Chinookan
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Chinookan refers to several groups of Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. In the early 19th century, the Chinookan peoples lived along the lower and middle Columbia River in present-day Oregon and Washington. The Chinookan tribes were those encountered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805 on the lower Columbia.
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[edit] Lifestyle
The Chinookan were not nomadic. At birth Chinookans would flatten some children's heads by applying pressure with a board, enabling, in turn, a social hierarchy that placed flat-headed community members above those with round heads. This ranking was inherited. Living near the coast of the Pacific Ocean, they were skilled whale hunters. Owing partly to their non-migratory living patterns, the Chinookan and other coastal tribes had relatively little conflict over land with one another.
[edit] Today
Some are currently engaged in a continuing effort to secure formal recognition of tribal status by the U.S. Federal government. The U.S. Department of Interior initially recognized the Chinookan as a tribe in 2001. Subsequently, the department first reconsidered and then, in 2002, revoked this status.[1]
[edit] Chinookan groups
Chinookan groups include:
- Cathlamet
- Cathlahmahs
- Chilluckittequaw
- Clatsop
- Chahcowah
- Clackamas
- Clowwewalla
- Cushook
- Echelut (Wishram-Wasco),
- Kilooklaniuck
- Multnomah
- Skillot
- Wahkikum (Wac-ki-cum)
- Wappato
- Wascopa
- Watlata (Cascade or Wishram).
Most surviving Chinookan natives live in the towns of Bay Center, Chinook, and Ilwaco in southwest Washington. Many books have been written about the Chinook, including, Boston Jane: an Adventure.
[edit] Famous Chinookans
- Chief Comcomly
- Charles Cultee, the principal informant employed by Franz Boas for his work published as Chinook Texts
- Ranald MacDonald, a half-Chinookan, born in Fort Astoria, Oregon, to Archibald McDonald, a Scottish Hudson's Bay Company fur trader, and Raven, chief Concomly's daughter, was the first American to teach English in Japan, in 1847-1848, including educating Einosuke Moriyama, one of the chief interpreters that would later handle the negotiations between Commodore Perry and the Tokugawa Shogunate
- Catherine Troeh, historian, artist, activist and advocate for Native American rights and culture. She was a member and elder of the Chinook tribe and a direct descendant of chief Comcomly
- Chief Tumulth, signed the treaty that created the Grand Ronde Reservation and was later killed by Gen. Philip Sheridan
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ For the 2001 recognition, see 66 Federal Register 1690 (2001) at [1]; for the subsequent reversal, see 67 Federal Register 46204 (2002) at [2]
- Judson, Katharine Berry (1912). Myths and legends of the Pacific Northwest, especially of Washington and Oregon (DJVU), Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection, 2nd, McClurg. OCLC 10363767. Oral traditions from the Chinook, Nez Perce, Klickitat and other tribes of the Pacific Northwest.
[edit] External links
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