice Digestive system Ileus - Necrotizing enterocolitis Integument and temperature regulation Erythema toxicum Other disorders Periventricular leukomalacia - Gray baby syndrome - muscle tone (Congenital hypertonia, Congenital hypotonia) - Congenital rubella syndrome