Chimalpopoca
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| Chimalpopoca | |
 Chimalpopoca in the Codex Mendoza |
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3rd tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
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| 1417 – 1427 | |
| Tlacochcalcatl | Teuhtlehuac |
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| Tlacateccatl | Itzcoatl |
| Preceded by | Huitzilihuitl |
| Succeeded by | Itzcoatl |
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| Born | 1397 Tenochtitlan |
| Died | 1427 Tenochtitlan or Azcapotzalco |
Chimalpopoca (Nahuatl for "smoking shield"; 1397–1427) was the third tlatoani or Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan (1417-1427).
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[edit] Rule
On the day of Chimalpopoca's coronation in 1417 (some sources say 1416 or 1418), his Tlacaelel was named high priest. From this point on the ecclesiastical and governmental offices among the Aztecs were separate.[verification needed]
When he assumed the throne at age 20, Tenochtitlan was a tributary of the Tepanec city of Azcapotzalco, which was ruled by his Tezozomoc. This alliance, and the Mexicas' position within it, was strengthened by Tenochtitlan's loyalty during Tezozomoc's 1418 war with Ixtlilxochitl I of Texcoco. The conquered city was granted to Tenochtitlan as a tributary.
Nezahualcoyotl, displaced prince of Texcoco, was living in the mountains. Chimalpopoca interceded with Tezozomoc on his behalf, and Tezozomoc agreed to allow Netzahualcoyotl to live in Tenochtitlan under his protection.[verification needed]
In 1426 Tezozómoc assisted Chimalpopoca in the construction of a new aqueduct. This aqueduct was of wood, and ran from the elevated place of Chapultepec to Tenochtitlan.
Chimalpopoca also had a causeway constructed to Tlacopan. The causeway contained openings spanned by wooden bridges, which were removed at night. Also during his reign he dedicated a stone for sacrifices in the Tlacocomoco section of Tenochtitlan. To him is attributed the conquest of Tequizquiac.
[edit] Family
Some sources[1] say that Chimalpopoca was the son of Huitzilihuitl, the previous ruler, while others[2] say that he was a son of Acamapichtli, the first ruler of Tenochtitlan, making him Huitzilihuitl's brother. Gerónimo de Mendieta, in his Historia eclesiástica indiana, notes the discrepancy and concludes that Huitzilihuitl, Chimalpopoca and Itzcoatl (Chimalpopoca's successor) must have been brothers, based on his understanding on the Aztec system of succession.[3]
Three versions of the family tree of the first Aztec rulers:
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Acamapichtli |
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| Huitzilihuitl |
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Itzcoatl |
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Huitzilihuitl |
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Acamapichtli |
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| Chimalpopoca |
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Chimalpopoca |
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Itzcoatl |
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Huitzilihuitl |
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Chimalpopoca |
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Itzcoatl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] Death
When Tezozomoc died in 1427 after a long reign, he was succeeded by his son Tayatzin. However Maxtla, ruler of Coyoacan and older half-brother of Tayatzin, soon incited a rebellion among the nobles of Azcapotzalco and usurped the throne. Chimalpopoca allied with Tayatzin, and the two conspired to retake the throne and kill Maxtla. Friendly relations between Tenochtitlan and Azcapotzalco were thus replaced by insults and violent intrigue, apparently involving tit-for-tat assassination attempts. Maxtla sent Chimalpopoca a present of women's clothing, and insulted his lover.[verification needed]
Teyatzin was killed, and Chimalpopoca decided to offer himself as a sacrifice at the altar of his father Huitzilíhuitl.[verification needed] Some of his nobles joined him. In the middle of the ceremony, before the tlatoani's turn, an expeditionary force from Azcapotzalco invaded Tenochtitlan, took Chimalpopoca prisoner and carried him to Azcapotzalco. There he was exhibited in a cage and kept on starvation rations. He committed suicide, hanging himself from a beam with his belt. (Another account says he was strangled by his captors.)
He was succeeded as tlatoani by Itzcoatl.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Durán's Historia de las Indias de Nueva España, Chimalpahin's third and seventh Relaciones, the Crónica Mexicayotl, the Leyenda de los Soles, Ixtlilxochitl's Relaciones and his Historia Chichimeca, the Codex Xolotl and the Crónica Mexicana.
- ^ Mendieta's Historia eclesiástica indiana, Motolinia's Memoriales, the Origen de los Mexicanos, the Relación de la Genealogía, and the Historia de los Mexicanos por sus Pinturas.
- ^ Gillespie (1989: pp. 12–14.
[edit] References
- "Azcapotzalco," Enciclopedia de México, vol. 2. Mexico City: 1987. (Spanish)
- "Chimalpopoca," Enciclopedia de México, vol. 4. Mexico City: 1987. (Spanish)
- García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, vol. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984. (Spanish)
- Gillespie, Susan D. (1989). The Aztec Kings: The Construction of Rulership in Mexica History (in English). The University of Arizona Press: Tucson & London. ISBN 0-8165-1339-2.
- Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5. (Spanish)
| Preceded by Huitzilihuitl |
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan 1417–1427 |
Succeeded by Itzcoatl |
