Bishop Auckland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Bishop Auckland | |
  Bishop Auckland shown within County Durham |
|
| Population | 24,392 (2001) [1] |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | |
| - London | 227 miles (365 km) SbE |
| District | Wear Valley |
| Shire county | County Durham |
| Region | North East |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BISHOP AUCKLAND |
| Postcode district | DL14 |
| Dialling code | 01388 |
| Police | Durham |
| Fire | County Durham and Darlington |
| Ambulance | North East |
| European Parliament | North East England |
| UK Parliament | Bishop Auckland |
| List of places: UK • England • County Durham | |
Bishop Auckland is a market town in County Durham in North East England. It is located about 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Darlington and 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Durham City at the confluence of the River Wear with its tributary the River Gaunless. According to the 2001 census, Bishop Auckland has a population of 24,392. Bishop Auckland has a town-twinning with the French town of Ivry-sur-Seine[2].
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[edit] History
[edit] Toponymy
The first part of the name, "Bishop", refers to the town being the residence of the Bishop of Durham[3]. However, the derivation of "Auckland" is thought to be less clear. One suggestion is that it is derived from "Alclit"[4] or "Alcleat"[3]. This could be Celtic in origin referring to its position close to what is today known as the River Gaunless, or from it being extra land granted to the Bishop of Durham by King Canute in around 1020[4]. A further suggestion is that "Oakland", has been used to refer to the presence of forests[3][5].
[edit] Early history
The earliest known reference to Bishop Auckland itself is as a gift of a Bishop's borough given to the Bishop of Durham as a gift by King Canute in around 1020. However, a village almost certainly existed on the town's present site long before this, with there being a church in South Church from as early as Saxon times. Furthermore, the Romans had a look-out post where Auckland Castle is sited today and a 10 acre (0.04 km²) fort at nearby Binchester.
Much of the town's earliest history surrounds its links with the Bishops of Durham. In 1083, monks were sent from Durham Cathedral to establish a collegiate church, and in around 1183 Bishop Pudsey established a manor house in the town[6]. Bishop Bek who preferred the town as his main residence over Durham Castle due to its proximity to hunting grounds later converted the manor house into a castle.
[edit] Industrial revolution
With the arrival of large scale coal mining, and the associated railways in the nineteenth century the town grew rapidly.
Coal mining continued as a major industry until the mid-twentieth century when it went into massive decline[7].
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Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. |
[edit] Governance
From 1894 to 1974, the town was governed by the Bishop Auckland Urban District council within the administrative county of Durham[8]. The Urban District was scrapped under the Local Government Act 1972 and replaced by a two tier district and county council system. Under the system Bishop Auckland was governed by Wear Valley District Council at the district level and Durham County Council at the county level.
A third tier was added at the May 2007 local elections when a new town council was established. After the elections, the council elected Barbara Laurie as the town's first mayor.[9].
Under proposals approved by the government on 2007-07-25, Durham County Council and Wear Valley District Council will be replaced on 2009-04-01 by a single unitary authority serving the whole of County Durham.[10]
The town is a part of the Bishop Auckland parliamentary constituency, and is currently represented at Westminster by Helen Goodman MP (Labour). The town is in the North East England European Parliament constituency.
The town is located in the Wear & Tees division of the Durham Constabulary, and served by the County Durham and Darlington Fire and Rescue Service and North East Ambulance Service.
[edit] Geography
Bishop Auckland is located at (British national grid reference system: NZ208294) on the Durham coalfield at the confluence of the River Wear with its tributary the River Gaunless. The River Gaunless was given its name by Norsemen in whose tongue it means useless. It is believed that this derives from the river's inability to power a mill, sustain fish or create fertile floodplains[3][4]. The town nestles in the rivers' valley about 100 metres (328 ft) above sea level. Besides this the town is all but is surrounded on all sides by hills ranging in height from around 150 metres (492 ft) above sea level to over 220 metres (722 ft) above sea level.
Bishop Auckland is located about 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Darlington and 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Durham City. The town is served by Bishop Auckland railway station, which marks the point where the Tees Valley Line becomes the Weardale Railway. The town is not served directly by any motorways.
Notable suburbs and wards include Cockton Hill, Woodhouse Close, and Henknowle. Additionally, once neighbouring villages such as South Church, Tindale Crescent, St Helen Auckland, and West Auckland now more or less merge seamlessly into the town.
