Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems

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Wind-diesel Hybrid Power Systems are designed to provide electrical generating capacity to remote communities and facilities that are not linked to a power grid. In remote communities previously, diesel-engine linked generating sets have often been the sole source of power as they offer a high degree of reliability. The introduction of wind-diesel hybrid systems reduces reliance on diesel fuel, which creates pollution and is costly to transport.

Contents

[edit] History

Wind-diesel generating systems have been under development and trialled in a number of locations during the latter part of the 20th century. A growing number of viable sites have now been developed with increased reliability of the systems. This is key to their success, as minimizing the cost of technical support in remote communities is vital for the ongoing development and implementation of this technology.

[edit] Technology

The successful integration of wind energy with diesel generating sets relies on complex controls to ensure correct sharing of intermittent wind energy and controllable diesel generation to meet the demand of the usually variable load.

The common measure of performance for wind diesel systems is Wind Penetration which is the ratio between Wind Power and Total Power delivered, e.g. 60% wind penetration implies that 60% of the system power comes from the wind. Wind Penetration figures can be either peak or long term. Sites such as Mawson, Coral Bay and Bremer Bay have peak wind penetrations of around 90%.

Technical solutions to the varying wind output include controlling wind output using variable speed Wind Turbines (e.g. Enercon, Denham), controlling demand such as the heating load (e.g. Mawson),storing energy in a flywheel (e.g. Powercorp, Coral Bay).

Some installations are now being converted to Wind Hydrogen systems such as Ramea which is due for completion in 2008

[edit] Isolated communities using Wind-Diesel systems

Isolated communities utilizing commercial Wind-Diesel hybrid systems with significant proportion from wind

Community Country Diesel MW Wind MW Population Date Commissioned Wind Penetration (peak) Notes
Mawson[1] Antarctica 0.48 MW 0.60 MW 2003 >90%
Bremer Bay[2] Australia 1.28 MW 0.60 MW 240 2005 >90%
Cocos[3] Australia 1.28 MW 0.08 MW 628
Coral Bay Australia 2.24 MW 0.60 MW 2007 93%
Denham[4] Australia 2.61 MW 1.02 MW 600 1998 >70%
Esperance[5] Australia 14.0 MW 3.60 MW 2003
Hopetoun[6] Australia 1.37 MW 0.60 MW 350 2004 >90%
King Island (Tasmania) Australia 2.50 MW Flow battery storage system
Rottnest Island [7] Australia 0.64 MW 0.60 MW 2005
Thursday Island, Queensland Australia 0.45 MW
Ramea[8] Canada 2.78 MW 0.40 MW 600 2003 Being converted to Wind Hydrogen
Sal Cape Verde 2.82 MW 0.60 MW 2001 14%
Mindelo Cape Verde 11.20 MW 0.90 MW 14%
Alto Baguales Chile 16.9 MW 2.00 MW 18,703 2002 20% 4.6 MW hydro
Dachen Island[9] China 1.30 MW 0.15 MW 15%
Berasoli[10] Eritrea 0.08 MW 0.03 MW Under tender
Rahaita Eritrea 0.08 MW 0.03 MW Under tender
Heleb Eritrea 0.08 MW 0.03 MW Under tender
Osmussaare[11] Estonia 0.40 MW 2002
Kythnos Greece 2.77 MW 0.31 MW
Lemnos Greece 10.40 MW 1.14 MW
La Désirade Guadeloupe 0.88 MW 0.14 MW 40%
Sagar Island[12] India 0.28 MW 0.50 MW
Marsabit Kenya 0.30 MW 0.15 MW 46%
Frøya Norway 0.05 MW 0.06 MW 100%
Batanes[13] Philippines 1.25 MW 0.18 MW 2004
Flores Island[14] Portugal 0.60 MW 60%
Graciosa Island Portugal 3.56 MW 0.80 MW 60%
Cape Clear Island Republic of Ireland. 0.07 MW 0.06 MW 100 70%
Fuerteventura Spain 0.15 MW 0.23 MW
Foula UK 0.05 MW 0.06 MW 31 70%
Rathlin Island UK 0.26 MW 0.99 MW 100%
Toksook Bay[15] USA 1.1 MW 0.30 MW 500 2006
Kasigluk[16] USA 1.1 MW 0.30 MW 500 2006
Wales[17] USA 0.40 MW 160 2002 100%
St. Paul, Alaska[18] USA 0.30 MW 0.23 MW 100%
Kotzebue, Alaska USA 11.00 MW 1999 35%

[edit] See Also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

[edit] Power generation

[edit] Green energy

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/publications/pubs/wind-power.pdf
  2. ^ wind-australia-wa
  3. ^ http://www.pcorp.com.au/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=50
  4. ^ Renewable Energy Commercialisation in Australia - Wind Projects - Advanced high-penetration wind-diesel power system
  5. ^ Fed: Govt announces $5 m for wind farm | Article from AAP General News (Australia) | HighBeam Research
  6. ^ Region - Building WA - Making decisions for the future
  7. ^ World of Energy
  8. ^ untitled
  9. ^ Isolated Systems with Wind Power An Implementation Guideline
  10. ^ wind4africa - Expression of Interest: Wind Energy Applications in Eritrea
  11. ^ IngentaConnect New Wind-Diesel System on Osmussaare
  12. ^ Untitled Document
  13. ^ Clean Air Initiative: Asia
  14. ^ Powercorp Alaska: News and Events
  15. ^ Alaska Village Electric Cooperative
  16. ^ Alaska Village Electric Cooperative
  17. ^ EnergyStorm - Wales, Alaska High Penetration Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System: Theory of Operation
  18. ^ http://www.aidea.org/aea/EnergyPolicyTaskForce/Flowers01-30-04AnchAK.pdf

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