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Politics of Sadr
Sahrawi National Council
Article Sahrawi National Council:
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Contents |
[edit] Lower or single House
.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png){kind=small}
[edit] Female Speakers
| Country | Speaker | Title | Assumed office |
|---|---|---|---|
 Cyprus (Northern) |
Fatma Ekenoğlu | President of the Assembly of the Republic | 14 Jan 2004 |
 United States |
Nancy Pelosi | Speaker of the House of Representatives | 04 Jan 2007 |
[edit] Upper House or Senate
[edit] Notes
- A^ : Bangladesh dissolved its unicameral parliament on 27 October 2006, in view of elections that are yet to take place. Parliament is not in session during the extended caretaker regime. Women held 52 of the 345 seats (15%) in the outgoing parliament. For more information, see: 2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis.
- B^ : Benin held its most recent parliamentary election on March 31, 2007. However, this election is not taken into account by the Inter-Parliamentary Union, whose figures are based on the results of the 2003 election, which saw women hold nine out of the 83 seats (10.80%) of the unicameral National Assembly. As of April 2008, the list of MPs on the National Assembly's official website was still under construction.[15] Therefore, the current composition of Benin's National Assembly is not known. It should be noted that French Wikipedia does have an article listing Benin's current MPs. However, since that article does not cite any source, its reliability may be disputed.[1]
- C^ : Bhutan was until recently an absolute monarchy with a unicameral 150-member legislature. However, it is currently experiencing a transition to democracy. A new bicameral parliament was established, made up of an upper house (the non-partisan National Council), and a lower house (the National Assembly). The National Council has 20 members elected by each of the 20 electoral districts (dzongkhag), as well as five members nominated by the King. The first ever election for the National Council was held on 31 December 2007 and 29 January 2008. Four out of the 20 elected members were women. The number of women in the National Council thus stands at 20% (the five appointed members are not taken into account since they had not been designated by the King as of January 30, 2008).[16] The National Assembly, for its part, has 47 members, all of them elected by direct, popular vote. The first ever election for the new National Assembly was held on 24 March 2008, and resulted in women being elected to four out of the 47 seats of the Assembly. There was a total of 10 female candidates, and the four elected ones all came from Druk Phuensum Tshogpa.[17]
- D^ : Ecuador had its National Congress dissolved on 29 November 2007 by the newly elected Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly, due to members of Congress' allegedly high level of political corruption.[18]
- E^ : The Republic of China.[19] [2]
- F^ : The Republic of China (ROC) is a state commonly referred to as Taiwan. It is also diplomatically occasionally known as Chinese Taipei or other names. The ROC is no longer a United Nations member since late 1971. It is currently recognized by the Holy See and 23 UN member states, and has de facto international relations with many other countries. The Republic of China has a unicameral legislature, known as the Legislative Yuan. The most recent legislative election took place on 12 January 2008. Women hold 34 out of the 113 seats (30.10%) of the recently scaled down Legislative Yuan. Following recent electoral reforms, half of the legislature's 34 at-large seats are reserved for women.[14] It should be noted that when the Republic of China became democratic in the late 1980s, a constitutional amendment was proposed to reserve 25% of all legislative seats for women. However, the bill did not pass.[20]
- G^ : The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of the Republic of Cyprus, recognized by no UN member states except Turkey. It has a unicameral legislature, the Assembly of the Republic. The most recent election for the Assembly took place on 20 February 2005. Out of 49 women candidates across the political spectrum, only three were elected as representatives: one for the Republican Turkish Party (CTP-BG), one for the Democratic Party (DP) and one for the National Unity Party (UBP).[21] Female representation in the 50-member Assembly thus stands at 6%. It should be noted that the June 2006 by-election did not change the number of women in the Assembly as the two contested seats were eventually won by male candidates. The three women currently in the Assembly are: Speaker Fatma Ekenoğlu (CTP-BG), Hatice Faydalı (DP) and Şerife Ünverdi (UBP).[22]
- H^ : Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Although the Republic of Kosovo has been formally recognized by many United Nations member states, its political status is still disputed as Serbia still regards Kosovo as an integral part of its territory. The most recent election for the unicameral Assembly of Kosovo was held on 17 November 2007. Women hold 38 out of the 120 seats (31.70%) of the Assembly.[23] Section 21.1 of UNMIK Regulation No. 2004/12 on Elections for the Assembly of Kosovo states that "of the first sixty-seven (67) percent of candidates on a candidate list, at least thirty-three (33) percent shall be male and at least thirty-three (33) percent shall be female, with one candidate from each gender included at least once in each group of three candidates, counting from the first candidate in the list".[11]
- I^ : The Palestinian National Authority was formed in 1994, pursuant to the Oslo Accords between the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) and the government of Israel, as a 5-year interim body during which final status negotiations between the two parties were to take place. The legislature of the Palestinian Authority is the 132-member Palestinian Legislative Council. The most recent election for the Council took place on 25 January 2006. Seventeen women were elected, which means that female representation in the Council currently stands at 12.90%.[24]
