Chinese compound surname
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A Chinese compound surname (simplified Chinese: 复姓; traditional Chinese: 複姓; pinyin: fùxìng; literally "double surname") is a Chinese surname using more than one character. Many of these surnames derive from noble and official titles, professions, place names and other areas, to serve for a purpose. Some are originally non-Chinese, while others were created by joining two one-character family names. Only a few of these names (e.g. Ouyang, Shangguan, Sima, Situ) survive in modern times. Many clans eventually took on a single-character surname for various reasons. A small minority of Koreans and Vietnamese also have compound surnames.
[edit] Compound surnames
(listed alphabetically by their Mandarin pinyin spellings)
| Chinese characters | Meaning/Origin | Non-Han origin | Mandarin (Pinyin) |
Cantonese (Hong Kong) |
Vietnamese | Korean | Notable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愛新覺羅 (爱新觉罗) | Gold | Manchurian | Àixīnjuéluó (Aisin Gioro) | Ngoi San Gok Lo | Ái Tân Giác La | Ae Sin Gak Ra (애신각라) | Shunzhi Emperor |
| 阿史那 | Turkic? | Āshǐnà | A Si Na | A Sa Na (아사나) | Empress Ashina | ||
| 百里 | Hundred li | Bǎilǐ | Baak Lei | Bách Lý | Baek Ri (백리) | Baili Xi | |
| 孛兒只斤 (孛儿只斤) | Mongol | Bó'érzhījīn (Borjigin) | But Yi Ji Gan | Bột Nhi Chỉ Cân | Pae A Ji Geun (패아지근) | Genghis Khan | |
| 淳于 | Xianbei (鮮卑) | Chúnyú | Seun Yu | Thuần Vu | Sun U (순우) | Chunyu Qiong | |
| 澹臺 (澹台) | Tántái | Taam Toi | Đàm Thái | Dam Dae (담대) | Tantai Mieming (澹臺滅明) | ||
| 第二 | Second | Dì'èr | Dai Yi | Đệ Nhị | Je I (제이) | ||
| 第五 | Fifth | Dìwǔ | Dai Ng | Đệ Ngũ | Je O (제오) | Diwu Qi | |
| 東方 (东方) | "East", descendants of Fuxi clan according to legend | Dōngfāng | Dung Fong | Đông Phương | Dong Bang (동방) | Dongfang Shuo (東方朔) | |
| 東閣 (东阁) | "Eastern Pavilion" | Dōnggé | Dung Gok | Đông Các | Dong Gak (동각) | ||
| 東郭 (东郭) | "Eastern Wall" | Dōngguō | Dung Gwok | Dong Gwak (동곽) | Mr Dongguo (東郭先生) | ||
| 東門 (东门) | "East Gate", place of residence, from Zhou dynasty | Dōngmén | Dung Mun | Đông Môn | Dong Mun (동문) | ||
| 端木 | Duānmù | Dyun Muk | Đoan Mộc | Dan Mok (단목) | Duanmu Ci (端木賜) | ||
| 獨孤 (独孤) | Alone | Dúgū | Duk Gu | Độc Cô | Dok Go (독고) | Empress Dugu Qieluo | |
| 公孫 (公孙) | "Dukes' descendants", an address of the noble descendants in the Spring and Autumn period | Gōngsūn | Gung Syun | Công Tôn | Gong Son (공손) | Gongsun Zan Gongsun Long | |
| 公羊 | A branch of Gongsun | Gōngyáng | Gung Yeung | Công Dương | Gong Yang (공양) | Gongyang Gao (公羊高) | |
| 公冶 | A branch of Ji, from courtesy name of Jiye (季冶) of Lu in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty | Gōngyě | Gung Ye | Công Dã | Gong Ya (공야) | Gongye Chang (公冶長) | |
| 公西 | Gōngxī | Gung Sai | Công Tây | Gong Seo (공서) | Gongxi Chi (公西赤) | ||
| 毌丘 | Guànqiū | Kwun Yau | Gwan Gu (관구) | Guanqiu Jian | |||
| 穀梁 (谷梁) or 穀粱 (谷粱) | Sorghum grains (?) | Gǔliáng | Guk Leung | Cốc Lương | Gok Ryang (곡량) | ||
| 賀蘭 (贺兰) | Hèlán | Ho Laan | Hạ Lan | Ha Ran (하란 | Princess Dowager Helan | ||
| 赫連 (赫连) | Hèlián | Haak Lin | Hách Liên | Hyeok Ryeon (혁련) | Helian Bobo | ||
| 賀若 (贺若) | Hèruò | Ho Yeuk | Hạ Nhược | Ha Yak (하약) | Heruo Bi (賀若弼) | ||
