User:Watti Renew

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The glaciers of Norway react strongly to atmospheric warming by enhanced melt, p.117 In Norway the increased winter snow fall 1992-5 reduced fish growth by 50%, p.209. Glaciers in the European Alps reached their maximum around year 1850. The loss was 50% by 2000, p.136. The Himalayas provide water to people through Asia and influence the lives of 40% of the world’s population, p.130. The Himalaya is the source of the Yangtse, Mekong, Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus (p.227, Kathmandu, Nepal). Agriculture consumes 90% of water resources. During dry years, the input of glacier water could be as high as 70–80% and 20–40% in normal years. Since 2000 they have been retreating considerably, p.135. New York City is especially vulnerable to major hurricanes, p.174.



UNEP: Last Stand of Orangutan report 2/2007:
At current rates of intrusion into Indonesian national parks, it is likely that many protected rain forests will already be severely degraded in three to five years, that is by 2012. Orangutans are native to Indonesia and Malaysia. Their survival is seriously endangered by illegal logging, forest fires including those associated with the rapid spread of palm oil plantations, illegal hunting and trade. Given the rate of deforestation in the past five years, and recent widespread investment in oil palm plantations and biodiesel refineries, we have state of emergency. An estimated 73–88% of all timber logged in Indonesia is illegal. The mills have a capacity of two to five times greater than the legal supply of timber. One Dutch and another British power company have pledged to stop using palm oil. But the legal and illegal spread of oil palm plantations, and development of biodiesel refineries, continues. Protected areas are being destroyed to feed an international market for wood products and vegetable oil. Given the extent and severity of the intrusions into protected areas and the international involvement in the theft of timber and land from these reserves, the situation must now be characterized as a state of emergency.


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Wind Power in Europe 2006 (MW)
No Land Addition Total
1 Germany 2,233 20,622
2 Spain 1,587 11,615
3 France 810 1,567
4 Portugal 694 1 716
5 United Kingdom 634 1 963
6 Italy 417 2,123
7 Netherlands 356 1,560
8 Ireland 250 745
9 Greece 173 746
10 Austria 146 965
11 Poland 69 152
12 Sweden 62 572
13 Lithuania 49 55
14 Hungary 43 61
15 Belgium 26 193
16 Czech Republic 22 50
17 Bulgaria 22 32
18 Denmark & F.I. 11 3 140
19 Finland 4 86
20 Romania 1 3
21 Luxembourg 0 35
22 Estonia 0 32
23 Latvia 0 27
24 Slovenia 0 5
25 Slovakia 0 0
26 Cyprus 0 0
27 Malta 0 0
EU27 (MW) 7,609 48,061
28 Norway 47 314
Europe (MW) 7,708 48,545
Wind power in the European Union‎
Country Megawatts (MW) Growth in 2006 (MW) Target 2010 (MW)
Germany[1] 20,622 2,233 30,000*
Spain[2][3] 11,615 1,587 20,000 a)
Denmark[4] 3,136 5,000 c)
Italy[3] 2,123 417 9,500 b)
UK[4] 1,963 634 6,000 c)
Portugal[5] 1,716 694 5,100
France[3] 1,567 810 13,500
Netherlands[4] 1,560 356 2,500 c)
Austria 965 146 965 d)
Greece 746 173 746 d)
Total 46,013 93,311
* = prediction, a) 2010-11 b) 2012 c) d) already 2006
Solar heating in Europe* (kWth)[6]
Land Total
kWth		 2006 2005 2004
Germany 5,637,800 1,050,000 665,000 525 000
Greece 2,301,040 168,000 154,350 150,500
Austria 1,828,139 204,868 163,429 127,816
Italy 598,661 130,200 88,941 68,417
Spain 491 516 122 500 74,760 63,000
France 430,920 154,000 85,050 36,400
Cyprus 392,140 42,000 35,000 21,000
Switzerland 310,484 36,304 27,392 21,812
Denmark 253,596 17,710 14,875 14,000
Netherlands 222,909 10,280 14,174 18,410
UK 175 644 37,800 19,600 17,500
Sweden 165,850 19,977 15,835 14,041
Portugal 126,665 14,000 11,200 7,000
Poland 117,264 28,980 19,390 20,230
Slovenia 76,510 4,830 3,360 1,260
Czech Republic 74 711 15 421 10 885 8 575
Belgium 72,883 24,945 14,164 10,290
Slovakia 50,925 5,950 5,250 3,850
Romania 48,370 280 280 280
Bulgaria 17,570 1,540 1,400 1,260
Malta 16,702 3,150 2,800 2,951
Finland 11,545 2,380 1,668 1,141
Luxembourg 11,130 1,750 1,330 1,190
Ireland 11,053 3,500 2,450 1,400
Hungary 4,375 700 700 1 050
Latvia 2 ,695 840 700 350
Lithuania 1,925 420 350 350
Estonia 784 210 175 175
EU27+CH
GWth		 13.45 2.10 1.43 1.14
* = The relation between collector area and capacity: m2 = 0.7 kWthermal


Solar heating 2005[7]
Country mio m2 GWth
China 79.3 55.5
EU 16.0 11.2
Turkey 8.1 5.7
Japan 7.2 5.0
Israel 4.7 3.3
Brazil 2.3 1.6
United States 2.3 1.6
Australia 1.7 1.2
India 1.5 1.1
World 125* 88*
* = without swimming pools: 23 GWth (2004)