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[edit] Climate
| Climate chart for Bishop Auckland | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
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56.2
6
1
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38.8
7
1
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51.1
9
2
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52.0
11
3
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49.5
15
6
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54.8
17
9
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44.5
20
11
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61.3
20
11
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57.5
17
9
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56.9
13
6
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61.5
9
3
|
59.2
7
2
|
| temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm source: [11] |
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Imperial conversion
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The nearest Met Office weather station to Bishop Auckland is located 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Bishop Auckland in Durham. The following local figures were gathered at this weather station between 1971 and 2000.
Like the rest of the United Kingdom, Bishop Auckland has a temperate climate. At 643.3 millimetres (25 in)[11] the average annual rainfall is lower than the national average of 1,125 millimetres (44 in)[12]. Equally there are only around 121.3 days[11] where more than 1 millimetre (0.04 in) of rain falls compared with a national average of 154.4 days[12]. The area sees on average 1374.6 hours of sunshine per year[11], compared with a national average of 1125.0 hours[12]. There is an air frost on 52 days[11] compared with a national average of 55.6 days[12]. Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures are 12.5 °C (54.5 °F) and 5.2 °C (41.4 °F)[11]compared with a national averages of 12.1 °C (53.8 °F) and 5.1 °C (41.2 °F) respectively[12].
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[edit] Demography
| Bishop Auckland Compared | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| UK Census 2001[13][1] | Bishop Auckland | County Durham | England and Wales |
| Total population | 24,392 | 493,484 | 52,041,916 |
| Foreign born | 1.5% | 2.0% | 8.9% |
| Budhist | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.3% |
| Christian | 84.8% | 83.5% | 71.7% |
| Hindu | 0.2% | 0.1% | 1.1% |
| Muslim | 0.2% | 0.2% | 3.0% |
| No religion | 7.3% | 9.3% | 14.8% |
| Over 65 years old | 17.2% | 16.7% | 15.46% |
| Unemployed | 5.0% | 4.8% | 4.3% |
According to the 2001 census, Bishop Auckland has a population of 24,392, living in 10,336 dwellings. Of these dwellings, around 44% are terraced houses, 33% semi-detached houses, and 17% detached houses.
Compared with the national average, the town's population performs poorly with regards to qualifications. At 31.9%, the proportion of the town's population with no qualifications is significantly higher than the national average of 23.2% and 29.1%. Similarly, only 13.8% have a degree level qualification (or higher) compared with the national average of 21.1%.
84.8% of the town's population identify themselves as Christian, compared with a national average of 71.7%. There are below averages numbers identifying themselves as belonging to other religion. The people of the town are also more likely to be religious than the national average with only 7.3% stating they had no religion compared with the national average of 14.8%.
At 1.5% of the population, the town has a below average population of foreign born individuals, compared with a national average of 8.9%.
[edit] Economy
Legend Agriculture, hunting and forestry Industry, including energy and construction Service activities TotalSource:[14]
Traditionally the town's economy was based heavily on coal mining. However, with the decline of the Durham coalfield, manufacturing has been left as the largest sector of employment in the town, accounting for 24.6% of the town's employment[13].
The town also traditionally had a strong retail sector[15], as one of the county's main population centre's shoppers were attracted from smaller settlements on the Durham coalfield for miles around. However, the affect of the decline in the coal mining industry has been felt in the retail sector. Together with competition from local shopping malls such as the MetroCentre in Gateshead, the decline in the mining industry has been blamed for a downturn in the fortunes of retailers[16], with commentators lamenting the number of down market stores and charity shops in the town centre[17].
Notable employers in the town include Ebac, which is headquartered in the town and employs 350 people[18].
The chart and table summarise unadjusted gross value added (GVA) in millions of pounds sterling for County Durham across 3 industries at current basic prices from 1995 to 2004.
| Gross Value Added (GVA) (£m) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2000 | 2004 | |
| Agriculture, hunting and forestry | 45 | 33 | 48 |
| Industry, including energy and construction | 1751 | 1827 | 1784 |
| Service activities | 2282 | 2869 | 3455 |
| Total | 4078 | 4729 | 5288 |
| UK | 640416 | 840979 | 1044165 |
[edit] Landmarks
Notable buildings and structures in the town are Auckland Castle, the Town Hall, a Victorian Railway Viaduct, and St Andrew's parish church. Escomb Saxon Church and Binchester Roman Fort are also close by. Also central to the town is Bishop Auckland's only skyscraper, Vinovium House.