| 皇甫 | A branch of Ji (姬), from 皇父, the courtesy name of Ji Chongshi (姬充石) of the Duchy of Song in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty | Huángfǔ | Wong Po | Hoàng Phủ | Hwang Bo (황보) | Huangfu Song | |
| 呼延 | Xianbei (鮮卑) | Hūyán | Fu Yin | Hô Diên | Ho Yeon (호연) | Empress Huyan | |
| 令狐 | Lìnghú | Ling Wu | Lệnh Hồ | Ryeong Ho (령호) | Linghu Tao (令狐綯) | ||
| 甪里 | Lùlǐ | Rok Ri (록리) | |||||
| 閭丘 (闾丘) | Lǘqiū | Leui Yau | Ryeo Gu(려구) | Luqiu Luwei (閭丘露薇) | |||
| 万俟 | Xianbei (鮮卑) | Mòqí | Muk Gi (묵기) | Moqi Chounu (万俟醜奴) | |||
| 慕容 | Xianbei (鮮卑) | Mùróng | Mou Yung | Mộ Dung | Mo Yong (모용) | Murong Huang | |
| 納蘭 (纳兰) | Manchurian (a variant of 叶赫那拉) | Nàlán | Naap Laan | Nạp Lan | Nap Ran (납란) | Nalan Xingde | |
| 南宮 (南宫) | Southern Palace | Nángōng | Nam Gung | Nam Cung | Nam Gung (남궁) | Nangong Huo | |
| 歐陽 (欧阳) | South of Mt. Ou Yu | Ōuyáng | Au Yeung | Âu Dương | Gu Yang (구양) | Ouyang Xiu | |
| 沙吒 | Turkic | Shāzhā | Sa Ja | Sa Tra | Sa Ta (사타) | ||
| 上官 | High official (place name) | Shàngguān | Seung Gun | Thượng Quan | Sang Gwan (상관) | Empress Shangguan | |
| 申屠 | Shēntú | San Tou | Thẩm Độ | Sin Do (신도) | Shentu Jian (申屠建) | ||
| 司馬 (司马) | "Grand Commandant", one of the Three Excellencies from the Han Dynasty | Sīmǎ | Si Ma | Tư Mã | Sa Ma (사마) | Sima Qian | |
| 司徒 | "Minister over the Masses", one of the Three Excellencies from the Han Dynasty | Sītú | Si Tou | Tư Đồ | Sa Do (사도) | Szeto Wah | |
| 司空 | "Minister of Works", one of the Three Excellencies from the Han Dynasty | Sīkōng | Si Hung | Tư Không | Sa Gong (사공) | ||
| 司寇 | Sīkòu | Si Kau | Tư Khấu | Sa Gu (사구) | |||
| 太史 | "Grand Historian", an imperial official title | Tàishǐ | Taai Si | Thái Sử | Tae Sa (태사) | Taishi Ci | |
| 完顏 (完颜) | Manchurian | Wányán | Yun Ngaan | Hoàn Nhan | Wan An (완안) | Wanyan Aguda | |
| 聞人 (闻人) | Wénrén | Man Yan | Văn Nhân | Mun In (문인) | |||
| 巫馬 (巫马) | "Horse" | Wūmǎ | Mou Ma | Ngọ Mã | Mu Ma (무마)) | Wuma Shi (巫馬施) | |
| 夏侯 | "Marquess Xia", from noble title granted to the descendants of Yu the Great by Duke of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period | Xiàhóu | Ha Hau | Hạ Hầu | Ha Hu (하후) | Xiahou Dun | |
| 鮮于 (鲜于) | Xiānyú | Sin Yu | Tiên Vu | Seon U (선우) | |||
| 西門 (西门) | "West gate", place of residence, from Marquessate of Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period | Xīmén | Sai Mun | Tây Môn | Seo Mun (서눈) | Ximen Bao (西門豹) | |
| 軒轅 (轩辕) | One of the surnames of the Yellow Emperor | Xuānyuán | Hin Yun | Hiên Viên | Heon Weon (헌원) | Yellow Emperor | |
| 樂正 (乐正) | Yuèzhèng | Ngok Jing | Nhạc Chính | Ak Jeong (악정) | |||
| 尉遲 (尉迟) | Xianbei (鮮卑) | Yùchí | Wat Chi | Uất Trì | Wi Ji (위지) | Yuchi Jingde | |
| 宇文 | Xianbei (鮮卑) | Yǔwén | Yu Man | Vũ Văn | U Mun (우문) | Yuwen Tai | |
| 長孫 (长孙) | Zhǎngsūn | Jeung Syun | Trưởng Tôn | Jong Ri (종리) | Zhangsun Wuji | ||
| 鍾離 (钟离) | Zhōnglí | Jung Lei | Chung Ly | Jong Ri (종리) | Zhongli Mu (鐘離牧) | ||
| 諸葛 (诸葛) | "Many Ge", a branch of 葛 (Ge) | Zhūgě | Jyu Got | Chư Cát (Gia Cát) | Je Gal (제갈) | Zhuge Liang | |
| 祝融 | God of Fire | Zhùróng | Juk Yung | Chúc Dung | Chuk Yung (촉융) | Lady Zhurong | |
| 子車 (子车) | Zǐjū | Ji Geui | Ja Geo (자거) | ||||
| 左人 | Left-handed man | Zuǒrén | Jo Yan | Tả Nhân | Jwa In (좌인) |
