Armagh
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Armagh (disambiguation).
| Armagh | |
| Irish: Ard Macha | |
|
|
|
  Armagh shown within Northern Ireland |
|
| Population | 14,590 (2001 Census) |
|---|---|
| Irish grid reference | |
| - Belfast | 33 miles |
| District | Armagh City and District |
| County | County Armagh |
| Constituent country | Northern Ireland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ARMAGH |
| Postcode district | BT60, BT61 |
| Dialling code | 028 |
| Police | Northern Ireland |
| Fire | Northern Ireland |
| Ambulance | Northern Ireland |
| European Parliament | Northern Ireland |
| UK Parliament | Newry and Armagh |
| Website: www.armagh.gov.uk | |
| List of places: UK • Northern Ireland • Armagh | |
Armagh (from the Irish: Ard Macha meaning "The Height of Macha") is a city in Northern Ireland, the county town of County Armagh. Armagh was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994, and City status was officially re-conferred in 1995. Armagh is the least populated city in both Northern Ireland and the island of Ireland. It had a population of 14,590 people in the 2001 Census.
Contents |
[edit] History
- Emain Macha (or Navan Fort) at the city's edge, is believed to have been used as an ancient pagan ritual or ceremonial site. According to Irish mythology it was once the capital of Ulster, until it was abandoned during the 1st century CE. The site was named after the goddess Macha, and as the settlement grew on the hills nearby, it was also named after the goddess — Ard Macha means "The Height of Macha".
- When Christianity spread to Ireland during the mid-400s CE, Armagh became the island's "ecclesiastical capital", as Saint Patrick established his principal church there. Saint Patrick decreed that only those educated in Armagh could spread the gospel. According to the Annals of the Four Masters, in the year 457:
| “ | Ard Macha was founded by Saint Patrick, it having been granted to him by Daire, son of Finnchadh, son of Eoghan, son of Niallan. Twelve men were appointed by him for building the town. He ordered them, in the first place, to erect an archbishop's city there, and a church for monks, for nuns, and for the other orders in general, for he perceived that it would be the head and chief of the churches of Ireland in general. | ” |
- In 839 the monastery in Armagh was raided by Vikings. As with similar raids, their objective was simply to acquire valuables such as silver, which the churches and monasteries often kept.
- Brian Boru is buried in the cemetery of the St. Patrick's Church of Ireland cathedral. After having conquered the island during the 990s, he became High King of Ireland in 1002, until his death in 1014.
- In 1189, John de Courcy, a Norman knight who had invaded Ulster in 1177, plundered Armagh.[1]
- Armagh has been an educational centre since the time of Saint Patrick, and thus it has been referred to as "the city of saints and scholars". The educational tradition continued with the foundation of The Royal School, Armagh in 1608 and the Armagh Observatory in 1790. This was part of the Archbishops plan to have a university founded in the city. This ambition was finally fulfilled, albeit briefly, in the 1990s when Queen's University of Belfast opened an outreach centre in the former hospital building.
[edit] The Troubles
For more information see The Troubles in Armagh, which includes a list of incidents in Armagh during the Troubles resulting in two or more fatalities.
[edit] Buildings of note
- Armagh is the site of two cathedrals, both on hills and both named after Saint Patrick. The Church of Ireland cathedral dates back to around 445. The Roman Catholic cathedral was constructed during the latter half of the 1800s and features twin 64m spires, making it the tallest such structure in the county. Armagh is the only city in the world which is home to two Cathedrals of the same name.
- The city is home to Armagh Observatory, founded in 1790 and to the Armagh Planetarium established in 1968 to complement the research work of the Armagh Observatory. It has a Georgian area of heritage importance.
- The Palace Stables heritage centre is a reconstructed stable block dating from the 1700s, which once part of the Archbishop's estate.
- Among the city's chief glories is the Public Library on Abbey Street. Founded in 1771 by Archbishop Richard Robinson (later Lord Rokeby) using his own library as its nucleus, it is especially rich in 17th and 18th century English books, including Dean Jonathan Swift's own copy of the first edition of his Gulliver's Travels with his manuscript corrections.