Pellet Use (ton)[8]
Land 2006
Sweden 1,400,000
Italy 550,000
Germany 450,000
Austria 400,000
Denmark * n. 400,000
Finland* n. 50,000
*Households 2005.[9]
PV in EU(MWp)[10]
No Country 2006 2005
1 Germany 3 063 1 910
2 Spain 118.1 57.6
3 Italy 57.9 46.3
4 Netherlands 51.2 50.8
5 France 32.7 26.3
6 Austria 29.0 24.0
7 Luxembourg 23.6 23.6
8 UK 13.6 10.9
9 Greece 6.7 5.4
10 Sweden 4.9 4.2
11 Belgium 4.2 2.1
12 Finland 4.1 4.0
13 Portugal 3.5 3.0
14 Denmark 2.9 2.7
15 Cyprus 1.0 0.5
16 Czech Rep. 0.8 0.5
17 Poland 0.4 0.3
18 Slovenia 0.4 0.2
19 Ireland 0.3 0.3
20 Hungary 0.2 0.2
21 Slovakia 0.1 0.1
22 Malta 0.1 0.1
23 Lithuania 0.1 0.1
EU27 GWp 3.42 2.17
Electricity from biogas (GWh)[11]
Country 2006 2005
Germany 7,338 4,708
UK 4,997 4,690
Italy 1,234 1,198
Spain 675 620
Greece 579 179
France 501 483
Austria 410 70
Netherlands 286 286
Denmark 285 275
Poland 241 175
Belgium 237 240
Czech Republic 175 161
Ireland 108 106
Sweden 54 54
Portugal 33 35
Luxembourg 33 27
Slovenia 32 32
Hungary 22 25
Finland 22 22
Estonia 7 7
Slovakia 4 4
Malta 0 0
EU (GWh) 17,272 13,397
Biogas in EU 2006 (GWh)[11]
Country Total Landfill Sludge Other
Germany 22,370 6,670 4,300 11,400
UK 19,720 17,620 2,100 0
Italy 4,110 3,610 10 490
Spain 3,890 2,930 660 300
France 2,640 1,720 870 50
Netherlands 1,380 450 590 340
Austria 1,370 130 40 1 200
Denmark 1,100 170 270 660
Poland 1 090 320 770 10
Belgium 970 590 290 90
Greece 810 630 180 0
Finland 740 590 150 0
Czech Republic 700 300 360 40
Ireland 400 290 60 50
Sweden 390 130 250 10
Hungary 120 0 90 40
Portugal 110 0 0 110
Luxembourg 100 0 0 100
Slovenia 100 80 10 10
Slovakia 60 0 50 10
Estonia 10 10 0 0
Malta 0 0 0 0
EU (GWh) 62,200 36,250 11,050 14,900
Production of Bioethanol in EU (GWh)[12]
No Country 2006 2005
1 Germany 2,554 978
2 Spain 2,382 1,796
3 France 1,482 853
4 Sweden 830 907
5 Italy 759 47
6 Poland 711 379
7 Hungary 201 207
8 Lithuania 107 47
9 Netherlands 89 47
10 Czech Republic 89 0
11 Latvia 71 71
12 Finland 0 77
27 Total 9,274 5,411
100 l bioethanol = 79,62 kg, 1 tonne bioethanol = 0,64 toe
Consumption of Bioethanol in EU (GWh)[12]
No Country 2006 2005
1 Germany 3,573 1,682
2 Sweden 1,895 1,681
3 France 1,747 871
4 Spain 1,332 1,314
5 Poland 611 329
6 UK 561 502
7 Netherlands 238 0
8 Hungary 125 28
9 Lithuania 99 10
10 Czech Rep. 14 0
11 Finland 9 0
12 Ireland 8 0
13 Italy 0 59
14 Latvia 0 5
27 EU 10,210 6,481
1 toe = 11,63 MWh

[edit] References

  1. ^ ReportWindkraft, IG Metall 4/2005
  2. ^ ren21 2006, 2005: Record year for investments in renewable energy REN21: Renewables Global Status Report 2006 Update, REN21 Paris and Washington, DC, 18.7.2006
  3. ^ a b c Wind energy barometer 2007 - EurObserv’ER Systèmes solaires Le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 177, s. 71-90, 2/2007, Italy note: In order to reach 25 % RE of electricity (2012) “National Wind Power Association”
  4. ^ a b c Prioritising Wind Energy Research Prioritising Wind Energy Research, Strategic Research Agenda of the Wind Energy Sector European Wind Energy Association EWEA 5/2005, (2003 ennuste)
  5. ^ Photovoltaic power systems programme Annual report 2006
  6. ^ Solar Thermal Markets in Europe, Trends and market statistics 2006 European Solar Thermal Industry Federation ESTIF, June 2007
  7. ^ 2005: Record year for investments in renewable energy REN21: Renewables Global Status Report 2006 Update, 18.7.2006
  8. ^ Bioenergie: Großes Potenzial für Pellets-Märkte in Europa und weltweit 9.7.2007 Solarserver.de
  9. ^ Pellets for small-scale domestic heating systems 5/2007, European Biomass Association Aebiom (Resmac project)
  10. ^ Photovoltaic energy barometer 2007 - EurObserv’ER Systèmes solaires Le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 178, s. 49-70, 4/2007
  11. ^ a b Biogas barometer 2007 - EurObserv’ER Systèmes solaires - le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 179, s. 51-61, 5/2007
  12. ^ a b Biofuels barometer 2007 - EurObserv’ER Systèmes solaires Le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 179, s. 63-75, 5/2007