Anthony McAuliffe
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| Anthony C. McAuliffe | |
|---|---|
| 1898 – 1976 (aged 77–78) | |
 General Anthony C. McAuliffe during World War II |
|
| Place of birth | Washington, D.C. |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1918-1956 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands held | U.S. Army Europe Seventh Army |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Cross |
General Anthony Clement McAuliffe (July 2, 1898 - August 11, 1975) was the United States Army general who commanded the defending 101st Airborne troops during the Battle of Bastogne, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge in World War II. He is famous for his single-word reply to a German surrender ultimatum: "Nuts!"
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[edit] History
Born in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1899, McAuliffe was a student at West Virginia University from 1916-17, and graduated from West Point in November of 1918. He rose through the ranks from Second Lieutenant in 1918 to General in 1955.
[edit] World War II
McAuliffe was serving as Commander of Division Artillery of the 101st Airborne Division when he parachuted into Normandy on D-Day and when he entered into Holland during Operation Market Garden in a glider. In December of 1944, when the German army launched their surprise offensive, General Maxwell D. Taylor, commander of the 101st Airborne Division, was attending a staff conference in the United States.
[edit] Battle of the Bulge
In Taylor's absence, acting command of the 101st and its attached troops fell to McAuliffe. At Bastogne the 101st was put under siege by a far-larger force of Germans under the command of General Heinrich Freiherr von Lüttwitz, who soon demanded that the Americans surrender. McAuliffe sent back to Lüttwitz his now-famous reply: "NUTS!" The 101st was able to hold off the German assault until the 4th Armored Division arrived to provide reinforcement. For his actions at Bastogne, McAuliffe was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by General Patton on December 30, 1944, followed later by the Distinguished Service Medal.
[edit] Post-war
After the Battle of the Bulge was over, McAuliffe was given command of his own division, the 103rd Infantry Division (United States) of the US 7th Army. He led the division from January 15, 1945 to July, 1945.
Following the war, McAuliffe held many positions, including the Chief Chemical Officer of the Army Chemical Corps, and G-1, Head of Army Personnel. He returned to Europe as Commander of the Seventh Army in 1953, and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army Europe in 1955. He was promoted to general on March 1, 1955.
[edit] Retirement
In 1956 he retired from the Army. He worked for American Cyanamid Corporation from 1956-63. At American Cyanamid, he was Vice President for Personnel. He began a program to teach employees to maintain contact with local politicians. The company now requires all branch managers to at least introduce themselves to local politicians.[1] McAuliffe also served as chairman of the New York State Civil Defense Commission from 1960-1963.
He resided in Chevy Chase, Maryland until his death on August 11, 1975, age 77, and is buried along with his wife, son, and daughter in Arlington National Cemetery.
[edit] "Nuts"
On December 22, 1944, General Heinrich Freiherr von Lüttwitz sent the following ultimatum to Gen. McAuliffe:
To the U.S.A. Commander of the encircled town of Bastogne.
The fortune of war is changing. This time the U.S.A. forces in and near Bastogne have been encircled by strong German armored units. More German armored units have crossed the river Our near Ortheuville, have taken Marche and reached St. Hubert by passing through Hompre-Sibret-Tillet. Libramont is in German hands.
There is only one possibility to save the encircled U.S.A. troops from total annihilation: that is the honorable surrender of the encircled town. In order to think it over a term of two hours will be granted beginning with the presentation of this note.
If this proposal should be rejected one German Artillery Corps and six heavy A. A. Battalions are ready to annihilate the U.S.A. troops in and near Bastogne. The order for firing will be given immediately after this two hours term.
All the serious civilian losses caused by this artillery fire would not correspond with the well-known American humanity.
The German Commander.
According to various accounts from those present, when McAuliffe was told of the German demand for surrender he said "Aw, nuts". At a loss for an official reply, Lt. Col. Kinnard suggested that his first remark summed the situation up well, which was agreed to by the others. The official reply: "To the German Commander, NUTS!, The American Commander" was typed and delivered by Colonel Harper and Major Jones to the German delegation. Harper had to explain the meaning of the word to the Germans.
[edit] Memorial
Route 33 in eastern Pennsylvania is called the Gen. Anthony Clement McAuliffe 101st Airborne Memorial Highway.
[edit] References
| Preceded by William M. Hoge |
Commanding General of U.S. Army Europe 1 February 1955 to 1 May 1956 |
Succeeded by Henry I. Hodes |
| Preceded by William M. Hoge |
Commanding General of the Seventh United States Army 29 September 1953 to 1 February 1955 |
Succeeded by Henry I. Hodes |
