User:WMThomas/my sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

At the very top of an article is the lead section; Name of the Article is always bolded. Bolding is done by placing three apostrophes on each side of the text. Except for the article name, it is seldom used in articles.

Contents

[edit] Section heading, level 2

A "level 2" heading is one with a pair of equal signs on either side. It's the highest level used in articles. If you enter a Level 1 heading, it will work, but you'd be wrong to do so.

[edit] Section heading, level 3

Level 2 and level 3 headings are very common in articles. Level 4 is less common; levels 5 and 6 are not used. Levels 3 and 4 are sometimes called "subsection headings."

[edit] Another subsection

Next, let's italicize some text by putting two apostrophes on each side. Italicizing text is typically used for the name of a newspaper or magazine; it's almost never used in articles for emphasis, because emphasis isn't the neutral point of view that Wikipedia strives for.

[edit] A section to practice footnoting

This section is to practice footnoting. [1]

[edit] A section to practice deleting

This section is practice deleting text at a future log-in.

[edit] A section to practice pasting text from Word

This is sample text to test the cut and pasting of text from Word to Wikipedia. What font will be adopted by Wikipedia? Will the font in the source be transferred to the Wikipedia page? Here is a fake reference to see what happens.[2]

[edit] Multiple references to the same source

This section is to practice multiple references to the same source.[3] This sentence is the second reference.[3] And this final sentence is the third reference.[3]

[edit] A section to practice multiple references to same source on new computer

This section is to practice multiple references to the same source document.[4] Here is a second reference to the same source.[4] And here is a third one.[4]

[edit] Doheny's early career

Doheny graduated from high school at age 15 as the valedictorian of his class. [5] Following his father’s death several months after his graduation, he was employed by the U.S. Geological Survey, and in 1873 was sent to Kansas with a party surveying and subdividing the Kiowa-Comanche lands. The following year he left the Geological Survey to pursue his fortune prospecting, first in the Black Hills of South Dakota and then in Arizona Territory. By 1880 he was in the Black Mountains of southwestern New Mexico, then part of Arizona Territory, living in the rough, silver- mining town of Kingston, prospecting, mining, and buying and trading mining claims. During his time in Kingston he met two men who would play important roles in his later life—Albert Fall, the future Secretary of the Interior, and his business partner Charles A. Canfield. It was also during this time that he met and married his first wife, Carrie Louella Wilkins, on August 7, 1883.

Doheny and Canfield together worked the former’s Mount Chief Mine with little success, and thus in 1886 Canfield prospected further in the Kingston area, leasing and developing with great success the Comstock Mine, not to be confused with the Comstock Lode of Virginia City, Nevada. Doheny declined to join him in this venture, and whereas Canfield made a small fortune from it, Doheny was reduced eventually to doing odd jobs to support his family. [5]

In the Spring of 1891, Doheny left New Mexico with his wife and daughter, and moved to Los Angeles, attracted by Canfield’s success in Los Angeles real estate. Canfield had previously left New Mexico with $110,000 in cash from his Comstock Mine venture, a sum that he parlayed into extensive real estate holdings during the Los Angeles boom of the later 1880s. With the collapse of the speculative fever, lost his wealth and land holdings and by the time Doheny arrived in Los Angeles in 1891, Canfield was deeply in debt. Briefly they tried their prospecting luck in San Diego, forming there the Pacific Gold and Silver Extracting Company, but returned to Los Angeles soon thereafter without achieving success.[5] [Begin here the existing text.]

