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In the 8th millennium BC, agriculture becomes widely practiced in the Fertile Crescent and Anatolia.
Pottery becomes widespread (with independent development in Central America) and animal husbandry (pastoralism) spreads to Africa and Eurasia. World population is approximately 5 million.
[edit] Events
- c. 8000 BC — Ice Age ends.
- c. 8000 BC — Upper Paleolithic period ends.
- c. 8000 BC — 7000 BC — Paleolithic-Neolithic overlap (Mesolithic).
- c. 8000 BC - 2300 BC - Neolithic period.
- c. 8000 BC — Settlement in Franchthi Cave in Pelopponese, Greece, continues. First evidence of seed and animal stocking (lentils, almonds) and obsidian trade with Melos. The settlement was continuously occupied since 20,000 BC and abandoned in 3,000 BC.
- c. 8000 BC — Settlements at Nevali Cori in present-day Turkey are established.
- c. 8000 BC — Settlements at Sagalassos in present-day southwest Turkey are established.
- c. 8000 BC — Settlements at Akure in present-day southwest Nigeria are established.
- c. 8000 BC — Settlements at Øvre Eiker and Nedre Eiker in present-day Buskerud, Norway are established.
- c. 8000 BC — Settlements at Ærø, Denmark are established.
- c. 8000 BC — Settlements at Deepcar near present-day Sheffield, England are established.
- c. 8000 BC — North American Arctic is inhabited by hunter-gatherers of the Paleo-Arctic Tradition.
- c. 8000 BC — Pre-Anasazi Paleo-Indians move into the Southwest United States.
- c. 8000 BC — Plano cultures inhabit the Great Plains area of North America (from 9th millennium)
- c. 8000 BC — World population: 5,000,000[1]
- c. 7500 BC —
- c. 7500 BC — Settlements at Sand, Applecross on the coast of Wester Ross, Scotland are constructed.
- c. 7500 BC — Çatalhöyük, a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, is founded.
- c. 7500 BC — Cattle Period begins in the Sahara.
- c. 7500 BC — Mesolithic hunter-gatherers are the first humans to reach Ireland.
- c. 7370 BC — End of the large settlement at Jericho.
- c. 7200–5000 BC — Ain Ghazal, Jordan is inhabited. 30 acres.
[edit] Environmental changes
[edit] Inventions, discoveries, introductions
- Rise of agriculture.
- Bladed tools found in southwest Iran date from around 8000 BC. They were made from Obsidian which had been transported from Anatolia. [2]
- Potatoes and beans are cultivated in South America
- Beginning of rice cultivation in East Asia
- Domestication of the cat and Bos aegyptiacus ox in Ancient Egypt
- Domestication of sheep in Southwest Asia
- Huts, hearths, granaries, and nonportable stone tools for grinding grains Africa
- Catal Huyuk, men wear animals skins, plus hats of the same material Asia
- Houses, kilns, pottery, turquoise carvings, tools made from stone and bone, and bone flutes China
- City located in Anatolia, (modern day Turkey) where a number of artifacts appear to support evidence for the widespread practice of Goddess worship
- Clay and plaster are molded to form statues at Jericho and cAin Ghazal Mediterranean
- First evidence of incised "counting tokens" about 9,000 years ago in the Neolithic fertile crescent. Asia
- Japanese potters begin to decorate pottery cooking vessels Japan
- Simple pottery traditions sometimes with cord impressions or other decorative markings Korea
- Agriculture in New Guinea Australia
- Evidence of wheat, barley, sheep, goats, and pigs suggests that a food-producing economy is adopted in Aegean Greece
- Franchthi Cave in the Argolid, Greece, attests to the earliest deliberate burials in Greece
- North Sea: North Sea bottoms are largely dry land before this period. England
- Archaic Period; Native Americans move seasonally around Vermont to live, hunt, gather, and fish
- Pottery making, burial mound construction, and garden technology Mexico
- In the valley of Mexico, chili peppers and "grain" (amaranth & maize) are grown.
- Glacial activity creates Champlain Sea; Paleo-Indians explore and hunt in Vermont
- World — Between 12,000 BC and 5,000 BC it appears that massive inland flooding was taking place in several regions of the world, making for subsequent sea level rises which could be relatively abrupt for many worldwide
[edit] Cultural landmarks
[edit] References
- ^ an average of figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's Historical Estimates of World Population
- ^ Roberts, J: "History of the World.". Penguin, 1994.
