Beaconsfield
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Beaconsfield | |
  Beaconsfield shown within Buckinghamshire |
|
| Population | 11,000 |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | |
| District | South Bucks |
| Shire county | Buckinghamshire |
| Region | South East |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Beaconsfield |
| Postcode district | HP9 |
| Dialling code | 01494 |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Buckinghamshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
| European Parliament | South East England |
| UK Parliament | Beaconsfield |
| List of places: UK • England • Buckinghamshire | |
Beaconsfield (pronunciation ; IPA /ˈbekənzfiːld/) is a market town in Buckinghamshire, England lying almost 25 miles NW of London. The town sits in the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is part of the London commuter belt, thus the average cost of housing in the town is high. It is in the South Bucks local government district, which was known as the Beaconsfield district from 1974 to 1980.
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[edit] History and description
The parish is mainly given over arable land though some beech forest remains from that planted to supply the furniture industry of High Wycombe.
The first written reference to Beaconsfield dates from 1185 where it is spelt Bekenesfeld, although this is mistakenly thought to mean the ¨field by the beacon¨ in actual fact is derived from "clearing in the beeches" (beech trees). The town's icon is an oak tree. Although the name has been spelt with an ´A´ during modern times the name is pronounced [bekənzfiːld].
The parish church at the crossroads of Old Beaconsfield is dedicated to St Mary, it was rebuilt of flint and bath stone by the Victorians in 1869. Old Beaconsfield has a number of old coaching inns along a wide street of red brick houses and small shops. It was the first (coach) stopping point on the road between London and Oxford.
An annual fair is traditionally held on May 10. Its charter originally allowed for a yearly market for the trading of goods and livestock, but it has now developed into a funfair, erected for one day only on the main roads of the "Old Town". In recent years some residents have opposed the fair as a hindrance to the Old Town, and have called for it to be scrapped even though the fair has been going for over 735 years.
In the Victorian era the town was the home constituency of Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1868 and then again from 1874 until 1880 (in fact his home, Hughenden Manor is in the nearby town of High Wycombe). In 1876 he was made the 1st Earl of Beaconsfield by Queen Victoria with whom he was very popular. It was due to this, that Beaconsfield became a popular road name in industrial cities across the country in the late Victorian era.
It is the burial place of the author Gilbert Keith Chesterton, Edmund Burke and the poet Edmund Waller, for whom a tall stone obelisk was erected over the tomb chest in St Mary and All Saints churchyard.[1]
The Waller family originated at Groombridge Place, Kent, and later lived at Coleshill, Hertfordshire. In 1624, the family acquired Wilton Manor and Hall Barn in Beaconsfield.[2] "The Wallers, who came from Speldhurst, Kent," says the Victoria County history of Buckinghamshire, "were settled at Beaconsfield as early as the 14th century." (A branch of this family was seated later at Newport Pagnell, Buckingham, from whence they removed in the 17th century to Virginia, where they became prominent in early Virginia affairs. See Benjamin Waller, Littleton Waller Tazewell and Edwin Waller.)
Dominic Grieve is the Member of Parliament for Beaconsfield, first elected in 1997, and now the shadow Attorney-General. Tony Blair, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom famously contested the seat in a by-election in 1982 and lost. He was defeated by Tim Smith, who stood down in disgrace fifteen years later after admitting that he had taken Cash for Questions from Mohammed Al-Fayed.
Today the town is very prosperous and quite picturesque. It is the home of Bekonscot model village; and (the old) Beaconsfield Film Studio becoming the National Film and Television School, where many film directors and technicians have learned their craft. It is the birthplace of Terry Pratchett, author of the Discworld series of fantasy novels. Some scenes in Brief Encounter, a classic film about a woman in a dull middle class marriage who almost undertakes an affair, were filmed in the town. The exterior of the Royal Saracens Head Inn can be seen in the James Bond film Thunderball, and the interior shots for the pub in Hot Fuzz were filmed in the Royal Standard pub. Many other parts of the town have been used in films due to the old film studio and nearby Pinewood Studios. More recently it has often been used as a "location" for the TV murder mystery series, Midsomer Murders.
