White Witch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Narnia character | |
 Jadis, the White Witch. Art by Leo and Diane Dillon. |
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| Jadis, the White Witch | |
|---|---|
| Race/Nation | The people of Charn / Charn |
| Gender | Female |
| Title | Her Imperial Majesty Jadis, Queen of Narnia, Chatelaine of Cair Paravel, Empress of the Lone Islands |
| Birthplace | presumably Charn |
| Family | Royal family of Charn |
| Major character in | |
| The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | |
| The Magician's Nephew | |
| Portrayals in Adaptations | |
| 1988 BBC miniseries: Barbara Kellerman 2005 Disney film: Tilda Swinton |
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Jadis, the White Witch is the main villain of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the first published book in C. S. Lewis' Chronicles of Narnia series, and the second chronologically. Jadis also appears at length in The Magician's Nephew, which concerns her origins and the origins of Narnia.
A short biographical sketch added to the books by later editors have led some readers to conclude that Jadis and the Lady of the Green Kirtle from The Silver Chair are the same person; but there is no suggestion to that effect in Lewis's writing.
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[edit] Character history
The White Witch was born before the creation of Narnia, Narnian year 0, and died in battle in Narnian year 1000.
In The Magician's Nephew, Jadis is revealed to be a native of Charn, where she descended from a long line of kings and queens. (Charn is in a different world entirely from Narnia.) This line began well, but grew progressively malevolent over many generations. Jadis, having destroyed Charn, leaves it for the world of Narnia, passing through the Wood between the Worlds, an endless forest filled with pools of water that act as portals to other worlds, including the worlds of Earth and Narnia. While in the Wood, she appears to lose health, strength, and magical ability. Charn is destroyed so utterly that when Jadis leaves its pool in the Wood, the pool dries to nothing. Once in the world of Narnia, Jadis travels to the north, becoming the first of the "Northern Witches".
In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, she has usurped power over Narnia, having magically forced the land into an "endless winter" during her reign, which at the beginning of the book had lasted for a hundred years. Even though it had been winter for so long, the Witch prevents Christmas from ever coming during that time.
During her reign, the White Witch is styled "Her Imperial Majesty Jadis, Queen of Narnia, Chatelaine of Cair Paravel, Empress of the Lone Islands". She makes two claims which, if true, might have given her authority to rule over Narnia. The first is that she is human. At the beginning of Narnia, Aslan gave "sons of Adam and daughters of Eve" dominion over all the beasts and magical creatures of Narnia. (Narnian dwarfs are not considered to be human, even though they can and do reproduce with humans; they are referred to as "Sons of Earth".) Although the White Witch appears human (despite her irregular skin color and abnormal height), Narnian rumor holds that she descends from Adam's first wife, Lilith, and was half-Jinn and half-giantess, and thus not even partially human. The Magician's Nephew, by contrast, recounts her origin on Charn; but whether the people of Charn are human is never addressed.
The witch's second claim is that she is a servant of the Emperor-Over-the-Sea and rules with his blessing. This is at best a half-truth: she is the first to rebel in Narnia, and by the workings of the Deep Magic she is given ownership of all traitors and the right to kill them. For this reason, Mr. Beaver characterizes her as the Emperor's hangman (though Aslan rebukes him for saying this). The Witch favors the Stone Table for her executions.
It is explained to the Pevensies that, according to an ancient prophecy, when two sons of Adam and two daughters of Eve fill the four thrones at Cair Paravel as Kings and Queens of Narnia, the reign of the White Witch and the endless winter would end. The White Witch is aware of the prophecy, and employs spies to tell her of any human that came to Narnia. While there are other humans in the world of Narnia at the time of the first book — humans descended from the original King Frank and Queen Helen populate Archenland, Calormen, and the island kingdoms — humans are completely unknown in occupied Narnia, to the extent that the Narnians think them mythological.
The White Witch's most notorious deed, aside from uttering the Deplorable Word in Charn, is killing Aslan on the Stone Table (as a surrogate for Edmund), her right by the Deep Magic. Aslan returns to life by Deeper Magic, and in the subsequent battle, Aslan leaps upon the Witch and kills her, ending her reign of terror.
In Prince Caspian, Nikabrik (a dwarf), a hag, and a wer-wolf (to use Lewis's spelling) plan to bring back the Witch using black sorcery in their bid to defeat King Miraz, but their plan backfires when they are killed in a fight with the title character and his allies.
In The Silver Chair, she is called one of the "Northern Witches", along with the Lady of the Green Kirtle, who Glimfeather (the Owl) speculates may be "of the same crew" as the White Witch, though Jadis was the only survivor of Charn.