- Armagh Market House was built in 1815 as a two storey five bay building, and is currently used as a Library and Learning Centre.
[edit] Administration
- The city is run by Armagh City and District Council, headquartered in Armagh, which covers a larger area than just the city, but not the entire county. Together with part of the district of Newry and Mourne, it forms the Newry & Armagh constituency for elections to the Westminster Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly. The Member of Parliament is Conor Murphy of Sinn Féin, who is a former Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoner and a member of the Sinn Féin negotiations team. He won the seat in the United Kingdom general election, 2005, after the retirement of long-serving SDLP MP Seamus Mallon.
- The city has a long reputation as an administrative centre and currently located in the city is the headquarters of the Southern Education and Library Board and the Southern Health and Social Services Board.
- The secretariat of the North-South Ministerial Council is based in Armagh, and consists jointly of members of the civil services of both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
- Armagh is the seat of both the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh, both of whom hold the position of Primate of All Ireland for their respective denominations.
[edit] Demographics
Armagh city is classified as a Medium Town by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (ie with population between 10,000 and 18,000 people). On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 14,590 people living in Armagh. Of these:
- 25.1% were aged under 16 years and 17.5% were aged 60 and over
- 48.1% of the population were male and 51.9% were female
- 68.3% were from a Catholic background and 30.2% were from a Protestant background
For more details see: NI Neighbourhood Information Service
[edit] Education
[edit] Primary
- Armstrong Primary School
- Christian Brothers Primary School Armagh
- Collone Primary School
- The Drelincourt Primary School
- Drumhillery Primary School
- Mount St Catherine's Primary School
- St. Colmcille's Primary School
- St. Malachy's Primary School
- St. Patrick's Primary School
- Saints and Scholars Integrated Primary School
[edit] Post-primary
- Armagh Integrated College
- City of Armagh High School
- The Royal School, Armagh
- St Brigid's High School
- Saint Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh
- St Catherine's College Armagh
- Armagh College of Further and Higher Education
[edit] Transport
- Armagh acquired rail links to Belfast in 1848 (Armagh railway station opened on 1 March 1848)[2], Monaghan in 1858, Newry in 1864 and Keady in 1909. The line to Newry was closed in 1933, and all other lines to Armagh were closed on 1 October 1957[2].
- The Armagh rail disaster occurred on June 12, 1889 near Armagh on the line to Newry.
[edit] Sport
- Gaelic Football is the most supported and played sport in Armagh. The Armagh GAA team is ranked in the top three in Ireland with Tyrone and Kerry.
- In 2004, The Royal School, Armagh became only the second team in history to win both the school's rugby and hockey cups, in the same year.
- The City of Armagh Rugby Club[3] has also been very successful recently, winning the Junior Cup last year. Currently the firsts are top of their league.
- The Mall in Armagh has a long association with cricket, and it is on the Mall that the clubhouse of Armagh City Cricket club is situated.
- Armagh City Football Club currently play in the Irish League Premiership.
[edit] See also
- Book of Armagh
- List of towns in Northern Ireland
- List of villages in Northern Ireland
- Market Houses in Northern Ireland
[edit] References
- ^ DeBreffny, D & Mott, G (1976). The Churches and Abbeys of Ireland. London: Thames & Hudson, p60-61.
- ^ a b Armagh station. Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
- ^ City of Armagh Rugby Club website.
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
- Xpressions of Armagh - an interactive galleria which comprises assorted images of Armagh architecture, landscape and society.
- Guided Tours
- Online Guide to Armagh
- Architecture of Armagh
- Armagh Observatory
- Armagh Planetarium
- St. Catherine's College, Armagh
- St. Patricks Grammar School, Armagh
- The Royal School, Armagh
- Lisanally Special School, Armagh
- Armagh Pipers' Club
- Armagh Franciscan Friary
- Armagh History
- Armagh Businesses
- St Patrick's Cathedral
- Armagh Baptist Church
- Armagh City F.C.
- Armagh Public Library
- City of Armagh Rugby Club
- Armagh Harps Gaelic Football Club
- Armagh Free Presbyterian Church
|
||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
