Belle Île

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

White dot: Location of Belle Île in France
Red dot: Location of the city Le Palais on Belle Île

Belle-Île or Belle-Île-en-Mer (ar Gerveur in Modern Breton)—Guedel in Old Breton—is a French island off the coast of Brittany in the département of Morbihan, and the largest of Brittany's islands. It is 14km from the Quiberon peninsula.

Administratively, the island forms a canton: the canton of Belle-Île. It is divided into four communes:

1 Geography
2 History
3 Miscellaneous
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Geography

Belle Ile seen by Spot satellite

The island measures 17km by 9 km and has an average altitude of 40m. The area is about 84km². The coasts are a mixture between dangerously sharp cliff edges on the southwest side, the Côte Sauvage (Wild coast), and calm placid beaches (the largest being les Grands Sables (The great sands)) and navigable harbours on the northeast side. The island's climate is oceanic, having less rain and milder winters than on the mainland.

The two main ports are Le Palais (accessible by ferry from Quiberon) and Sauzon (accessible by ferry from Quiberon and Lorient).

There used to be forests on the island, but these have long disappeared due to increasing agricultural use of the land.

[edit] History

Belle Île was separated from the mainland about 6000 B.C., earlier than its neighbouring islands Houat and Hœdic. Archaeological finds from the Bronze Age suggest that the island enjoyed a large increase in population in this time, probably due to improvements in seafaring.

The Roman name of the island seems to have been Vindilis, which in the Middle Ages became corrupted to Guedel. In the 9th century Belle-Île belonged to the county of Cornouaille. In 1572 the monks of the abbey of Ste Croix at Quimperlé ceded the island to the Retz family, in whose favour it was raised to a marquisate in the following year. It subsequently came into the hands of the family of Fouquet. The island's fortifications were erected by Vauban on behalf of Nicolas Fouquet, prior to Fouquet incurring the displeasure of Louis XIV; the land was ceded to the crown in 1718.

It was held by English troops from 1761 to 1763 when the French got it in exchange for Nova Scotia, and a large portion of the modern day population is descended from repatriated Acadian colonists who returned to France after the loss of Acadia (Nova Scotia) to Great Britain during The Great Upheaval (le Grand Dérangement).

Today, its population of about 4,000 predominantly survive on tourism and fishing.

[edit] Miscellaneous

During the summer the island's population increases dramatically, with many people owning a second home on the island, because of its secluded location and beaches.

Lyrique en Mer/Festival de Belle Ile is the largest opera festival in western France. Founded in 1998 by American opera singer Richard Cowan, the Festival produces two staged operas every summer, conducted by Music Director Philip Walsh and directed by Mr. Cowan, the Artistic Director. Additionally, there are sacred concerts in all four of the island's historic churches, as well as many smaller concerts and Master Classes. Lyrique en Mer has wide support from the French business community as well as from the Conseil General, the Conseil Regional, and the Paris Senate.

It is the setting for a portion of The Man in the Iron Mask, an adventure novel by 19th century French writer Alexandre Dumas, père. It is also where Porthos, one of the characters of Dumas' "The Three Musketeers" dies, close to Locmaria.

During the 1870s and 1880s, French painter Claude Monet one of the most famous practitioners of Impressionism painted the French countryside and dramatic scenery such as the rock formations at Belle-Isle. Monet’s series of paintings of the rocks at Belle-Île astounded the Paris art-world when he first showed them in 1887.^[1]^[2]Most notable are the "Storm, Coast at Belle-Ile" and "Cliffs at Belle-Ile" both rendered in 1886. The first time Auguste Rodin saw the ocean off the Brittany coast he exclaimed, “It’s a Monet."

[edit] References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article "Belle-Île-en-Mer", a publication now in the public domain.