Chief of Defence (Finland)

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The Chief of Defence (puolustusvoimain komentaja) is the commander of the Finnish Defence Forces, under the authority of the Commander in Chief, President of Finland. He commands the Finnish Army, the Finnish Air Force, the Finnish Navy and is assisted by the Defence Command. He is the highest-ranking officer of the forces (Admiral or General) and his deputy is the Chief of Staff of the Defence Command (pääesikunnan päällikkö). Current Chief of Defence is Admiral Juhani Kaskeala.

In contrast to many other Western countries, the Finnish Defence Forces have an actual military commander with direct authority over all forces, and the Chief of Staff is a separate position. The Chief of Defence is responsible for all operative aspects of the Defence Forces, while the Ministry of Defence, headed by the civilian minister, plans the long-term economical aspects.

The Chief of Defence is elected by the President of Finland on the nomination of the Finnish Council of State and may be asked to retire whenever a reason occurs. However, since 1972, all Chiefs of Defence have retired only after fulfilling the statutory retirement age of 65.

[edit] List of Finnish Chiefs of Defence

• Supreme Commander of the forces of the Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavallan joukkojen ylipäällikkö)
  • General of the Cavalry Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (January 28-May 30, 1918)

• Supreme Commander of the Finnish Military Forces (Suomen sotajoukkojen ylipäällikkö)
  • Major General Karl Fredrik Wilkman (May 31-August 12, 1918)
  • War Minister, Major General Vilhelm Aleksander Thesleff (August 13-November 27, 1918)
  • War Minister, Colonel Karl Rudolf Walden (November 27-December 31, 1918)

• Commander of the Finnish Army (Suomen armeijan päällikkö)
  • General Major Karl Fredrik Wilkman (January 1-June 19, 1919)
  • General Major Kaarlo Edward Kivekäs (June 20–September 11, 1919)

• Commander of the Military Personnel (sotaväen päällikkö)
  • General Major Karl Fredrik Wilkama (September 12, 1919–August 7, 1924)
  • Lieutenant General Vilho Petter Nenonen (August 8, 1924–April 16, 1925)
  • Jaeger Colonel Lauri Malmberg (April 17–October 1, 1925)
  • Lieutenant General Karl Fredrik Wilkama (October 2, 1925–May 21, 1926)
  • Lieutenant General Aarne Sihvo (May 22, 1926–January 15, 1933)
  • Lieutenant General Hugo Viktor Österman (January 16, 1933–October 16, 1939)

• War Marshal, later Marshal of Finland C. G. E. Mannerheim (October 17, 1939–January 12, 1945, also Supreme Commander from November 20, 1939)
• General of the Infantry Axel Erik Heinrichs (January 12–July 1, 1945)
• Lieutenant General Jarl Frithiof Lundqvist (July 2, 1945–June 3, 1946)
• General of the Infantry Aarne Sihvo (June 4, 1946–May 31, 1953)
• General of the Infantry Kaarlo Aleksander Heiskanen (June 1, 1953–October 28, 1959)
• General of the Infantry Jaakko Sakari Simelius (October 29, 1959–November 12, 1965)
• General of the Infantry Yrjö Ilmari Keinonen (November 13, 1965–April 30, 1969)
• General Kaarlo Olavi Leinonen (May 1, 1969–March 14, 1974)
• General Lauri Sutela (March 15, 1974–October 11, 1983)
• General Jaakko Valtanen (October 12, 1983–February 28, 1990)
• Admiral Jan Klenberg (March 1, 1990–October 31, 1994)
• General Gustav Hägglund (November 1, 1994–June 3, 2001)
• Admiral Juhani Kaskeala (June 4, 2001-today)