[edit] Discovery of the Los Angeles City oil field

Doheny was attracted by a prominent seep located at XXX, and with $400 borrowed from friend and former mining associate Charles A. Canfield, purchased a lot at the northeast corner of XX and XX. On November 4, 1892, they began digging a four-by-six foot shaft with pick and shovel, shoring it up with timbers as they dug. At a depth of 155, the presence of oil and gas prevented further digging by hand and the well was completed using a eucalyptus log as a percussion bit. Upon its completion after 40 days, the well initially produced seven barrels per day of 14-degree gravity petroleum. [6]


Although Doheny can be credited with the effective discovery of the Los Angles City oil field and initiating the subsequent southern California oil boom, his was not the first well in the field. As early as 1857, a well was dug to an unknown depth in the western portion of the field south and west of Coronado and Third Streets. Locally known as the Dryden well, it produced considerable amounts of heavy oil initially and then, over the next 35 years, minor amounts of tar and brea, which was sold to the City of Los Angeles for $2 a ton to oil the city streets. A later, and unsuccessful, attempt in 1865 was made to obtain petroleum from a well dug to 390 feet at the corner of Temple and Boylston Streets.[6] Around 1890, two groups of wells were drilled, nine in the Maltman tract in the northwest portion of the field, and twelve in the Ruhland tract a few blocks west of the oil seeps at Westlake (now MacArthur) Park. The relatively small production from both groups of wells discouraged further exploration in the western portion of the field.[6]

[edit] Nu Alpha Phi (Pomona College) for working revision

ΝΑΦ, (Nu Alpha Phi, Nappy, Nappies) is a non-national, co-educational fraternal organization of Pomona College in Claremont, California. Originally founded in 1920 as an all-male organization to promote brotherhood in Christ; Christian brotherhood is no longer a part of the organization, and since 1976[1], it has been co-educational, welcoming brothers and sisters from diverse creeds and origins. Nappy provides opportunities to learn about responsibility, give back to the community, and socialize under the fraternal and sororal auspices of the organization. Nu Alpha Phi continues to grow and spread its brotherhood across the nation, positively impacting the surrounding communities.

[edit] Downey history

In 1784, Governor Pedro Fages granted to former solider Manuel Nieto (1734-1804) the largest of the land concessions made during the Spanish control of California. Its 300,000 acres (1,200 km²) stretched from the Santa Ana River on the east to the Old San Gabriel River (now the Rio Hondo and Los Angeles River) on the west, and from the mission highway (approximately Whittier Boulevard) on the north to the ocean on the south. Its acreage was slightly reduced later at the insistence of Mission San Gabriel on whose lands it infringed. The Spanish concessions, of which 25 were made in California, were unlike the later Mexican land grants in that title was not transferred, but were similar to grazing permits with the title remaining with the Spanish crown. [7]

The Rancho Los Nietos passed to Manuel Nieto's four children upon his death and remained intact until, in 1833, his heirs petitioned Mexican Governor José Figueroa to partition the property. The northwestern portion of the original rancho, comprising the Downey-Norwalk area, was granted as Rancho Santa Gertrudes to Josefa Cota, the widow of Manuel's son, Antonio Nieto. At approximately 21,000 acres (85 km²), Santa Gertrudes was itself a sizable rancho and conatined the old Nietos homestead, which was a center of social life east of the pueblo of Los Angeles.[8]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Thomas, W. M., 1979, The stability relations of the amphibole hastingsite. American Journal Science, 142: 47-69
  2. ^ Thomas, W. M., 2008, Text reference. Journal of Fake References, 1: 1-47
  3. ^ a b c Thomas, W. M. Journal of Multiple References 2008 46:33-45.
  4. ^ a b c Thomas, W. M. (2008) Multiple References Made Easy
  5. ^ a b c Davis, Margaret L. (1998). Dark Side of Fortune: Triumph and Scandal in the Life of Oil Tycoon Edward L. Doheny. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. ISBN 0-520-22909-6.
  6. ^ a b c Crowder, R. E. (1961). California Oil Fields: Summary of Operations vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 67-78. San Francisco: California Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas
  7. ^ Beck, Warren A., Haase, Ynez D. (1974). Historical Atlas of California. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  8. ^ Quinn, Charles Russell (1973). The History of Downey, California Published by Elena Quinn; copyright by City of Downey, California.
  • [2] Oak Leaf, December 1996. Retrieved on 05-09-08.