Upper Lake (Bhopal)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Upper Lake Bada Talaab |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Location | Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal |
| Primary inflows | Kolans River |
| Catchment area | 361 km² |
| Basin countries | India |
| Surface area | 31 km² |
Upper Lake, also known as Bada Talaab ("Big Lake") in Hindustani, is a large artificial lake which lies on the Western side of the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal. It is a major source of potable water to the residents of the city, serving around 40% of the residents with nearly 30 million gallons per day.[1] Bada talaab, along with the nearby Chhota Talaab, meaning small lake in Hindi, constitute Bhoj Wetland, which is now a Ramsar site.[2]
Contents |
[edit] History
Bada Talaab was built by Raja Bhoj during his tenure as a king of Malwa (1005-1055). He established the city of Bhopal (also named after him) to secure the eastern frontier of his kingdom. The lake was created by constructing an earthen dam across the Kolans River. An eleven gate dam was constructed at Bhadbhada in 1965 at the southeast corner of the Lake, and now controls the outflow to the river Kaliasote.
There is a legend why the Parmara king built the lake. Once king Bhoj suffered from skin disease. All vaidyas failed to cure him. One day a saint told the king to build a tank to combine 365 tributaries and then have a bath in it to wipe out the skin disease. Bhoj called upon his engineers to build up a huge tank. They spotted a place near river Betwa, which was 32 km away from Bhopal. It was found that it has only 359 tributaries. A Gond Commander Kalia fulfilled this shortage. He then gave the address of an invisible river. After merging the tributaries of this river the number 365 was completed.[3]
[edit] Geography
The lake (upper lake)is situated on the Eastern side of Bhopal city and is surrounded by Van Vihar National Park on the South, human settlements on the East and North, and agriculture fields on the West.[2] It has an area of 31 km², and drains a catchment or watershed of 361 km². The watershed of the Upper Lake is mostly rural, with some urbanized areas around its eastern end. The Kolans was formerly a tributary of the Halali River, but with the creation of the lake using an earthen dam and a diversion channel, the upper reach of the Kolans River and Bada Talaab now drain into the Kaliasote River.
[edit] Social & Cultural Significance
Ever since the construction of the lake in the 11th century, the Bhopal city has grown around it. Life of the people of Bhopal is very much centralized in and around the twin lakes. The people are religiously and culturally attached to the lakes. They meet their needs of daily potable water supply. Apart from this, washing clothes, cultivation of water chestnut in bada talaab and lotus in chhota talaab. The idols of gods and goddesses are also immersed in the lake during religious festivals. The Takia island in Upper lake has a tomb of the Shah Ali Shah Rahamatullah Alla, which has religious and archaeological significantly.[2]
[edit] Economy & Entertainment
The fishing rights to the Bada Talaab have been given on long lease by the Bhopal Municipal Corporation to fishermen co-operative consisting of some 500 fishermen families. Fishing is mainly done on its South-Eastern shores. The lake also serves as the source of water for irrigating a large area. There are 87 villages in its catchment area in the Bhopal as well as Sehore districts. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for people in these areas and most farmers have livestock as well. While some farmers have large landholdings, many farmers are small and marginal farmers with only a few acres of land.[1]
Bada Talaab attracts a lot of tourists and locals due to its scenic beauty. India's first National Sailing Club has been established at the Boat Club[4] on its Eastern side. This club offers various water sports such as kayaking, canoeing, rafting, water skiing, parasailing etc. A number of operators provide facilities for exciting trips by sail, paddle and motor boats.[5] Van Vihar National Park, situated on the South-Eastern side of the lake, attracts lot of tourists due to its unique set-up. The road passing through it has on one side the animals in their natural habitats, and on the other hand is the scenic beauty of the lake.
[edit] Biodiversity
The two lakes support a wide variety of flora and fauna. Diverse flora provide ideal habitat in the form of food and shelter for a large number of avifauna. Due to biotic interaction and natural selection process a characteristic relationship between vegetation and the avifauna has developed. A total of more than 20,000 birds have been observed annually. White stork, blacknecked stork, barheaded goose, spoonbill etc., that have been rare sightings in the past, have started appearing evidentially in the recent times. A recent phenomenon is congregation of more than 100-120 sarus cranes in the lake. The largest bird of India, sarus crane (Grusantigone) is known for its size, majestic flight and life time pairing.[2]
[edit] Flora
106 species of Macrophytes (belonging to 87 genera of 46 families), which includes 14 rare species and 208 species of Phytoplankton comprising 106 species of Chlorophyceae, 37 species of Cyano phyceae, 34 species of Euglenophyceae, 27 species of Bacilariophyceae and 4 species of Dinophyceae.[2]
[edit] Fauna
105 speices of zooplanktons, which includes (rotifera 41, Protozoa 10, Cladocera 14, Copepoda 5, Ostracoda 9, Coleoptera 11, and Diptera 25). Fish fauna consist of 43 species (natural and cultured spe cies), 27 species of avifauna, 98 species of insects and more than 10 species of Reptiles and Amphibians (including 5 species of tortoise) have been recoreded so far.[2]
