Active Phased Array Radar
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- This article is about a specific radar model named APAR. For application of Active Phased Array Radar as generic term describing a type of radar, see Active Electronically Scanned Array.
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[edit] History
APAR (Active Phased Array Radar) is a shipborne multi-function radar (more specifically, an Active Electronically Scanned Array), developed and manufactured by Thales Nederland. The same company's SMART-L radar (which operates at L band frequencies) complements APAR, providing full volume search and tracking up to 400 km. The whole system is called Anti-Air Warfare Systems (AAWS) and is based on the NATO Anti-Air Warfare (NAAWS) concept of the late 1980s.
[edit] Characteristics
APAR has four fixed (i.e., non-rotating) sensor arrays (faces), fixed on a pyramidal structure. Each face consists of 3424 transmit/receive (TR) modules operating at X band frequencies.
The radar provides the following capabilities:
- air target tracking out to 150 km
- surface target tracking out to 32 km
- horizon search out to 75 km
- "limited" volume search (in order to back up the volume search capabilities of the SMART-L)
- cued search (a mode in which the search is cued using data originating from another sensor)
- surface gunfire support
- missile guidance using the Interrupted Continuous Wave Illumination (ICWI) technique, thus allowing up to 16 simultaneous engagements (guiding a total of up to 32 missiles simultaneously)
[edit] Mountings
APAR is installed on four Dutch LCF De Zeven Provinciën and three German F124 Sachsen class frigates. In August 2006, the Royal Danish Navy selected an anti-air warfare system designed around APAR and SMART-L over the competing BAE Systems SAMPSON Integrated Weapon System (SIWS) for their three new frigates, unofficially known as the Ivar Huitfeldt class. SIWS is based on SAMPSON multi-function and CEA-MOUNT fire control radars.
[edit] Live Missile Firings
APAR's missile guidance capability supports the Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (ESSM) and the SM-2 Block IIIA missile. In November 2003, the missile guidance capabilities were first tested with live firings. The firings were performed by the Royal Dutch Navy's HrMs De Zeven Provinciën and involved the firing of a single ESSM and a single SM-2 Block IIIA. These firings were the first ever live firings involving a ship-borne Active Electronically Scanned Array guiding missiles using the ICWI technique. In August 2004, the German Navy's Sachsen completed a series of live missile firings that included a total of 11 ESSM and 10 SM-2 Block IIIA missiles.
[edit] References
- Jane's International Defence Review, February 2004, "Missile Management: phased array MFRs go live"
- Jane's Navy International, October 2005, "APAR shines the guiding light"
