Września
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| Września | |||
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  Września
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Poland |
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| Voivodeship | Greater Poland | ||
| County | Września County | ||
| Gmina | Gmina Września | ||
| Established | 1256 | ||
| Town rights | 1375 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Tomasz Kałużny | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 12.73 km² (4.9 sq mi) | ||
| Highest elevation | 110 m (361 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 90 m (295 ft) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - Total | 28,617 | ||
| - Density | 2,248/km² (5,822.3/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 62-300 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 61 | ||
| Car plates | PWR | ||
| Website: http://www.wrzesnia.pl | |||
Września [ˈvʐɛɕɲa] (German: Wreschen) is a town in central Poland with 28,600 inhabitants (1995).
It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Poznań Voivodeship (1975-1998), on the Wrzesnica River.
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[edit] History
The city was first mentioned in 1256. Early sources speak of Wressna (1317) or Wresna (1364). Września was granted town privileges in the 14th century. The town was burned down 1664 (other sources speak of 1656) in the war against Sweden. The majority of inhabitants were Poles, but since mid-17th century there have also been German settlements. The city fell to Prussia in 1793, following the second Partition of Poland. In 1807 it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw, but fell back to Prussia in 1815. In late-1918 unrest occurred in Września against the German inhabitants. In 1920, the city became part of the Second Polish Republic. On September 10. 1939 Germans occupied the city. The Synagogue was destroyed by the Nazis in 1940. During the War camp was erected for French POWs. The Red Army reached the city in 1945, and Września became Polish again.
[edit] Jewish Wreschen
Wreschen's Jewish community formerly ranked among the largest of southern Prussia, and is mentioned as one of the congregations which suffered severely during the persecutions of the years 1648-1651.All the early documents were destroyed in the conflagration of 1873, in which the synagogue, an old wooden building, also was burned. The gravestones of the ancient cemetery, which has been closed that year, afford no historical data, since the great majority of the older inscriptions have been obliterated.
Among the members of the community special mention may be made of Rabbi Ẓebi Hirsch b. Aaron Mirels, and his father Rabbi Aaron Mirels (Kaufmann, "Die Letzte Vertreibung der Juden aus Wien und Niederösterreich", pp. 79 et seq., Vienna, 1889), and the Bible commentator Rabbi Meïr Löb Malbim.
Ẓebi Mirels, who was called also Hirsch Aaron London, was the author of the "Mispar Ẓeba'am", and presented a Hebrew hymn to General Möllendorf when the latter was sent by the Prussian king Frederick William II. to receive the allegiance of the new province of southern Prussia ("Das Jahr 1793", p. 16, note, Posen, 1895). Rabbi Aaron Mirels, the author of the "Bet Aharon", is buried in the cemetery at Hirschberg in Silesia. In Wreschen, Malbim wrote his first work, the collection of annotations on the first chapters of the Shulḥan 'Aruk, Oraḥ Ḥayyim, which laid the foundation of his renown as a scholar. In Wreschen, moreover, the musical director Louis Lewandowski was born April 3, 1821.
In 1905 the Jewish population of Wreschen numbered 490 out of a total population of 5,435.
[edit] Września school strike of 1901
Września is known in Poland for a school strike by Polish children in May 1901 in response to the intensification of Germanization (i.e. prohibition of the Polish language at school). Polish language had long been tolerated at the schools, so the introduction of German as mandatory language led to protests. The controversy led to drawn-out protests between parents and authorities. For refusing to speak German, Polish children were severely beaten by Prussian teachers for several hours. Parents who tried to break into the school and protect their children from Prussian teachers were punished later by a Prussian court stating that their actions were "atrocious acts against the state".[1] The strike spread to neighboring cities and eventually ended in 1904.
[edit] Education
- Wyższa Szkoła Handlu i Rachunkowości w Poznaniu, Wydział Zamiejscowy we Wrześni
[edit] People
- Zygmunt Gorgolewski
- Louis Lewandowski, Jewish musician
- Rabbi Malbim
- Mirels Rabbinical family
- Jarosław Kukulski Polish composer
[edit] See also
- Września County
- Kreis Wreschen / Landkreis Wreschen
[edit] External links
- Września
- Poland-wide competition for school children, dedicated to the one-hundredth anniversary of the school strike in Września
[edit] References
This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain.
- Article on JewishEncyclopedia.com By: Gotthard Deutsch & M. Lewin
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