- J^ : The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a partially recognized state proclaimed by the Polisario Front on 27 February 1976. It claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, but its actual authority only extends to the so-called Free Zone, which represents merely 20% of the territory claimed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The rest of Western Sahara is under the de facto control and administration of Morocco, which calls these lands its Southern Provinces. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has a unicameral legislature, the Sahrawi National Council. The most recent election for the Council took place between 17 and 19 February 2008. Women were allocated a minimum one-third quota in the Council.[13] They ended up gaining 18 of the 52 seats (34.60%) in the Council.[25]
- K^ : The Vatican City is a widely recognized theocratic city-state administered by a Governor appointed by the Pope, with the latter being the head of the Holy See and that of the Vatican City concurrently. The Vatican City has a unicameral legislature, known as the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State. The Commission is unelected: its members are Cardinals who are named by the Pope for a five-year term.[26] It is currently composed of seven Cardinals.[27] Because cardinalship is reserved for men exclusively, women are thus barred from sitting on the Pontifical Commission.
[edit] References
- General
- Women in National Parliaments. Inter-Parliamentary Union (situation as of 2008-02-29). Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
- Current Female Presidents of Parliaments and Parliamentary Bodies. Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership (last updated on 2008-04-01). Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- Specific
- ^ Afghanistan. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2006-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ Albania. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2006-03-31). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ Algeria. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2007-07-03). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf Countries without quotas. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University. Retrieved on 2008-04-21.
- ^ Argentina. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2006-12-17). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ Armenia. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2007-05-14). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ Australia. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2006-12-11). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ Austria. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2006-11-15). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ Bangladesh. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2008-02-26). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ Belgium. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2007-08-10). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ a b Section 21 - Gender Requirement (PDF). Regulation No. 2004/12 on Elections for the Assembly of Kosovo. United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (2004-05-05). Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
- ^ Palestinian Territory, Occupied. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2007-11-30). Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
- ^ a b "Début du renouvellement du Conseil national sahraoui (parlement)", Sahara Press Service, 2008-02-17. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. (French)
- ^ a b Chung, Oscar (2008-04-01). "Fair Society for the Fair Sex". Taiwan Review 58 (4). Taipei: Government Information Office. OCLC 164912549.
- ^ Les Honorables Députés de la Cinquième Législature de l'Assemblée Nationale du Bénin (French). National Assembly of Benin. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
- ^ Gyelyong Tshogde: Last elections. Inter-Parliamentary Union (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
- ^ National Assembly election results (PDF). Bhutan Elections: Fact Sheet. United Nations Development Programme (updated on 2008-03-25). Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
- ^ "Ecuador forum dissolves Congress", BBC News, 2007-11-30. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
- ^ Legislators of the 7th Legislative Yuan. Legislative Yuan. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
- ^ Taiwan (UN: Province of China). Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA & Stockholm University (last updated on 2006-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Bailie, Mashoed (2006-01-15). "Women and the media in Northern Cyprus: a political economy of communication and gender". Journal of Cyprus Studies 12 (31): 71. Gazimağusa: Eastern Mediterranean University. ISSN 1303-2925.
- ^ List of deputies (Turkish). Official Website of the Assembly of the Republic. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Serbia (includes Kosovo). 2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2008-03-11). Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
- ^ Summary of the nominated and winning women candidates in the PLC Elections (PDF). Central Elections Commission - Palestine (2006-01-29). Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
- ^ "Members of the new Sahrawi legislature revealed", Sahara Press Service, 2008-02-24. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. (Arabic)
- ^ Pope John Paul II (2000-11-26). Article 3 (PDF). Fundamental Law of Vatican City State. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
- ^ Organizational Chart of the Vatican City State. Vatican Official Web Site. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
