Tulip period

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History of the
Ottoman Empire
Period (Eras):
Rise (1299–1453): Interregnum
Growth (1453–1683) :
Stagnation (1683–1827): Köprülü era
- Sultanate of women - Tulip period
Decline (1828–1908): Tanzimat era -
1stConstitutional Era
Dissolution (1908–1922):
2ndConstitutional Era - Partitioning
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The Tulip period (Ottoman Turkish: لاله دورى, Turkish: Lâle Devri), also known as the Tulip era, has been the traditional name for a period in Ottoman history lasting from 1718 to 1730, a relatively peaceful period in which the Ottoman Empire has been said to have begun to orient itself towards Europe. The name of the period derives from the tulip craze among the Ottoman court society, whereby in early 20th century historiography, starting with the works of Ahmet Refik, the period came to be identified over the tulip. Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha was the Grand Vizier of the Empire, and the period is delineated over his vizierate (1718-30) rather than the sultanate of Ahmet III. The end of the "Tulip Period" was marked by an uprising led by Patrona Halil in 1730.

The period saw the capital's expansion on the Bosporus, where the wealthier began to increasingly built alternative residences (yalıs) outside the crowded walled city. While traditionally linked to the beginning of Westernization of Ottoman culture, more recent studies have called the Tulip Era rather a period of revivalism, orienting itself towards both the "classical" 16th century and Safavid Persia.[citation needed] The Ottoman tradition of miniature albums is revived with the work of the outstanding miniature painter Levni - who began to work in Edirne, then went to Istanbul where he studied painting and became the court painter - and also an attempt to revive the Ottoman tradition of ceramics, after the decline of production in Iznik, is made with the establishment of new workshops in Istanbul. In poetry, the poet Nedîm breaks new ground by challenging the traditional canon while writing in a classical Ottoman format. Also the establishment of the first Ottoman printing press by the Hungarian convert Ibrahim Muteferrika is a landmark of the period.

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