[edit] Auckland Castle
Auckland Castle (often known locally as The Bishop's palace), has been the official residence of the Bishop of Durham since 1832. However, its history goes back much earlier, being established as a hunting lodge for the Prince Bishops of Durham [19]. The castle is surrounded by 800 acres (3.24 km²) of parkland, which was originally used by the Bishops for hunting and is today open to the public[20].
The castle's long dining room is home to 12 of the 13 17th century portraits of Jacob and his 12 sons painted by Francisco de Zurbarán, which were saved by Bishop Trevor in 1756[21]. Trevor was unable to secure the 13th, Benjamin, so commissioned Arthur Pond to produce a copy, which hangs alongside the 12 other originals[22].
[edit] Binchester Roman Fort
The route of the Roman road Dere Street passes straight through the middle of the town on its way to the nearby Roman Fort at Binchester[23]. Binchester Roman Fort, or Vinovia as it was known to the Romans, has the best preserved example of a Roman military bath house hypocaust in the country[24]. Bishop Auckland's main shopping street, Newgate Street, together with Cockton Hill Road and Watling Road faithfully follow the route of Dere Street[23]. Note that Watling Road should not be confused with the Roman road Watling Street, which is in the South of England.
[edit] Bishop Auckland Town Hall
The Town Hall is a "Gothic style" Victorian Building overlooking the town's market place and is Grade II* listed[25]. After being abandoned and then condemned for demolition in the eighties[citation needed], the town hall was fully restored in the early nineties. It now houses the town's main public library, a theatre, an art gallery, tourist information centre and a café-bar[24].
[edit] Bishop Auckland railway viaduct
The town also has a Grade II listed Victorian Railway Viaduct crossing the River Wear[26]. The viaduct provides scenic views of the surrounding countryside below as well as Auckland Castle, the Bishop's Park and the Town Hall on approaching the town from the Viaduct. It was originally built in 1857[26][24] to carry the Bishop Auckland to Durham City railway line across the River Wear and the Newton Cap Bank that leads down to the river. The railway closed in 1968[24] and the viaduct fell into a period of disuse and was at one point threatened with demolition[citation needed]. However, in 1995 the viaduct has been converted to take road traffic relieving the fourteenth century single lane Bishop Skirlaw bridge that sits in the valley below it[24].
[edit] Escomb Saxon church
The nearby village of Escomb is home to a complete Anglo-Saxon church. It is believed the church was built between the years 670 and 690[27]. Much of the stone used to construct the church came from the nearby Roman fort at Binchester, with some stones having Roman markings on them[27]. The church is a Grade I listed structure[28].
[edit] St Andrew's Church
St Andrew's church located in the adjoining village of South Church is a Grade I listed building[29]. The church was built by Augustine monks in the thirteenth century and acted as a collegiate church[23]. It is the largest church in County Durham[30].
[edit] Vinovium House
Vinovium House stands on a small hill at the southerly end of the town's viaduct. At 8 storeys high, it is the tallest structure in the town and can be seen from many points throughout Bishop Auckland. Vinovium House is the local headquarters for the Department of Work and Pensions. The name Vinovium comes from the Latin name for the Roman fort at Binchester, which was known as Vinovium or Vinovia. During the early part of the 21st Century, the whole building underwent a refurbishment, and was upgraded to include UPVC double glazing throughout. Views from the upper levels on a good day can stretch as far as Toronto to the north west, and Eldon to the south east.
[edit] Transport
The town has links with the birth of the railways, with the original 1825 route of the Stockton and Darlington Railway passing through West Auckland and Timothy Hackworth, a well-known locomotive builder, built steam locomotives in the neighbouring town of Shildon[31].
Today, Bishop Auckland railway station still provides passenger services being located at the end of the Tees Valley Line. Although, the station is also at one end of the Weardale Railway, no services on this line currently come as far as Bishop Auckland. The town centre had a large railway goods yard until the 1970s. Freight traffic ceased to use the line between Eastgate and Darlington completely in 1993 when Blue Circle cement stopped using the line to transport cement from its works in Eastgate.