The New Town was built 1 mile further to the north, when the railway arrived, at the turn of the 20th century. The railway station is on the Chiltern Line out of Marylebone towards High Wycombe it then branches to Aylesbury, and Birmingham Snow Hill. Old Beaconsfield which grew up on the Oxford Road in part to serve the coach traffic, is mirrored by New Beaconsfield which has grown up round the station.
Beaconsfield is also home to the Chiltern Shakespeare Company, which annually holds amateur performances of Shakespeare plays.
[edit] Transport
The town is very well served by road and rail. The M40 runs very close to the town and is a generous 8 lanes wide. The motorway leads to London towards the east and Oxford and Birmingham to west. Local roads include the A355 which connects Amersham and Slough via Beaconsfield, although this has very heavy traffic in peak times. The A40 parallels the M40 from London to Oxford and for years was the main road between the two cities. With the building of the M40 in the 60s and 70s the road has been relieved, but it still gets heavily congested. The B474 connects the town to Hazlemere.
Rail links generally run close to the motorway. Beaconsfield railway station sees services to Birmingham Snow Hill and Moor Street, and London Marylebone. Services are provided by Chiltern Railways who provide regular fast and slow services, the faster ones being able to reach London in around twenty five minutes. Beaconsfield is also a popular park and ride station for commuters who drive towards the capital along the M40 and M4 corridors who don't want to take their cars into London's congestion charge and parking problems.
[edit] Notable residents
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With very close access to London, Heathrow Airport and the M25/M40, as well being rural and having large, expensive estates and houses, Beaconsfield is a popular choice of location for many 'celebrities', personalities and high-flyers. Just some of these include or have included in the past:
- Enid Blyton, writer, who lived for most of her life in Green Hedges - a large house that has since been demolished but there is an Enid Blyton Room nearby at The Red Lion pub in Knotty Green, where there is a gallery of pictures and a library of books, donated by The Enid Blyton Society.
- Airey Neave, Politician
- Albert Ernest Kitson, Geologist and Naturalist
- Anne Main, MP
- Barry Gibb, Bee Gees singer[3]
- Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield and Prime Minister 1868, 1874-1880
- Edmund Burke, Statesman
- G. K. Chesterton, writer
- Sir Gore Ouseley, Ambassador, Orientalist, High Sherriff of Buckinghamshire
- Robert Frost, poet
- Wendy Hiller, actress
- Vernon Kaye, TV Presenter
- Tess Daly, TV presenter
- Edmund Waller, poet
- Angelina Jolie, actress
- Terry Pratchett, writer
[edit] Twin towns
[edit] Education
Buckinghamshire County Council operates a selective secondary education system, rather than a comprehensive system. Pupils can take the 11+ test at the beginning of year 6, when they are age 10 or 11. Approximately 30% attain a score that makes them eligible to go to grammar schools, as well as to the county's upper schools.
- Alfriston School is a special school for girls, with moderate learning difficulties, between the ages of 11 and 18.
- Beaconsfield High School[4] is a high performing grammar school for girls between the ages of 11 and 18.
- The Beaconsfield School[5] has an average performance rating and its sixth form students join together with Beaconsfield High to increase the courses available.
- Davenies School[6] is a private preparatory day school for boys between ages 4 and 13[7].
- High March School[8] is a private preparatory day school for girls between the ages of 3 and 12 and boys between the ages of 3 and 5[9].
- St Mary & All Saints Church of England Primary School is a Key stage 1 & 2 mixed sex school with excellent Ofsted reports
[edit] References
- ^ Beaconsfield, GENUKI
- ^ Beaconsfield, A History of the County of Buckingham, William Page, 1925, British History Online
- ^ Bee Gees website Gibb Service International, Bee Gees News
- ^ Beaconsfield High School website
- ^ The Beaconsfield School website
- ^ Davenies School website
- ^ 2004 Report of Davenies School by the Independent Schools Inspectorate
- ^ High March School website
- ^ 2003 Report of High March School by the Independent Schools Inspectorate
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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