[edit] Characteristics
In her own dominion, Charn, Jadis is formidable; but she finds her magic largely useless in other worlds. She eventually strengthens her powers and usurps the throne of Narnia, using her magic to cast the land into perpetual winter. Her most feared weapon is her wand, whose magic is capable of turning people into stone. The petrified remains of her enemies decorate the halls of her castle.
An extraordinarily beautiful and imposing woman, Jadis' beauty enchants both Digory Kirke and Edmund Pevensie on first encounters. She is also physically powerful and amazonian, capable of breaking iron with her bare hands and lifting human beings off their feet. Unlike her magic, she retains her superhuman strength in other worlds (except in the Wood between the Worlds). She is seven feet tall, as were all members of the Royal Family of Charn, and once she has eaten the Fruit of Everlasting Life, her skin becomes as white as paper. A natural-born sorceress and a cunning strategist, Jadis is arrogant and cruel, considering herself above all rules and viewing others as tools to be used or obstacles to be demolished. Her callousness is most clearly demonstrated when she uses the Deplorable Word in Charn to vanquish her sister, even though the Word would eradicate all life in that world but her own. She prefers to destroy that entire world than submit to her sister's authority, and afterwards shows a remorseless pride in her actions.
The White Witch's Narnian followers include Wolves, Dwarfs, Giants, Werewolves, some of the Tree Spirits, Ghouls, Boggles, Ogres, Minotaurs, Cruels, Hags, Spectres, People of the Toadstools, Incubi, Wraiths, Vicious Plants, Horrors, Orknies, Efreets, Evil Sprites, Wooses, Ettins, Giant Bats, Vultures, and Evil Apes.
The various movie versions add other creatures to her army:
- In the 1979 animated movie: a Bigfoot-like creature and an Ostrich-like creature.
- In the 1988 miniseries: Barbarians, Dark Samurais, Lichs, Hyenas, and Lizard Men.
- In the 2005 movie: White Tigers, Goblins, Harpies and Cyclops Ragers, two Polar Bears who pulled her chariot, Minoboars, and Ankle-slicers. In concept art for the movie, Manticores and Succubi were intended for the White Witch's army.
[edit] Etymology
For the name 'Jadis', Lewis may have taken the French word jadis[citation needed] (IPA: [ʒadis]), which means "of old" or "once upon a time" — a customary opening in French fairy tales. It has also been suggested that the source may have been the Turkish word cadı IPA: [dʒadɯ][dubious ] which means "witch". (Compare also Farsi جادو jâdu 'witchcraft', جادوگر jâdugar 'witch'.)
[edit] Portrayals
American actress Beth Porter provided the voice of the White Witch for the 1979 animated television adaptation of The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (for the British release, Sheila Hancock's voice was dubbed in).
In the 1988 BBC miniseries The Chronicles of Narnia, the White Witch was played by Barbara Kellerman. In a later episode, Kellerman was cast in the role as the Lady of the Green Kirtle, as the limited budget of the miniseries caused the BBC to re-use several other actors and actresses in multiple roles. Due to this, some readers believe that the White Witch and Green Lady are the same person, especially due to a lack of back story given to the Green Lady. However, this was never explicitly supported in the writings of Lewis.
In the 2005 Walt Disney Pictures feature film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, she was portrayed by British actress Tilda Swinton. Swinton's performance won particular acclaim among fans and critics. BBC film critic Stella Papamichael wrote:[1]
| “ | As the cold hearted White Witch, Tilda Swinton sets the tempo for this bracing adventure. She is a pristine picture of evil, like the spectre of Nazism that forces the children out of London to the sanctuary of a country manor. | ” |
Tilda Swinton reprises her role as The White Witch in the Disney film The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (released 2008). In a scene exclusive to the movie, the trio that planned to resurrect the Witch in the novel manage to conjure up an apparition of her form behind a mythical wall of ice. The Witch says that she needs a drop of Adam's blood to live again, which she tries to take from Caspian and then Peter. However, Edmund shatters the ice before the Witch can completely materialize. It is unknown yet whether Swinton will return to play the character in a film adaptation of The Magician's Nephew.
In the parody film Epic Movie the main antagonist is the White Bitch of Gnarnia, a parody of Jadis portrayed by Jennifer Coolidge.[2]
Jadis the White Witch appears in the Robot Chicken episode "Robot Chicken's Half-Assed Christmas Special", voiced by Emma Caulfield. Her sleigh happens upon the nerd who kills Mr. Tumnus, and she invites him to her palace. She then entices him to go on a mission to eliminate Aslan.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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