The nearest airport to the town is Durham Tees Valley Airport at around 19 miles (31 km) drive South-East of Bishop Auckland. The nearest motorway junction is Junction 60 of the A1(M), which is around 8 miles (13 km) away.
The town, has a bus station with a number of bus-routes serving the town. Following the withdrawal of the Go-Ahead Group from the town on 2006-04-08, most of these services are provided by Arriva[32]. However, a number of smaller firms such as Weardale buses also serve the town.
[edit] Education
- Further information: List of Schools in Durham LEA
Legend Bishop Barrington School King James Community College St John's RC Comprehensive School National Average LEA Average
The town itself has 3 secondary schools - St John's RC Comprehensive School, The Bishop Barrington School and King James I Community College. The town also has a college, Bishop Auckland College serving the Further Education and Higher Education fields. Both Bishop Barrington and King James schools have long histories being founded in 1810 by Bishop Barrington and in 1604[39] on the orders of King James I respectively[5].
As illustrated in the graph, in terms of GCSE results, only one of the town's secondary schools, St John's RC Comprehensive School, meets or exceeds either of the national average or Durham LEA average of the proportion of students achieving 5 or more GCSEs (including Maths and English) at grades A* to C. Although traditionally the town's Grammar school[39], King James I now trails in third place on this statistic. However, in the government's "contextual value added" statistic, which attempts to measure how much a school improves students, compared with how much other schools in the country improve students with similar circumstances, King James with 1038.3 points performs better than all of St John's (1008.5 points), Barrington (1018.3 points) and the LEA average of 1006.9 points.
At A-Level none of the towns sixth form centres reach the national average of 731.1 A-Level points per student and only St John's, with an average 709.4 points, beats the LEA average of 651.7 points[36]. In comparison, Bishop Auckland College has an average A-Level score of 526.9 points[40] and King James an average points score of 502.5[34]. The Bishop Barrington School no longer has its own sixth form, with the school being a feeder for Queen Elizabeth Sixth Form College in Darlington. The average A-Level points score at Queen Elizabeth being 878.9[41]
The needs of those with special educational needs are served by Evergreen Primary.
Schools in the town serving primary age education are detailed in the table below.
| School | Results | Website |
|---|---|---|
| Cockton Hill Infant | Ofsted | http://www.cocktonhill-inf.durham.sch.uk/ |
| Cockton Hill Junior | Ofsted | http://www.cocktonhilljuniors.co.uk/ |
| Copeland Road Primary | Ofsted | http://www.copelandroad.durham.sch.uk/ |
| Etherley Lane Primary | Ofsted | http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/elane.durham/ |
| Oakley Cross Primary | Ofsted | http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/oakleyx.durham/ |
| St Andrew's Primary | Ofsted | - |
| St Anne's CofE Primary | Ofsted | http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/annespri/ |
| St Helen Auckland Community Primary | Ofsted | - |
| St Wilfrid's RC Primary | Ofsted | http://www.st-wilfrids.durham.sch.uk/ |
| Woodhouse Close Infant | Ofsted | - |
| Woodhouse Close Junior | Ofsted | - |
[edit] Healthcare
- See also: Bishop Auckland General Hospital
As is the case with the rest of the UK, the population of the town are served by the National Health Service (NHS). The town has its own NHS hospital, Bishop Auckland General Hospital. The current Bishop Auckland General Hospital has 286 beds and since opening in 2002 has become a centre specialising in routine surgery [42]. The hospital also has a doctor led A&E department[43].
The new hospital was a PFI project and was announced by the Labour government in the summer of 1997[44]. It replaced the old Bishop Auckland General Hospital which had been housed in the town's workhouse buildings[45] and temporary huts constructed during world war II.
Other local hospitals include Darlington Memorial Hospital and University Hospital of North Durham, which has replaced Durham Dryburn and was announced on the same day as the new Bishop Auckland General.
[edit] Sports
Bishop Auckland is famous for its amateur football team, Bishop Auckland AFC, which won the FA Amateur Cup 10 times in the Trophy's 80 year history, having appeared in the Final on 18 occasions[39].
Bishop Auckland Football Club also helped out giants Manchester United after the Munich Air Crash in 1958 by donating 3 of their players, Derek Lewin, Bob Hardisty and Warren Bradley, to the Red Devils. This formed a bond between the two clubs that lasts to this day. In recent years Manchester United played a friendly match at Kingsaway, then home of the Bishops, to raise money for the cash strapped minnows. And only last year Manchester United donated floodlights to Bishop Auckland Football Club as they move into a new ground.
The adjacent village of West Auckland is notable for having been home to the first team to win the Football World Cup. Its team of local coal miners won the cup in the Easter of 1909 and again in 1911, defeating the mighty Juventus in the final[46]. This story was portrayed in the 1982 television movie "The World Cup - A Captain's Tale" made by Tyne Tees Television and starring Denis Waterman[47]. The cup, the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy, itself was stolen from West Auckland Town F.C. in 1994 and a replica now resides in West Auckland working men's club[46].
[edit] Notable people
Stan Laurel of the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy lived in the town during his childhood attending the town's Grammar School, King James 1st[39]. His parents owned the now demolished Eden Theatre, which was located at the junction of Newgate Street and South Church Road[48], before selling to the Donoghue family[citation needed].
Politician, Sir Anthony Eden, who was Prime Minister of the UK between 1955 and 1957, was born in Bishop Auckland[49]. As was, Peter Soulsby, the current MP for Leicester South,[50] and Mansfield MP Alan Meale[51].
Jeremiah Dixon, Astronomer and Surveyor of the Mason-Dixon Line[52], footballer Charlie Wayman who played for Newcastle United, Middlesbrough FC, and Southampton FC[53], Actor Christopher Hancock, who played Charlie Cotton in Eastenders[54], Middlesbrough F.C. goalkeeper Ross Turnbull[55], Town planner Thomas Wilfred Sharp[56] and Craig Raine, the poet and critic[57] were also all born in Bishop Auckland.
Roland Boys Bradford, who during World War I was awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery on 1916-10-01, and became Brigadier General, on 1917-11-10 at the age of 25 making him the youngest General in the British Army, was born in the nearby village of Witton Park[58]. Actor John Reed, was born and spent his childhood in the nearby village of Close House[59].
One of the UK's most prolific serial killers, Mary Ann Cotton, lived in the nearby village of West Auckland. She was hanged at Durham Jail in 1873 for the murder of her stepson. However, it is believed that she could have been responsible for the deaths of up to 21 others[60].
Frederick William Faber, the theologian and catholic priest, was educated at the town's grammar school[61]
[edit] Cultural references
Lewis Carroll set the story "A Legend of Scotland" at Auckland Castle.
[edit] Twin towns
Bishop Auckland is twinned with the French town of Ivry-sur-Seine, whilst the wider Wear Valley district is twinned with Bad Oeynhausen in Germany[2]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b 2001 Census Profiles (Numbers) for Major Centres in County Durham, Durham County Council, Retrieved on 2007-08-10
- ^ a b Twinning, Wear Valley District Council. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ a b c d Simpson, David. The North East England History Pages - Place Names. Retrieved on 2007-08-12.
- ^ a b c "Echo Memories: Tides of change in the land of Canute", The Northern Echo, 2005-07-20. Retrieved on 2007-08-12.
- ^ a b Astrop - Auckland, Bishop, A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848), pp. 108-12. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ Simpson, David. The North East England History Pages - Bishop Auckland and Surrounds. Retrieved on 2007-09-01
- ^ Thematic Overview - Industrial, Keys to the past. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
- ^ A vision of Bishop Auckland UD, A vision of Britain. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ "New Town Council for Bishop Auckland", Wear Valley District Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-09.
- ^ "Durham unitary authority approved", BBC News, 2007-07-25. Retrieved on 2007-08-09.
- ^ a b c d e f Durham 1971-2000 averages, Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
- ^ a b c d e UK 1971-2000 averages, Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
- ^ a b c 2001 Census Profiles (Rates) for Major Centres in County Durham, Durham County Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-10.
- ^ NUTS3 GVA (1995-2004) Data, Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2007-08-31.
- ^ "£2.4m 'people's plan' to revive economy of market town", The Northern Echo, 2000-08-09. Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
- ^ "Action plan aims to revive town fortunes", The Northern Echo, 2000-10-26. Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
- ^ "End of an era as charity shop pioneer pulls out", The Northern Echo, 2000-06-13. Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
- ^ "Ebac turns its eyes to Far East", The Northern Echo, 2006-11-16. Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
- ^ Castle History, Auckland Castle. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ Castle Grounds, Auckland Castle. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ "London should keep its hands off the treasures of the north", The Guardian, 2005-10-07. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ "Bid to keep castle paintings in N-E", The Northern Echo, 2001-05-14. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ a b c Visit Wear Valley, Wear Valley District Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b c d e Walking and Cycling Routes in Wear Valley, Wear Valley District Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ Bishop Auckland Town Hall, Images of England, 2001-04-08. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ a b Newton Cap Railway Viaduct, Images of England, 2006-03-05. Retrieved on 2007-08-21
- ^ a b History of the Church, Escomb Saxon Church. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
- ^ The Saxon Church, Saxon Green, Escomb, Images of England, 2000-08-08. Retrieved on 2007-08-21
- ^ St Andrew's parish church, Images of England, 2000-08-11. Retrieved on 2007-08-21
- ^ Simpson, David. The North East England History Pages - Churches, Abbeys, Priories and Cathedrals of North East England. Retrieved on 2007-11-20
- ^ Carpenter, George W. , Hackworth, Timothy (1786–1850), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-01-26
- ^ "Go-Ahead will use green diesel", The Northern Echo, 2006-02-18. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
- ^ "League Tables: King James I Community Arts College", BBC News, 2007-01-11. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
- ^ a b "League Tables: King James I Community Arts College", BBC News, 2008-01-10. Retrieved on 2008-02-20.
- ^ "League Tables: St John's Catholic School & Sixth Form Centre", BBC News, 2007-01-11. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
- ^ a b "League Tables: St John's Catholic School & Sixth Form Centre", BBC News, 2008-01-10. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.
- ^ "League Tables: Bishop Barrington School", BBC News, 2007-01-11. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
- ^ "League Tables: Bishop Barrington School", BBC News, 2008-01-10. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.
- ^ a b c d Laurie, Barbara. A Short History of Bishop Auckland. Bishop Auckland Town. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
- ^ "League Tables: Bishop Auckland College", BBC News, 2008-01-10. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.
- ^ "League Tables: Queen Elizabeth Sixth Form College", BBC News, 2008-01-10. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.
- ^ Bishop Auckland General Hospital, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved on 2007-08-21
- ^ Configuring Hospitals - Bishop Auckland Hospital, Department of Health, 2007-02-08. Retrieved on 2008-01-26
- ^ "Ministers have given the go-ahead to 14 hospital building schemes", The Times, 1997-07-04.
- ^ Hospital Records Database - Bishop Auckland General Hospital, The National Archives. Retrieved on 2007-09-06
- ^ a b "World Cup winners prepare to tackle new kids on block", The Independent, 2006-10-04. Retrieved on 2007-08-09.
- ^ The World Cup - A Captain's Tale, Film & TV Database, BFI. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ Land, John. Walk with Stan Laurel in Bishop Auckland, Bishop Auckland Town. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ Sir Anthony Eden - PMs in History, 10 Downing Street. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ Biography of Peter Soulsby, Peter Soulsby. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ Alan Meale's CV, Alan Meale. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ Biography of Jeremiah Dixon, Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 1993. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ "Obituary - Charlie Wayman", The Guardian, 2006-02-07. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ "Obituary - Christopher Hancock", The Independent, 2004-11-19. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ "Soccerbase: Ross Turnbull", The Racing Post. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
- ^ Stansfield, K. M. Sharp, Thomas Wilfred (1901–1978), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-01-25
- ^ Craig Raine, Contemporary Writers, The British Council. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ^ DLI Medal Collection - Roland Boys Bradford, DLI Museum. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ Reed, John (2006). Nothing Whatever to Grumble At. Xlibris Corporation, p2. ISBN 1425702554.
- ^ "Mary Ann Cotton still rotten", The Northern Echo, 2002-03-22. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ The Good & The Great - Frederick William Faber, The Diocese of Ely. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
[edit] External links
- Bishop Auckland Town Website
- Wear Valley District Council
- Durham County Council
- Bishop Auckland Town Hall
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